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Survival strategies of Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of
Survival strategies of Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of

... by environmental cues. Antigenic variation, which has been described as a form of “successive phase variation” [27], encompasses programmed changes in protein structure that lead to variation in protein antigenicity. The significance of this mechanism lies in these proteins being known, or reasonabl ...
Interferon- acts directly on CD8 T cells to increase their abundance
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... communicating with other cells, promote activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and B cells to become memory cells. CTLs — also called killer T cells directly attack other cells carrying certain foreign or abnormal molecules on their surfaces. Natural killer (NK) cells are another kind of letha ...
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final thesis benoit - edoc

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PET probes for distinct metabolic pathways have different cell
PET probes for distinct metabolic pathways have different cell

... Intramuscular inoculation with the Moloney murine sarcoma virus/murine leukemia virus complex (MSV/MuLV) results in the rapid growth and regression of a nonmetastatic rhabdomyosarcoma (22). The antitumor response peaks 12–15 days after infection and depends upon CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that recognize ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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