Immunity - CIE Alevel notes!
... with those on the body’s own cells are destroyed. This means that the remaining lymphocytes will only act against non - self molecules that are not normally found in the body. Non – self molecules, such as those on the surfaces of invading bacteria, are called antigens. Several different types of ce ...
... with those on the body’s own cells are destroyed. This means that the remaining lymphocytes will only act against non - self molecules that are not normally found in the body. Non – self molecules, such as those on the surfaces of invading bacteria, are called antigens. Several different types of ce ...
introduction and overview
... What are, and how do we identify, the key cells of the immune response? Anatomy of primary and secondary lymphoid organs—how do they get ...
... What are, and how do we identify, the key cells of the immune response? Anatomy of primary and secondary lymphoid organs—how do they get ...
The Immune System - Mercer Island School District
... Antibodies are proteins that destroy pathogens and are made by B-Cells. They can bind to the pathogens membrane proteins, clump the pathogens together to make them easier for another cell to destroy, or they can activate complement proteins that weaken the invading pathogens membrane. Antigens are m ...
... Antibodies are proteins that destroy pathogens and are made by B-Cells. They can bind to the pathogens membrane proteins, clump the pathogens together to make them easier for another cell to destroy, or they can activate complement proteins that weaken the invading pathogens membrane. Antigens are m ...
Immunology Review
... lack specific antigen receptors but respond to altered tissue typing in virus-infected and cancer cells Cytokines: small proteins produced by macrophages in response to bacterial antigens; signal other white blood cells; act by binding to specific membrane receptors to signal the cell to alter its b ...
... lack specific antigen receptors but respond to altered tissue typing in virus-infected and cancer cells Cytokines: small proteins produced by macrophages in response to bacterial antigens; signal other white blood cells; act by binding to specific membrane receptors to signal the cell to alter its b ...
Dental Microbiology #211 IMMUNOLOGY Lecture 1
... The adaptive immune response requires time to be induced, is specific and has memory. The adaptive immune system is composed of: T and B lymphocytes and a group of specialized phagocytic cells called Antigen-presenting cells (APC). The Thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes are involved in defense against i ...
... The adaptive immune response requires time to be induced, is specific and has memory. The adaptive immune system is composed of: T and B lymphocytes and a group of specialized phagocytic cells called Antigen-presenting cells (APC). The Thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes are involved in defense against i ...
Immune Memory and Vaccines
... • Two ways to acquire this kind of active immunity* (active because the body actively produces antibodies to trigger a quick secondary response) – Naturally acquired active immunity: example— common cold viruses – “Artificially” acquired active immunity: Vaccines… *Passive immunity: Antibodies come ...
... • Two ways to acquire this kind of active immunity* (active because the body actively produces antibodies to trigger a quick secondary response) – Naturally acquired active immunity: example— common cold viruses – “Artificially” acquired active immunity: Vaccines… *Passive immunity: Antibodies come ...
Unit 10 p4
... **A VACCINE consists of bacteria or viruses that have been _______ so they a cannot cause a serious infection; or could include a toxoid or toxin that has been chemically altered to destroy its toxic effects -includes antigens that stimulate a but does not produce the severe symptoms of disease 2) P ...
... **A VACCINE consists of bacteria or viruses that have been _______ so they a cannot cause a serious infection; or could include a toxoid or toxin that has been chemically altered to destroy its toxic effects -includes antigens that stimulate a but does not produce the severe symptoms of disease 2) P ...
Nonspecific Defenses Against Infection
... b. humoral and cell mediated immunity 3) Explain how the physical barrier of skin is reinforced by chemical defenses. 4) Define phagocytosis. Name four types of phagocytic leukocytes. 5) Explain how interferon limits cell-to-cell spread of viruses. 6) Describe the inflammation response, including ho ...
... b. humoral and cell mediated immunity 3) Explain how the physical barrier of skin is reinforced by chemical defenses. 4) Define phagocytosis. Name four types of phagocytic leukocytes. 5) Explain how interferon limits cell-to-cell spread of viruses. 6) Describe the inflammation response, including ho ...
File
... pathogens, white cells of the immune system react to pathogens with defense specifically designed to fight it ...
... pathogens, white cells of the immune system react to pathogens with defense specifically designed to fight it ...
Lecture 9 - University of Arizona | Ecology and
... Natural Killer Cells • Some viruses downregulate MHC-1 expression on infected cells • NK cells induce apoptosis in cells missing MHC-1 ...
... Natural Killer Cells • Some viruses downregulate MHC-1 expression on infected cells • NK cells induce apoptosis in cells missing MHC-1 ...
Immunology for Surgeons: The Basics 101
... Lymphoid organs: primary/secondary Humoral and Cell-mediated responses ...
... Lymphoid organs: primary/secondary Humoral and Cell-mediated responses ...
Unit Question: What is life and how does it maintain balance? Notes
... (2) pathogenic organisms (3) parasitic fungi (4) decomposers The virus that causes AIDS is damaging to the body because it (1) targets cells that fight invading microbes (2) attacks specific red blood cells (3) causes an abnormally high insulin level (4) prevents the normal transmission of nerve imp ...
... (2) pathogenic organisms (3) parasitic fungi (4) decomposers The virus that causes AIDS is damaging to the body because it (1) targets cells that fight invading microbes (2) attacks specific red blood cells (3) causes an abnormally high insulin level (4) prevents the normal transmission of nerve imp ...
Biology Topic 10
... pathogens are the ones with receptors able to recognize the antigens these pathogens produce. Those B cells whose receptors bind with antigens are selcted and made in multiple copies. ...
... pathogens are the ones with receptors able to recognize the antigens these pathogens produce. Those B cells whose receptors bind with antigens are selcted and made in multiple copies. ...
The immune system
... Cells, tissues and organs of the immune system • Immune cells are bone marrow-derived, & distributed through out the body ...
... Cells, tissues and organs of the immune system • Immune cells are bone marrow-derived, & distributed through out the body ...
Lecture 1: The immune system: an overview
... Cells, tissues and organs of the immune system • Immune cells are bone marrow-derived, & distributed through out the body ...
... Cells, tissues and organs of the immune system • Immune cells are bone marrow-derived, & distributed through out the body ...
Slide 1 - Cloudfront.net
... • Reside in spleen and lymph nodes; circulate in blood and lymph • Directly recognize antigen and then undergo clonal selection Clonal expansion produces antibodysecreting plasma cells as well as memory B cells ...
... • Reside in spleen and lymph nodes; circulate in blood and lymph • Directly recognize antigen and then undergo clonal selection Clonal expansion produces antibodysecreting plasma cells as well as memory B cells ...
3.6 Immune System
... down along with any human cells damaged by the pathogen. Fragments of dead pathogen and white blood cells form _________________ ...
... down along with any human cells damaged by the pathogen. Fragments of dead pathogen and white blood cells form _________________ ...
Immunity
... • Major role in the immune system. • Produces, stores, and circulate white blood cells. • Lymph=fluid in the lymphatic system • Lymph nodes=areas of concentrated lymph vessels ...
... • Major role in the immune system. • Produces, stores, and circulate white blood cells. • Lymph=fluid in the lymphatic system • Lymph nodes=areas of concentrated lymph vessels ...
Physiology of the Blood III. White Blood Cells and the Immune
... - part of it: TAP/tapasin antigen processing molecule - cytotoxic T-cells recognize MHC-I (virus infected cell, tumor cell, tissue from another non-compatible individual) MHC- II - only in the membrane of immune cells (antigen presenting cells) - join to antigen-fragments digested in the lysosomes ( ...
... - part of it: TAP/tapasin antigen processing molecule - cytotoxic T-cells recognize MHC-I (virus infected cell, tumor cell, tissue from another non-compatible individual) MHC- II - only in the membrane of immune cells (antigen presenting cells) - join to antigen-fragments digested in the lysosomes ( ...
IB280 SEMINAR Dr. France-Isabelle Auzanneau, Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph
... Tumor Associated Carbohydrate antigens: Synthetic chemistry and molecular modelling studies Carbohydrates constitute the most abundant class of natural products. In addition to being a source of energy, numerous oligo- and poly- saccharides have functional roles in various biological events such as ...
... Tumor Associated Carbohydrate antigens: Synthetic chemistry and molecular modelling studies Carbohydrates constitute the most abundant class of natural products. In addition to being a source of energy, numerous oligo- and poly- saccharides have functional roles in various biological events such as ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.