HIV-1 Envelope gp41 Is a Potent Inhibitor of Chemoattractant
... HIV-1 infection is initiated by high-affinity binding of gp120 to CD4, which was identified as the primary receptor for HIV-1 (3, 4). Recently, members of the seven-transmembrane chemokine receptor superfamily have been identified as essential cofactors for HIV-1 entry (5), and HIV-1 cell-type tropi ...
... HIV-1 infection is initiated by high-affinity binding of gp120 to CD4, which was identified as the primary receptor for HIV-1 (3, 4). Recently, members of the seven-transmembrane chemokine receptor superfamily have been identified as essential cofactors for HIV-1 entry (5), and HIV-1 cell-type tropi ...
Toward an Inclusive, Congruent, and Precise Definition of
... Today, several studies show that classical IL-1-driven autoinflammatory diseases are associated with activation of adaptive immunity (11–13). Further, a number of recently defined monogenic autoinflammatory conditions have complex phenotypes that combine autoinflammation with defects of the adaptive ...
... Today, several studies show that classical IL-1-driven autoinflammatory diseases are associated with activation of adaptive immunity (11–13). Further, a number of recently defined monogenic autoinflammatory conditions have complex phenotypes that combine autoinflammation with defects of the adaptive ...
Glycosylation and Fc Receptors
... primarily as SIgA and exhibits anti-inflammatory neutralizing properties. This prevents unwanted immune responses against commensal bacteria or other perceived antigens encountered in a normal diet. SIgA is extensively N- and O-linked glycosylated (see Fig. 2). Both IgA1 and IgA2 contain two N-linke ...
... primarily as SIgA and exhibits anti-inflammatory neutralizing properties. This prevents unwanted immune responses against commensal bacteria or other perceived antigens encountered in a normal diet. SIgA is extensively N- and O-linked glycosylated (see Fig. 2). Both IgA1 and IgA2 contain two N-linke ...
Respiratory and systemic humoral and cellular immune responses
... The level of heterosubtypic immunity (Het-I) and the immune mechanisms stimulated by a heterosubtypic influenza virus infection were investigated in pigs. Pigs are natural hosts for influenza virus and, like humans, they host both subtypes H1N1 and H3N2. Marked Het-I was observed when pigs were infe ...
... The level of heterosubtypic immunity (Het-I) and the immune mechanisms stimulated by a heterosubtypic influenza virus infection were investigated in pigs. Pigs are natural hosts for influenza virus and, like humans, they host both subtypes H1N1 and H3N2. Marked Het-I was observed when pigs were infe ...
Review Chronic Intestinal Inflammation and Intestinal Disease in Dogs
... form of IBD that principally but not exclusively affects young Boxer dogs, was first described over 30 years ago.50,51 The gross, histopathologic (Fig 4), and ultrastructural changes seen in HUC have been well characterized50,52–57 and are distinct from those changes associated with other idiopathic ...
... form of IBD that principally but not exclusively affects young Boxer dogs, was first described over 30 years ago.50,51 The gross, histopathologic (Fig 4), and ultrastructural changes seen in HUC have been well characterized50,52–57 and are distinct from those changes associated with other idiopathic ...
Bovine mammary gland
... the elevation in phagocytic cells, lymphocytes, immunoglobulins and Lf These changes occur too slowly and their antibacterial action is compromised by other normal events of involution. Treatment of glands at or near drying off with colchicine, endotoxin or the combination of the two compounds resul ...
... the elevation in phagocytic cells, lymphocytes, immunoglobulins and Lf These changes occur too slowly and their antibacterial action is compromised by other normal events of involution. Treatment of glands at or near drying off with colchicine, endotoxin or the combination of the two compounds resul ...
Dendritic Cells Promote Macrophage Infiltration and
... a-chain CD11c, defining these cells as “triple-positive” (triple+), since they also express the CD11b and F4/80 markers (16,17). However, CD11c is commonly recognized as a marker of DC, which can also express CD11b and F4/ 80 (18,19), raising the possibility that at least a proportion of the obesity- ...
... a-chain CD11c, defining these cells as “triple-positive” (triple+), since they also express the CD11b and F4/80 markers (16,17). However, CD11c is commonly recognized as a marker of DC, which can also express CD11b and F4/ 80 (18,19), raising the possibility that at least a proportion of the obesity- ...
I , Apr. 2005, p. 2012–2019 Vol. 73, No. 4 ⫹0 doi:10.1128/IAI.73.4.2012–2019.2005
... immune response, we compared the murine pulmonary responses to infection with melanized and nonmelanized Cryptococcus neoformans cells. Infection with melanized cells resulted in a greater fungal burden during the early stages of infection and was associated with higher levels of interleukin-4 and M ...
... immune response, we compared the murine pulmonary responses to infection with melanized and nonmelanized Cryptococcus neoformans cells. Infection with melanized cells resulted in a greater fungal burden during the early stages of infection and was associated with higher levels of interleukin-4 and M ...
Immune System Computation and the Immunological Homunculus
... sclerosis, degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, or allergic diseases such as asthma. At the operational level, it is now clear that clones of lymphocytes do not function in isolation, as taught by the classic clonal selection theory. The immune system works as an integrated, whole syst ...
... sclerosis, degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, or allergic diseases such as asthma. At the operational level, it is now clear that clones of lymphocytes do not function in isolation, as taught by the classic clonal selection theory. The immune system works as an integrated, whole syst ...
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents Lactoferrin
... Fe3+ ion, limiting use of this nutrient by bacteria at the infection site and inhibiting the growth of these microorganisms as well as the expression of their virulence factors [30]. LF’s bactericidal function has been attributed to its direct interaction with bacterial surfaces (Fig. 2). In 1988 it ...
... Fe3+ ion, limiting use of this nutrient by bacteria at the infection site and inhibiting the growth of these microorganisms as well as the expression of their virulence factors [30]. LF’s bactericidal function has been attributed to its direct interaction with bacterial surfaces (Fig. 2). In 1988 it ...
Original Research Article
... resulting in transient hyperthyroidism. These antibodies can even lyse the thyroid cells. B cells present the thyroid antigen to T cells. T cells secrete cytokines which activate a variety of other immune cells, and has a role in antibody production (Th2 cells) and apoptotic destruction of thyroid c ...
... resulting in transient hyperthyroidism. These antibodies can even lyse the thyroid cells. B cells present the thyroid antigen to T cells. T cells secrete cytokines which activate a variety of other immune cells, and has a role in antibody production (Th2 cells) and apoptotic destruction of thyroid c ...
IBR/Pii The humoral immune response in cattle after Pasteurella haemolytica
... A multivalent vaccine consisting of inactivated bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV-1), also known as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBR) , para-influenza type-3 virus (PI 3 ) and the leukotoxin of Pasteurella haemolytica A 1, were combined with the addition of aluminium hydroxide as adjuvant, and ...
... A multivalent vaccine consisting of inactivated bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV-1), also known as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBR) , para-influenza type-3 virus (PI 3 ) and the leukotoxin of Pasteurella haemolytica A 1, were combined with the addition of aluminium hydroxide as adjuvant, and ...
4/5/99
... responses (Figure 3), suggesting that limited viral replication has resulted in a strengthening of HIV-specific immunity. After the first interruption in therapy virus was genotyped and there was no indication of the development of antiviral drug resistance. ...
... responses (Figure 3), suggesting that limited viral replication has resulted in a strengthening of HIV-specific immunity. After the first interruption in therapy virus was genotyped and there was no indication of the development of antiviral drug resistance. ...
Thyroid Glossary - YOUR THYROID And YOU
... PTU - Propylthiouracil, an antithyroid medication, a drug that blocks the production of thyroid hormone. Pulmonary - Relating to the lungs. Radioactive iodine - Used in diagnostic tests as well as in radiotherapy of a hyperactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism), most often due to Graves’ disease. Ra ...
... PTU - Propylthiouracil, an antithyroid medication, a drug that blocks the production of thyroid hormone. Pulmonary - Relating to the lungs. Radioactive iodine - Used in diagnostic tests as well as in radiotherapy of a hyperactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism), most often due to Graves’ disease. Ra ...
Licentiate thesis from the Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute,
... parasites and some viruses and are found in the outer cell membrane. However, the TLRs that are specialized in recognition of intracellular bacteria and viruses, such as TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 are located intracellularly. The motifs that they recognize are not necessarily unique to viruses. In f ...
... parasites and some viruses and are found in the outer cell membrane. However, the TLRs that are specialized in recognition of intracellular bacteria and viruses, such as TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 are located intracellularly. The motifs that they recognize are not necessarily unique to viruses. In f ...
View/Open
... Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent bacteria that cause mastitis and is responsible for ~25-30% of all intramammary infections. Mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus is most often subclinical, however, a substantial incidence rate of clinical mastitis is associated with this patho ...
... Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent bacteria that cause mastitis and is responsible for ~25-30% of all intramammary infections. Mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus is most often subclinical, however, a substantial incidence rate of clinical mastitis is associated with this patho ...
How does Salmonella evade the adaptive immune system? by
... fimbriae, interact with nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) receptors and toll-like receptors (TLR) to activate inflammatory pathways and tailor host response to the invading microbe.4o 24,41 Following rapid internalization by the macrophage, neutrophil, monocyte or dendritic cell, membr ...
... fimbriae, interact with nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) receptors and toll-like receptors (TLR) to activate inflammatory pathways and tailor host response to the invading microbe.4o 24,41 Following rapid internalization by the macrophage, neutrophil, monocyte or dendritic cell, membr ...
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALS Deciphering protein dynamics of the
... used for detection (Figure S1A). As expected, no signal was detected in PAO1 or PAO1pvdS. Insertions yielded a single band above the 35 kDa marker band whereas fusion of PvdS with eYFP would generate 47 kDa proteins. However, purified PvdS was previously shown to migrate at an apparent mass of 28 kD ...
... used for detection (Figure S1A). As expected, no signal was detected in PAO1 or PAO1pvdS. Insertions yielded a single band above the 35 kDa marker band whereas fusion of PvdS with eYFP would generate 47 kDa proteins. However, purified PvdS was previously shown to migrate at an apparent mass of 28 kD ...
