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Lecture VII
Lecture VII

... – Alum – Ag in the vaccine clumps with the alum such that the Ag is released – slowly, like a time-release capsule – gives more time for memory cells to form ...
Lecture schedule of Biochemistry 2015
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... Cells involved in immune responses: Phagocytic cells and their killing mechanisms: T and B-lymphocytes, differentiation of stem cells and idiotypic ...
Harvard Summer Program Immunology Project Resource
Harvard Summer Program Immunology Project Resource

... Differentiate between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, in terms of their general structures and degrees of complexity. Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, and active transport). ...
Prioritization of Neoantigens without Predictions: Comprehensive T
Prioritization of Neoantigens without Predictions: Comprehensive T

... • Every mutation from a tumor separately screened to identify true neoantigens • CD4+ and CD8+ T cell antigens can be separately identified, those that stimulate both may be valuable • Multiple cytokines measured simultaneously • Inhibitory neoantigens can be identified ...
Eulji University Hospital
Eulji University Hospital

... a realistic goal to mitigate the potential risks associated with the long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs. In the BEST study, a randomized trial comparing four different treatment strategies in early RA, 56% of 120 patients who started treatment with infliximab, 3 mg/kg, in combination with MTX ...
Health, Gnotobiology and Infectious Diseases
Health, Gnotobiology and Infectious Diseases

... The Adaptive Immune Response • Memory – Ability to “remember” a previous encounter with an antigen – “Secondary” response is typically induced more quickly and is considerably more vigorous than the “primary” response – Immunological memory can be exploited by vaccination • Self/nonself recognition ...
Unit Three
Unit Three

... • Immunity – body does not suffer the effects of the pathogen as a result of Memory Cells facilitating a Secondary Immune Response that is quick and decisive • Immunization – injection of monoclonal antibodies and antibiotics into the body to assist with the immune response • Vaccine – an “active im ...


... • Antigenic stimulation in one part of MALT leads to immune response also in other compartments of MALT. • IgA is a predominant immunoglobulin secreted through the epitelial cells. • Oral administration of antigens frequently leads to induction of immune tolerance. • Intraepitelial lymphocytes - CD8 ...
Our Body`s Defense
Our Body`s Defense

... The Lymphatic System • Helps fight infection • Plays an important role in the body’s immunity to disease • Supports the cardiovascular system ...
Microscopic Level – Cells of the Epidermis
Microscopic Level – Cells of the Epidermis

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Pathogenesis

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Lymphatic System PowerPoint
Lymphatic System PowerPoint

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Adaptive Immune Response
Adaptive Immune Response

...  T-cells only recognize peptides in the presence of MHC  Antigen recognition by T-cells is said to be MHC restricted ...
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I. Introduction to class

... exerted when gram-negative cells die and cell walls undergo lysis, liberating endotoxin. ...
Series introduction: innate host defense of the respiratory
Series introduction: innate host defense of the respiratory

... disturbance of the local function or structure. In case this first line host-defense system fails to clear the microorganism, secondary layers of the system are activated that are accompanied by an inflammatory reaction. The devastating effects of respiratory infection in patients with cystic fibros ...
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... Lysogenic: Attach to a host, enters, viral DNA becomes part of host cell’s chromosome (provirus formation), onset of disease at lytic cycle. 7. What is a prion? How can they cause diseases? Prion-protein, no DNA or RNA, harmful when it changes molecular shape. 8. Briefly describe 3 ways viruses are ...
White Blood Cells: An Overview of the Body`s Defense Army Human
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a15 AcqCellMed Immunity II
a15 AcqCellMed Immunity II

... • Antibody Actions • Passive and Active Immunity • Monoclonal Antibodies • Players in the Cell Mediated (Adaptive) Response • Activation of Cytotoxic T and B cells via TH cells • Other T cells and their function • Tissue grafting • Immune disorders: Allergies • Immune disorders: Immunodeficiency ...
Autoimmunity and autoinflammation
Autoimmunity and autoinflammation

... Understanding autoinflammatory diseases Autoinflammatory diseases are a group of rare, hereditary inflammatory disorders that occur in the absence of any infection. The cells of your innate immune system induce an inflammatory response even though they have not encountered antigens in the body. Auto ...
Bacteria Virus Protist Fungi Note Sheet
Bacteria Virus Protist Fungi Note Sheet

... They can only attack ________________cells (receptor sites) –Rabies, for instance, can be passed from ________________to human. HIV is a virus that seems specific to ________________. –Influenza is a virus that specifically attacks cells of the ________________ track (hence the coughing, sneezing, a ...
Pattern Recognition with an AIS
Pattern Recognition with an AIS

... Affinity. The number of receptors that bind to pathogens will determine the affinity that the lymphocyte has for a given pathogen. If a bond is very likely to occur, then many receptors will bind to pathogen epitopes, resulting in a high affinity for that pathogen; if a bond is unlikely to occur, th ...
Document
Document

... • Antigens induce tolerance or immunity depending upon the ability of the immune system to sense them as ‘dangererous’, and not by sensing whether they are self or ‘non-self’. • Apoptosis, the ‘non-dangerous’ death of self cells may prevent autoimmunity when old or surplus cells are disposed of. • S ...
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... 1. Phagocytosis is a component of innate and aquired immunity. It is the principal means of destroying pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Phagocytosis initiates the process of antigen presentation. 2. Many phagocytic receptors recognize a diverse array of microbial pathogens. Some pathogens (e.g., S. pn ...
Chapter 24
Chapter 24

... neutralization, binding to surface proteins on a virus or bacterium and blocking its ability to infect a host, agglutination, using both binding sites of an antibody to join invading cells together into a clump, precipitation, similar to agglutination, except that the antibody molecules link dissolv ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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