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Immunoglobulins - Khyber Girls Medical College
Immunoglobulins - Khyber Girls Medical College

... Bound IgE serves as a receptor for antigens (allergen) and this antigen-antibody complex triggers allergic responses of the immediate (anaphylactic) type through the release of mediators e.g. histamine Although it is present in trace amounts in normal individuals, its levels are raised in ...
Document
Document

... The hetorophilic antigens are common antigen, which are irrelevant to species and exist in human, animal, plant and microorganism. Hemolytic streptococcus B C antigen M antigen ...
Toxoplasma gondii Infection - Wyoming Scholars Repository
Toxoplasma gondii Infection - Wyoming Scholars Repository

... • Potential cure for the millions infected with T. gondii • Applicable to other chronic infections • Better medical treatment of cancerous growths, which NK cells help regulate ...
Haemopoiesis Clinical application
Haemopoiesis Clinical application

... Sites of Haemopoiesis  Yolk sac  Liver and spleen  Bone marrow  Gradual replacement of active (red) marrow by inactive (fatty) tissue  Expansion can occur during increased need for cell production ...
Chapter 6 - Psychology
Chapter 6 - Psychology

... "plasma cells" which secrete antibodies. The antibodies are "invader specific" as are the T-cells. antibodies - Protein substances produced in response to a specific invader or antigen, marking it for destruction and thus creating immunity from that invader. antigens (antibody generators) - Invading ...
Immunopathology I
Immunopathology I

... macrophages digest it and make it into amino acids that are no longer stimulatory for the T-cell, then the whole response comes down). If the antigen is hard for the macrophages to digest (like fungal cell walls, for example), then the macrophages can’t completely clear the material, the T-cells con ...
1. dia - immunology.unideb.hu
1. dia - immunology.unideb.hu

... gain of function mutations of proto-oncogenes that lead to enhanced proliferation signals loss of function mutations of tumor suppressor genes that inactivate regulation of the cell cycle ...
What is immunology - British Society for Immunology
What is immunology - British Society for Immunology

... of B- and T cells are produced, each of which has the ability to recognise a specific, and essentially unique, molecular target. An important aspect of this maturation process is that, for both of these cell types, cells that recognise targets within the body (‘self’ tissue) are identified and weede ...
Chapter 4
Chapter 4

... Prokaryotic Cell Wall Determines shape of cell  Protects from osmotic pressure  Anchor point for flagella  Contributes to virulence ...
What is immunology - British Society for Immunology
What is immunology - British Society for Immunology

... of B- and T cells are produced, each of which has the ability to recognise a specific, and essentially unique, molecular target. An important aspect of this maturation process is that, for both of these cell types, cells that recognise targets within the body (‘self’ tissue) are identified and weede ...
Document
Document

... of B- and T cells are produced, each of which has the ability to recognise a specific, and essentially unique, molecular target. An important aspect of this maturation process is that, for both of these cell types, cells that recognise targets within the body (‘self’ tissue) are identified and weede ...
cellular basis of immunity
cellular basis of immunity

... 3. Neutralization: IgG inactivates viruses by binding to their surface and neutralize toxins by blocking their active sites. 4. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity: Used to destroy large organisms (e.g.: worms). Target organism is coated with antibodies and bombarded with chemicals from n ...
What is Vet-Stem Regenerative Medicine? Stem cells are
What is Vet-Stem Regenerative Medicine? Stem cells are

... endothelial (blood vessel lining), hepato- (liver), neuro- (nerve), epithelial (skin and tissue linings) and hematopoietic (blood cell generating) lineages, similar to that described for bone marrow derived MSC. • Homing: Homing (chemotaxis) is an event by which a cell migrates f ...
VCE BIOLOGY 2011 LARA SECONDARY COLLEGE COURSE
VCE BIOLOGY 2011 LARA SECONDARY COLLEGE COURSE

... This unit examines the molecules and biochemical processes that are essential for life. DNA and gene expression, protein structure / function and associated technologies are explored. Cellular communication, including the immune systems response to pathogens is investigated, as well as the impact bi ...
T cells
T cells

... in CD28 expression and IL-2 production CD20 overexpression on lymphocytes Increased CAMs expression on lymphocytes Old cells may have greater levels of messenger RNA for 3 mitotic inhibitors Decrease number of HLA class I and II antigenic sites on lymphocytes Increase in activated T-cell expressing ...
Immune Response
Immune Response

... • mother is creating antibodies against pathogens baby is being exposed to ...
Week 11 - Immune Responses - NSW and VIC Biology for Year
Week 11 - Immune Responses - NSW and VIC Biology for Year

... Question 1 Non-specific immunity in mammals includes: A. The action of lysozymes in tears and saliva. All the other alternatives mention elements of specific immunity. Question 2 Antibodies produced against this bacterium include: C. (Alternatives B and D can be eliminated because their antigen bind ...
immunity - WordPress.com
immunity - WordPress.com

... Kill tumor cells & virus infected cells - non specific just destroy any cell that can develop tumor -they are called natural killer cells because the cells kill without the need of antigen –specific activation but enhanced by exposure to certain cytokines ( interferons) produced by virus infected ce ...
PowerPoint ****
PowerPoint ****

... most of the same molecules, except that the TCR recognizes peptide–class I MHC complexes, and the coreceptor is CD8, which recognizes class I MHC. Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) are the regions of signaling proteins that are phosphorylated on tyrosine residues and become doc ...
Consequences of virus infection in animal & other organism
Consequences of virus infection in animal & other organism

... a number of viral and host factors that affect pathogenesis. • Viral infection was long thought to produce only acute clinical disease but other host responses are being increasingly recognized. • These include asymptomatic infections, induction of various cancers, chronic progressive neurological d ...
Notes on Allergy
Notes on Allergy

Introduction to Blood
Introduction to Blood

... - The regression of transplanted tumors in a normal mouse model (blue line) is largely due to the action of CTLs recognizing tumor antigens presented on MHC class I (right panel). Albeit the presence of NK cells, this regression is absent in nude mice (red line) in which CTLs do not develop. -Tumor ...
The Immune System
The Immune System

... body can no longer activate B cells or killer T cells – The immune system has no way to fight the pathogen – In other words, the immune system shuts down – Other antigens or pathogens can enter and your body has no way to fight against them ...
PowerPoint Slides
PowerPoint Slides

... which is rarely serious and for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are often available Risk group 3 (RG3) Agents that are associated with serious or lethal human disease for which preventive or therapeutic interventions may be available (high individual risk but low community risk) Risk g ...
Janeway`s immunobiology
Janeway`s immunobiology

... immune system. It presents the field of immunology from a consistent viewpoint, that of the host's interaction with an environment containing many species of potentially harmful microbes. The justification for this approach is that the absence of one or more components of the immune system is virtua ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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