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... Specifically, it was proposed that a FDC is generated by a cell fusion event between a stromal cell and a migratory CD35+ B220+ precursor cell, which is consistent with several observations of binucleate FDCs (Murakami et al., 2007; Allen and Cyster, 2008). Moreover, differentiation of FDCs as a spe ...
... Specifically, it was proposed that a FDC is generated by a cell fusion event between a stromal cell and a migratory CD35+ B220+ precursor cell, which is consistent with several observations of binucleate FDCs (Murakami et al., 2007; Allen and Cyster, 2008). Moreover, differentiation of FDCs as a spe ...
Sniðmát meistaraverkefnis HÍ
... When an APC has engulfed a pathogen in an infected tissue it travels to the draining lymph node and presents the antigen of the pathogen to naïve T-cells. So when an APC has found a lymphocyte in the draining lymph node that has a receptor that can bind to that particular antigen it activates the ly ...
... When an APC has engulfed a pathogen in an infected tissue it travels to the draining lymph node and presents the antigen of the pathogen to naïve T-cells. So when an APC has found a lymphocyte in the draining lymph node that has a receptor that can bind to that particular antigen it activates the ly ...
Treatment of CFS: the USA Experience
... T Cell activation, neuronal and mitochondrial regulatory abnormalities Kaushik J Clin pathol 2005 58(8):826 Abnormalities of Immune response genes in postinfection fatigue suggest genetic variations in susceptibility to persistent fatigue. Helbig QJM 2005 98(8):565 Pre-post exercise challenge gene s ...
... T Cell activation, neuronal and mitochondrial regulatory abnormalities Kaushik J Clin pathol 2005 58(8):826 Abnormalities of Immune response genes in postinfection fatigue suggest genetic variations in susceptibility to persistent fatigue. Helbig QJM 2005 98(8):565 Pre-post exercise challenge gene s ...
Regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses by
... We also studied differences in how Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria modulate presentation of a model antigen to naïve T cells. Different subsets of mouse antigen-presenting cells were fed soluble ovalbumin (OVA), or OVA produced inside transgenic Gram-positive (lactobacilli/lactococci) or Gr ...
... We also studied differences in how Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria modulate presentation of a model antigen to naïve T cells. Different subsets of mouse antigen-presenting cells were fed soluble ovalbumin (OVA), or OVA produced inside transgenic Gram-positive (lactobacilli/lactococci) or Gr ...
... macrophages (AMs) have an increased ability to serve as accessory cells during the generation of an immune response. In addition to soluble mediators, like cytokines, molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and adhesion molecules, like intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM ...
immunoregulation (ir)
... Introduction: During sepsis, TNF is an important inflammatory mediator acting through its two cognate receptor isotypes: TNFR1 and TNFR2. In its acute phase systemic TNF release leads to dysregulated local inflammatory responses and organ damage. Recent results show in patients and mouse models who ...
... Introduction: During sepsis, TNF is an important inflammatory mediator acting through its two cognate receptor isotypes: TNFR1 and TNFR2. In its acute phase systemic TNF release leads to dysregulated local inflammatory responses and organ damage. Recent results show in patients and mouse models who ...
Article
... targets of pathogen effectors. Pseudomonas syringae HopAI1 is an ortholog of Shigella effector OspF, which irreversibly inactivates mammalian MAP kinase Erk1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 by cleaving phosphate groups from phosphothreonines (Li et al., 2007). In Arabidopsis, HopAI1 targets MPK3 ...
... targets of pathogen effectors. Pseudomonas syringae HopAI1 is an ortholog of Shigella effector OspF, which irreversibly inactivates mammalian MAP kinase Erk1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 by cleaving phosphate groups from phosphothreonines (Li et al., 2007). In Arabidopsis, HopAI1 targets MPK3 ...
Influenza: A case study
... 1.2 Influenza infection in humans Influenza is an acute viral disease that affects the respiratory tract in humans. The virus is spread readily in aerosol droplets produced by coughing and sneezing, which are symptoms of the illness. Other symptoms include fatigue, muscle and joint pains and fever. ...
... 1.2 Influenza infection in humans Influenza is an acute viral disease that affects the respiratory tract in humans. The virus is spread readily in aerosol droplets produced by coughing and sneezing, which are symptoms of the illness. Other symptoms include fatigue, muscle and joint pains and fever. ...
Inflammation response in AD - UvA-DARE
... C3 convertase, which cleaves complement component C3 into C3b and C3a. C3a is a peptide mediator of local inflammation. C3b binds covalently to the pathogen membrane and opsonises it enabling phagocytes. C3b also activates another series of cleavage reactions resulting in more cytokines and a membra ...
... C3 convertase, which cleaves complement component C3 into C3b and C3a. C3a is a peptide mediator of local inflammation. C3b binds covalently to the pathogen membrane and opsonises it enabling phagocytes. C3b also activates another series of cleavage reactions resulting in more cytokines and a membra ...
Microbiology Demystified
... When you hear the words “germ,” “bacteria,” and “virus” you might cringe, running for the nearest sink to wash your hands. These words may bring back memories of when you caught a cold or the flu—never a pleasant experience. Germs, bacteria, viruses and other microscopic organisms are called microor ...
... When you hear the words “germ,” “bacteria,” and “virus” you might cringe, running for the nearest sink to wash your hands. These words may bring back memories of when you caught a cold or the flu—never a pleasant experience. Germs, bacteria, viruses and other microscopic organisms are called microor ...
The effect of histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)
... It is known that noroviruses (NoVs) show affinity for histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) receptors. The first part of this study aimed to investigate whether the gaseous atmosphere wherein HBGA-expressing E. coli grow influences the receptor expression as well as the protective role these bacteria hav ...
... It is known that noroviruses (NoVs) show affinity for histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) receptors. The first part of this study aimed to investigate whether the gaseous atmosphere wherein HBGA-expressing E. coli grow influences the receptor expression as well as the protective role these bacteria hav ...
immunity on viral immune escape pressures on viral populations
... wherein viruses mutate too rapidly to retain favourable genotypes) (Eigen 1971; Eigen & Schuster 1979; Nowak 1992; Baake & Gabriel 2000; Kamp 2003). However, most of these models do not in turn include the effects of virus evolution on the structure of adaptive immunity in the host population, makin ...
... wherein viruses mutate too rapidly to retain favourable genotypes) (Eigen 1971; Eigen & Schuster 1979; Nowak 1992; Baake & Gabriel 2000; Kamp 2003). However, most of these models do not in turn include the effects of virus evolution on the structure of adaptive immunity in the host population, makin ...
Pedro Miguel Azevedo Veloso Improving derived Listeria phage
... contaminated food. The concerns about the upsurge of widespread reported cases, combined with emerging antibiotic-resistance amongst pathogenic bacteria, such as L. monocytogenes, demand for the development of novel preservation techniques that ensure the safety of food products. Endolysins, which o ...
... contaminated food. The concerns about the upsurge of widespread reported cases, combined with emerging antibiotic-resistance amongst pathogenic bacteria, such as L. monocytogenes, demand for the development of novel preservation techniques that ensure the safety of food products. Endolysins, which o ...
Ribosome rocks
... There are three tRNA binding sites on the ribosome: the A (or aminoacyl) site, which bind s the tRNA with the new amino acid to be added; the P (or peptidyl) site, which holds the tRNA with the nascent polypeptide chain; and the E (or exit) site which binds the deacylated tRNA before its ejection fr ...
... There are three tRNA binding sites on the ribosome: the A (or aminoacyl) site, which bind s the tRNA with the new amino acid to be added; the P (or peptidyl) site, which holds the tRNA with the nascent polypeptide chain; and the E (or exit) site which binds the deacylated tRNA before its ejection fr ...
Licentiate-thesis from the Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
... migration to the gut mucosa. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells inhabit the lamina propia but it is primarly CD8+ T cells that migrate to the epithelium. Of importance for oral tolerance are clonal deletion and clonal anergy of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells4. This appears to happen after high-dose feeding. ...
... migration to the gut mucosa. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells inhabit the lamina propia but it is primarly CD8+ T cells that migrate to the epithelium. Of importance for oral tolerance are clonal deletion and clonal anergy of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells4. This appears to happen after high-dose feeding. ...
Expanding roles for CD4+ T cells in immunity to viruses
... CD4+ T cell-mediated help for B cells. Current licensed vaccines directed against viral pathogens are evaluated almost exclusively on their ability to generate strong neutralizing antibody responses. Antibody-mediated protection can be extraordinarily long-lived 33, and neutralizing antibodies prese ...
... CD4+ T cell-mediated help for B cells. Current licensed vaccines directed against viral pathogens are evaluated almost exclusively on their ability to generate strong neutralizing antibody responses. Antibody-mediated protection can be extraordinarily long-lived 33, and neutralizing antibodies prese ...
Aalborg Universitet Aquaporin-9-expressing neutrophils are required for the establishment of contact hypersensitivity
... www.nature.com/scientificreports/ recruitment of neutrophils into lymph nodes (LNs) in response to infection or immunization10–12, raising the possibility that neutrophils may modulate immune responses within LNs. With respect to the role of neutrophils in CHS, neutrophils were known to be importan ...
... www.nature.com/scientificreports/ recruitment of neutrophils into lymph nodes (LNs) in response to infection or immunization10–12, raising the possibility that neutrophils may modulate immune responses within LNs. With respect to the role of neutrophils in CHS, neutrophils were known to be importan ...
Activation of a Nonclassical NKT Cell Subset in a Transgenic
... who developed transgenic mice expressing complete or partial copies of the HBV genome in the liver (Chisari and Ferrari, 1995; Chisari et al., 1987, 1986, 1985; Guidotti et al., 1995). Transgenic mice are tolerant to viral gene products and do not develop liver disease (Wirth et al., 1995). However, ...
... who developed transgenic mice expressing complete or partial copies of the HBV genome in the liver (Chisari and Ferrari, 1995; Chisari et al., 1987, 1986, 1985; Guidotti et al., 1995). Transgenic mice are tolerant to viral gene products and do not develop liver disease (Wirth et al., 1995). However, ...