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Ch 12 - Lymphatic System
Ch 12 - Lymphatic System

... • 2 types of Lymphocytes – B lymphocytes (B cells) become immunocompetent in the bone marrow; produce antibodies, oversee humoral immunity. – T lymphocytes (T cells) become immunocompetent in the thymus; – Originate from hemocytoblasts in the red bone ...
Inducing tissue specific tolerance in autoimmune disease with
Inducing tissue specific tolerance in autoimmune disease with

... and relevant autoantigens are not completely unravelled. The first aim is to understand the mechanism underlying loss of self-tolerance and disease maintenance. We will discuss the latest findings in autoimmune diseases and the trend towards tissue specific immune modulation with tolerogenic dendrit ...
11.03.2011
11.03.2011

... The rearrangement of genes coding H chain 1) DJ rearrangement - excision a section IgH between D and J segment (runs on both chromosomes) 2) VD rearrangement - excision section between some V segment and DJ, if is rearrangement on some chromosome successfull, stops the regrouping on the second chro ...
Test Date - Humble ISD
Test Date - Humble ISD

...  Protein Coat – The DNA or RNA is surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. The proteins making up the capsid are known as ________________________ and play an important role in the __________________________ of the virus. In addition, the capsid has __________________ ID tags known as ________ ...
Defence against extracellular pathogens Innate defence molecules
Defence against extracellular pathogens Innate defence molecules

... In addition to the local inflammatory effects at the site of infection, a body wide response to infection also occurs, termed the acute phase response. This is mediated primarily by systemic effects of the cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor, that are variously produced ...
Presentation
Presentation

... and TCR ; there are also “d T cells”) • Both have great diversity and exquisite specificity • Both recognize antigen via hypervariable loops at the ends of the variable domains • Both couple antigen recognition to lymphocyte activation (“clonal selection”) via signaling chains with very similar si ...
The Immune System - John Burroughs Middle School
The Immune System - John Burroughs Middle School

... • When it is detected, several types of cells work together to recognize and respond to it • These cells trigger B lymphocytes to produce antibodies • The antibodies lock onto specific antigens, so that they can no longer infect other cells ...
Call description - Berlin Institute of Health
Call description - Berlin Institute of Health

61. DNA vaccines based on FMDV minigenes in a mouse model
61. DNA vaccines based on FMDV minigenes in a mouse model

... should provide a complete immune response: both humoral and cellular responses. In an attempt to improve the immunogenicity of these epitopes after DNA vaccination in vivo, we decided to use successful strategies previously described in our lab and in others (Boyle et al., 1997, 1998; Rodriguez & Wh ...
Fever and Vomit
Fever and Vomit

... A fever occurs in response to infection, allergies or trauma. Fever inducing agents (Pyrogens) are released by body immune system (white blood cells) or infectious bacteria. A “fever” is the resetting of the thermostat and therefore a higher body temperature. Sometimes localized (cut). The chills ar ...
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File

... Non-specific Cellular response Specific immunity ...
43.3 Active and Passive immunity Active Immunity Passive Immunity
43.3 Active and Passive immunity Active Immunity Passive Immunity

Cathelicidin Antibody
Cathelicidin Antibody

... Cathelicidin Antibody: One component of host defense at mucosal surfaces is epithelial-derived antimicrobial peptides. Cathelicidins are one family of antimicrobial peptides characterized by conserved pro-peptide sequences that have been identified in epithelial tissues and some myeloid cells of hum ...
Powerpoint version
Powerpoint version

... Cascade activated by molecules on surface of bacteria or antibodies Complement proteins are opsonins, chemotaxins or form MAC attack ...
Antibody Function Antigen-Antibody Interactions The interactions
Antibody Function Antigen-Antibody Interactions The interactions

...  Antibodies inactivate toxins, viruses or prevent bacterial colonization by binding to the pathogen o Neutralization of toxins and viruses occurs when antibodies “block” the ability of the toxin or virus to bind to a host cell receptor (required for pathogen to infect cell) o Antibodies can prevent ...
Veins returning blood
Veins returning blood

Diphtheria Toxin and Engineered Receptor
Diphtheria Toxin and Engineered Receptor

... Immunologists are using diphtheria toxin (DT) in studies to sort out the function of various immune cells. Diphtheria toxin is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis and will kill about any cell to which it gains entry. Diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR), either simian or human, is genetically attache ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

... 11. Selective toxicity was proposed by ________________ 12. Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria oxidize ___________ 13. The genes required for integration into host chromosomes are carried by _________. 14. The transcription of the viral nucleic acid into mRNA is not necessary in case of________. 15. ...
Chapter 43 Student Guided Notes
Chapter 43 Student Guided Notes

... The secretion of antibodies by clonally selected B cells is the hallmark of the humoral immune response. ...
Rh NEGATIVE PREGNANCY
Rh NEGATIVE PREGNANCY

... Antibody formation occurs by iso immunization, which is defined as the production of immune antibodies in an individual in response to an antigen derived from another individual of the same species provided first one lacks the antigen. This occurs in two stages Sensitisation Immunisation In ABO - bl ...
Unit 10: Classification
Unit 10: Classification

... AIDS is characterized by ________________________________ HIV can stay _______________ for a long time without ________________________ _____________________ the cell. __________________ patients usually do not die from HIV, but from the ____________ _________________ they catch because their immune ...
Hypersensitivity (allergy).
Hypersensitivity (allergy).

... Altered capacity of the body to react to a foreign substance The hypersensitivity states or allergies can be divided into four categories: Type I (IgE antibody-mediated) Type II (IgG and IgM-mediated) Type III (Immune complex-mediated) Type IV (T cell-mediated) Type I (IgE-mediated hypersensitivity ...
NMSI - (3) Adaptive Immune System and Cell Mediated Immunity
NMSI - (3) Adaptive Immune System and Cell Mediated Immunity

... T cell survives. ...
A. Immune hemolytic anemias
A. Immune hemolytic anemias

... The Abs in cold AIHA are Usually IgM and bind to red cell at 28-31°C (mainly in the peripheral circulation where the blood temperature is cooled) Both intravascular and extravascular haemolysis can occur Mild jaundice and splenomegaly Spherocytosis is less marked ...
Immunity
Immunity

... Memory B-Cells Helper T-Cells, Killer TCells and Suppressor TCells Continually circulate through the blood looking for the presence of past infections ...
< 1 ... 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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