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Increased Susceptibility to Salmonella Infection in Signal Regulatory
Increased Susceptibility to Salmonella Infection in Signal Regulatory

Review Cytomegalovirus infection in patients with systemic lupus
Review Cytomegalovirus infection in patients with systemic lupus

Growth Hormone Synthesized and Secreted by Human Thymocytes
Growth Hormone Synthesized and Secreted by Human Thymocytes

... with thymosin or TEC can induce H-antigen in uncommitted bone marrow rosette-forming cells ...
- Future Medicine
- Future Medicine

... infects activated CD4 + T  cells, resulting in productive viral infection [1] , and a rapid and profound depletion of GI tract-associated CD4 + T  cells, leading to loss of integrity of the intestinal mucosa [2,3] . The depletion of GI tract CD4 + T cells has been associated with increased transloca ...
Ipilimumab
Ipilimumab

on Immune Function
on Immune Function

... Low serum or plasma selenium concentrations are associated with an increased risk of progression to AIDS and higher mortality Multivitamin supplementation slowed progression to AIDS when this therapy was given to HIV-infected pregnant women through pregnancy and during lactation, and it also reduced ...
the Immune Response Psychological Stress in Children May Alter
the Immune Response Psychological Stress in Children May Alter

... varies according to the previous stress experience of the individual, whereas various stressors may act in the same or in opposite ways on the same immune parameter. The kind and the magnitude of alterations of immune response depend on several factors, including the severity and the duration of the ...
Chapter 5: Hyphal induction leads to a conserved wall - UvA-DARE
Chapter 5: Hyphal induction leads to a conserved wall - UvA-DARE

... presence of serum, the amino sugar N-acetyl-glucosamine [8], or specific amino acids [9] as well as upon interaction with innate immune cells like macrophages or neutrophils [10]. Transcriptional studies have indicated that on the transcript level, the yeast-to-hypha transition leads to numerous cha ...
L-Arginine Exacerbates Experimental Cerebral Malaria by
L-Arginine Exacerbates Experimental Cerebral Malaria by

Lecture 09
Lecture 09

... FDA approval process The thrimersoal debate Vaccine manufacture How are vaccines made? Challenges for vaccine development ...
The Regulation of HPV Late Gene Expression and the Potential
The Regulation of HPV Late Gene Expression and the Potential

... HPV L1 and L2 late genes is found only in terminally differentiated epithelial cells. As L1 and L2 proteins are highly immunogenic, it is suggested that their suppression may prevent detection of the virus by the immune system, thus acting as a prerequisite for persistence of infection. Therefore, i ...
New Strategies for Vaccine Development - Initial Set Up
New Strategies for Vaccine Development - Initial Set Up

production and quality control of monoclonal antibodies
production and quality control of monoclonal antibodies

Role of Bruton`s tyrosine kinase in innate and adaptive immunity
Role of Bruton`s tyrosine kinase in innate and adaptive immunity

... the phosphorylation of the intracellular sequences of the BCR, so called immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs), by these kinases (reviewed in [42] and figure 1 A). This enables the cytoplasmic Src-family kinase Syk to bind to the phosphorylated ITAMs. Thereby Syk undergoes conforma ...
In Vitro Generation of Interleukin 10–producing - Direct-MS
In Vitro Generation of Interleukin 10–producing - Direct-MS

... dendritic cell (DC)* maturation (12–14) can inhibit both Th1 and Th2 type responses, suggesting an important negative feedback role for this cytokine (15, 16). In addition, a number of studies suggest that IL-10–producing T cells may be induced in the absence of Th1 and Th2 responses and are involve ...
Role of C-C chemokine receptor type 7 and its ligands during
Role of C-C chemokine receptor type 7 and its ligands during

... production, but also a significant defect in the recruitment of inflammatory macrophages [43]. This points to either a direct or indirect role for CCR7 interactions in the recruitment of cells from the bone marrow. Circulation of T cells between peripheral tissues and lymphoid organs is essential fo ...
The immune system
The immune system

... We detect antibodies against etiological agent of the disease in a patients serum, i.e. non pathogenic P. vulgaris and not R. prowasekii, is used as antigen in this serological in vitro reaction A laboratory worker is protected from being infected ...
Infect Immun. 2011 Feb;79(2):688-94. Epub 2010 Nov 22.
Infect Immun. 2011 Feb;79(2):688-94. Epub 2010 Nov 22.

... one unknown DNA sensor exists, as targeted deletion of DAI does not abrogate the IFN response to transfected DNA in most cell types (7, 16, 36). This sensor was recently proposed to be IFN-inducible protein 16 (IFI16), a member of the PYHIN family of DNA binding proteins (34). In addition to recogni ...
The machinery of programmed cell death
The machinery of programmed cell death

... Thus far, the caspase gene family contains 14 mammalian members, of which, 11 human enzymes are known (Fig. 2). Phylogenetic analysis indicates that this gene family is composed of two major subfamilies that are related to either ICE (caspase-1; inflammation group) or to the mammalian counterparts o ...
Architecture for an Artificial Immune System
Architecture for an Artificial Immune System

... Lymphocytes are called negative detectors because they are trained to bind to nonself; i.e. when a lymphocyte is activated, the IS responds as if nonself were detected. This simple form of learning is known as tolerization, because the lymphocytes are trained to be tolerant of self. Lymphocytes are ...
Thesis final for publication-us-18-7-12 2 - eDiss - Georg
Thesis final for publication-us-18-7-12 2 - eDiss - Georg

QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor QuickTime
QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor QuickTime

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2016 Annual Report
2016 Annual Report

PDF + SI - The Journal of Immunology
PDF + SI - The Journal of Immunology

... are thus initially restricted to germline sequence, whereas CDR-L3 and -H3 are created de novo by VL3 JL and VH3 DH3 JH joining, respectively. The inclusion of a D gene segment and the addition of nongermline-encoded nucleotides (N regions) vastly enhance the potential for both combinatorial and som ...
Cell Progenitors B Charge That Are First Established in Early
Cell Progenitors B Charge That Are First Established in Early

... are thus initially restricted to germline sequence, whereas CDR-L3 and -H3 are created de novo by VL3 JL and VH3 DH3 JH joining, respectively. The inclusion of a D gene segment and the addition of nongermline-encoded nucleotides (N regions) vastly enhance the potential for both combinatorial and som ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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