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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH NAME: John F. Kearney eRA COMMONS
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH NAME: John F. Kearney eRA COMMONS

... enrichment. These unique findings were greeted by reviewers skeptically at first, but they eventually lead to a resurgence of interest in MZ B cells and their importance in handling blood-borne infections. In turn, MZ-like human B cell subsets were identified by other investigators and led to the de ...
Genetic Vaccines
Genetic Vaccines

... vector that encoded HbsAg and IL-2 on the same plasmid induced marked increase of Ab responses and T-cell proliferation compared to a plasmid encoding HbsAg alone. Taken these results and results from other studies, it is suggested that IL-2 gene coinjection can increase both humoral and cellular ...
Chapter 22
Chapter 22

... increase the number, transformation, and output of antibodies which will attack only the antigen that initially activated each specific B cell. Antibodies 51. Define an antibody. Antibody Structure 52. Discuss the way that the three regions of the antibody protein can have different arrangements of ...
The galectin family of mammalian carbohydrate
The galectin family of mammalian carbohydrate

TBL Module: Blood and Lymphoid Tissue
TBL Module: Blood and Lymphoid Tissue

... describe the morphological changes that occur during development. • Explain the distinction between humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and describe how the different lymphocyte subclasses interact with antigen to elicit these responses. • Explain how MHC molecules are involved in lymphocyte ...
Parentral nutrition in neonate
Parentral nutrition in neonate

... In the presence of hyperglycemia, glucose infusion rate should not be reduced below 4 mg/kg/min. Insulin may be required to maintain adequate blood glucose levels, although its routine use is not recommended ...
tib3handout_me
tib3handout_me

... Consequences that can include failure, harm or even death to the patient result from biomaterial-tissue interactions. Effects on tissues on the implant and implant on the tissues are both important factors. Most result from alterations of normal physiological processes for example immunity, inflamma ...
Nervous System PPT - Old Saybrook Public Schools
Nervous System PPT - Old Saybrook Public Schools

... toxin inhibits release of Glutamine - long term memory GABA - amino acid in brain, inhibitory synapse; Valium reduces anxiety by binding to a GABA receptor Biogenic amines - dopamine, serotonin: LSD binds to receptors leads to hallucinations; Parkinson’s due to lack of dopamine; Prozac inhibits reup ...
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Immunity - HCC Learning Web
Immunity - HCC Learning Web

the first chapter - OncologyPRO
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... Mucida D, Cheroutre H. The many face-lifts of CD4 T helper cells. Adv Immunol 2010; 107:139–152. Owen J, Punt J, Stranford S. Kuby Immunology. Seventh Edition. W. H. Freeman, 2013. Parham P. The Immune System. Fourth edition. New York: Garland Science Publishing, 2014. Rathmell JC, Thompson CB. The ...
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Unit 4 Mind Maps

... Describe the role of cytokines Damage to connective tissue causes, __________ cells to release a chemical ...
Natural Killer (NK) Cells and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV
Natural Killer (NK) Cells and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV

... cytotoxicity (ADCC). The mechanism of ADCC against HIVinfected cells is: Fc receptor-positive effector cells bind to gp120 or gp41-expressing HIV-infected target cells via gp120 or gp41 specific antibodies of certain Immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypes and mediate their killing. NK cell is the important ...
IN THIS ISSUE Fungus-fighting vaccine Recruiting interferon
IN THIS ISSUE Fungus-fighting vaccine Recruiting interferon

Lymphatic & Immune System
Lymphatic & Immune System

... • Adaptive immunity refers to “specific” response to certain pathogens. • An antigen is any substance that triggers an immune response. • The immune system carries out immune responses to antigens • Self-tolerance is when a body does not attack its own tissues and chemicals. Lack of self tolerance r ...
Editorial: Bacterial Exotoxins: How Bacteria Fight the Immune System
Editorial: Bacterial Exotoxins: How Bacteria Fight the Immune System

... pathways, resulting in adjustment of the host immune response to infection and modification of inflammatory responses both locally and systemically (1, 2). Exotoxins can be single polypeptides or heteromeric protein complexes that act on different parts of the cells. At the cell surface, they may in ...
Circulation and gas exchange
Circulation and gas exchange

... The molecular basis of antigen-antibody specificity: Most antigens are proteins or large polysaccharides. The molecules are often outer components of the cell walls of bacteria, capsules, coats of viruses. Transplanted organs, blood cells from individuals and species incite an immune response. The s ...
The Science behind the “Noses are Red” show
The Science behind the “Noses are Red” show

... Each B cell produces a different type of antibody, which will be specific for a different antigen. For example a certain B cell may produce an antibody that sticks to a molecule on the surface of the measles virus. When a child gets measles they are exposed to that antigen and so that type of B cell ...
Gary Davis was recently poisoned at an airport. Relatives say he
Gary Davis was recently poisoned at an airport. Relatives say he

The Science behind the “Noses are Red” show
The Science behind the “Noses are Red” show

Document
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... The cell is the most basic unit of life, performing all of the functions necessary for life. In the eukaryotic vertebrate cell these functions are performed by various organelles within the cell. The cell membrane plays a role in the dynamic process of molecular movement in and out of the cell. At ...
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM - Coast Colleges Home Page
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM - Coast Colleges Home Page

... Non-Specific/Innate Defenses Barriers – skin, mucous membranes, tears Phagocytes – Neutrophils, Macrophages Natural Killer Cells – lymphocytes that lyse/kill cancer cells & virus-infected cells Proteins – complement & interferon Inflammation – Redness, Heat, Pain, Swelling Fever ...
Vaccination
Vaccination

... Key words: Vaccine, Antigen, Antibody, B Cells, Memory T Cells, Immunity Discuss the use of antibiotics and vaccines in the treatment and prevention of bacterial diseases. In your answer be sure to include: a) what is in a vaccine A vaccine contains dead, or weakened microbes or parts of microbes b) ...
Weekly schedule of activities and outcomes
Weekly schedule of activities and outcomes

... Discuss how the structure of immunoglobulins contribute to both their specificity and their effector functions. Explain the basic structure of an antibody molecule. List the five immunoglobulin classes and their biological function Describe organization of Ig genes Describe class switching Define ho ...
Adaptive Immunity: Activation of naive T cells
Adaptive Immunity: Activation of naive T cells

... antigen specificity; this is known as “clonal selection”. This increases the number of lymphocytes that can provide a useful response. Naïve T cells must also differentiate into effector cells in order to provide regulatory and cytolytic functions required for adaptive immunity. Limiting effector fu ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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