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Innate Immune Response
Innate Immune Response

...  Results in dilation of blood vessels, leakage of fluid from vessels and migration of leukocytes and phagocytes  Leakage of phagocytes from blood vessels called diapedesis ...
chulalongkorn university-naist joint symposium on biological sciences
chulalongkorn university-naist joint symposium on biological sciences

... self-recognition system, adopted by Brassicaceae and Papaveraceae, depends on a specific interaction between male and female S-determinants derived from the same S-haplotype, and their interaction triggers incompatible responses to prevent the fertilization. The non-self-recognition system, found in ...
LectureGuideAdaptiveImmune(CH15) 7e
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... begin to think about what happens when you have a bacterial infection. For instance, if you got a bacterial infection as a result of cutting your finger, what aspects of the innate and adaptive immune response will be working to help protect you and to initiate the immune response? What if you got a ...
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... – Derived from monocytes, transform into macrophages – Pass through walls of capillaries to enter tissues • Diapedesis and extravasation ...
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Cancers (tumours) are not inherited, nor are they

... What structural features of the proximal convoluted tubule assist it in this function? Explain the functions of the loop of Henle. How are salts removed in the descending and ascending loops? What is the effect on the concentration of the medulla and the urine? ...
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Lymphatic Vessels

... o Macrophages—engulf and destroy foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign cells o Lymphocytes—respond to foreign substances in the lymphatic system ...
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BIOTIC STRESSES

... • Race b/w effort to adapt and potentially lethal processes in protoplasm • Triggered by stress or stress- induced injury (membrane integrity loss) • Some- enable plant to acclimatize to stress ...
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... • White blood cells within tissue, have a role in innate and adaptive immunity • They engulf pathogens and debris via phagocytosis, and move around via amoeboid movement ...
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... • 3 Types: CD4+ (TH1 and TH2) and CD8 (CTLs) • Differences Between Naïve and Effectors – Easy to activate – Increased expression of adhesion molecules – Production of soluble and membrane bound effectors molecules ...
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... and virology. The concepts and methods of these disciplines are fundamental to the study of the immune system and as such, this course aims to provide students with an appreciation of the interdisciplinary relationship between these subjects. This course is designed to introduce the molecular and ce ...
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... response characterized by a rapid induction of proinflammatory cytokines and accompanied by headache, myalgias, (pain in multiple muscles) nausea, diarrhea, erythema, vasodilatation, and hypotension. Within 12 to 16 hours after infusion, they became critically ill, with pulmonary infiltrates and lun ...
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1. Overview of Innate Immunity The Body`s Defenses

ProMetic BioSciences Inc., Laval, Québec, Canada
ProMetic BioSciences Inc., Laval, Québec, Canada

... reduction of the over-expression or overproduction of TGF-β, MCP-1, CTGF, IL-6 and IL-23. Interestingly, MCP-1 is also an important inducer of fibrocyte precursor migration in tissue. Fibrocyte differentiation, resident fibroblast activation and EMT are the key sources of activated myofibroblasts an ...
Chapter 16: Innate Immunity
Chapter 16: Innate Immunity

... Cytolysis by Complement • C3b binds to outer membrane of Gram- bacteria and splits C5 into C5a & C5b • C5b on the outer membrane then recruits C6, C7, & C8 • the C5b-C8 complex triggers multiple C9 proteins to complete the circular membrane attack ...
Discussion of a Recent Paper on Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis:
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... for answers that could spur the development of new treatments for sIBM. One approach might be to identify the muscle antigen to which the T cells bind in sIBM patients (the antigen “flag”) and develop a monoclonal antibody treatment that prevents the T cells from binding. If successful, such a treat ...
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... exerting effects on cell behaviour, liberation and/or activation of functionally important molecules and ‘neutralisation’ of infective agents. Its multiplicity of effects, direct or indirect, not surprisingly has made it one of the central parts of the crustacean immune system to be targeted for up- ...
Novel Cytokines in Infection and Immunity
Novel Cytokines in Infection and Immunity

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... • Beyond their role as a physical barrier, the skin and mucous membranes counter pathogens with chemical defenses. – sweat glands give the skin a pH ranging from 3 to 5; acidic enough to prevent colonization by many microbes. – Also inhibited by the washing action of saliva, tears, and mucous secre ...
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... histamines will be released. This causes an allergic reaction. If you can get antibodies from your blood stream to bind to these allergens first, before they reach the mast cells, you will not have allergic reactions. Antihistamines have the same shape as allergens and can be used to block the cell ...
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AP® BIOLOGY 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)

video slide - Biology at Mott
video slide - Biology at Mott

... All antigen receptors on a single lymphocyte recognize the same epitope, or antigenic determinant, on an antigen  B cells give rise to plasma cells, which secrete proteins called antibodies or immunoglobulins ...
슬라이드 제목 없음
슬라이드 제목 없음

... The lymphocyte is an agranular cell with very clear cytoplasm which stains pale blue. Its nucleus is very large for the size of the cell and stains dark purple. This cell is much smaller than the three granulocytes (which are all about the same size). These cells play an important role in our immune ...
Physiology Lecture 10
Physiology Lecture 10

... The cytokines known as multipotent growth factor-1, IL-1, and IL-3 have general effects, stimulating the development of different types of white blood cells. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) specifically stimulate the development of neutrophils. Granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating f ...
integumentary, immune and lymphatic systems
integumentary, immune and lymphatic systems

... Parts of the System - consists of specialized cells and organs that respond to the presence of a pathogen • skin – body’s first line of defense (also part of integumentary system) • white blood cells – recognize disease agents (antigens) and create antibodies to tag and remove these antigens. Macro ...
Part 2 - Ecology of forest diseases, differences between native and
Part 2 - Ecology of forest diseases, differences between native and

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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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