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lec 9-17
lec 9-17

... Myasthenia gravis (MG): autoimmune disease where Abs destroy or block receptors for acetylcholine (Ach), a neurotransmitter. Causes muscle paralysis. First attacks small muscles especially those that keep eyes open; will spread to diaphragm  death. To stave off effects, do thymectomy. Thymus still ...
Contribution of Renal Tubule Epithelial Cells in the Innate Immune
Contribution of Renal Tubule Epithelial Cells in the Innate Immune

... some of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system. A number of studies have implicated RTECs, together with bone marrow-derived cells, in triggering an innate immune response to bacterial infection and/or ischemic stress. RTECs expressing TLR4, which recognizes lipopolysaccharide (L ...
Exploiting Amoeboid and Non-Vertebrate Animal Model Systems to Study the
Exploiting Amoeboid and Non-Vertebrate Animal Model Systems to Study the

... originally evolved during the interaction of fungi with environmental predators [15], including insects such as D. melanogaster, that primarily consume plant saprophytic or pathogenic fungi. Similarly, many bacterial virulence factors, especially in opportunistic environmental pathogens such as Pseu ...
Caspase-2-Dependent Dendritic Cell Death, Maturation, and
Caspase-2-Dependent Dendritic Cell Death, Maturation, and

... the past decade [14,15,16,17,18,19]. Brucella has been found to be one of the few bacterial pathogens that can infect and multiply inside DC cells. Billard et al. presented direct evidence for a great susceptibility of human monocyte-derived DCs to infections of smooth virulent B. suis, B. abortus, ...
Louis Pasteur Vs Antoine Béchamp and The Germ Theory of
Louis Pasteur Vs Antoine Béchamp and The Germ Theory of

Sequence analysis of T-cell repertoires in health and disease
Sequence analysis of T-cell repertoires in health and disease

... encountered during life. Fundamentally, this capacity is manifested as TCR structural diversity, which is in turn the result of VDJ recombination. This process, which occurs in T cells during their maturation in the thymus, is well characterized [22,58], and we review only a few key points relevant ...
human monoclonal antibody technology.
human monoclonal antibody technology.

Transmission of a fatal clonal tumor by biting occurs carnivorous marsupial
Transmission of a fatal clonal tumor by biting occurs carnivorous marsupial

... decreased devil numbers by 50% since its appearance in 1996, with some populations declining by 90% (5). Although DFTD is widespread across eastern Tasmania, it has not yet been observed in northwestern populations (5). Pearse and Swift (2) proposed that DFTD cells are transferred between individual ...
DDMI II BSC MICRO elearning
DDMI II BSC MICRO elearning

... C. Screening for this pathogen during pregnancy has reduced the incidence of neonatal sepsis. D. These organisms are b-hemolytic. E. They are important causes of urinary tract infections and bacteremia in elderly and diabetic adults. Correct Answer: A 5.Which of the following statements about the 23 ...
Animal Models to Study Adult Stem Cell-derived, In Vitro
Animal Models to Study Adult Stem Cell-derived, In Vitro

$doc.title

... et al. , 1995, modified VP3 of BTV and investigated the effect on CLP formation. Sequences were inserted at three internal sites and at the carboxy term inal of VP3. All mutants with the exception of one at an internal site were able to form CLP's, indicating that VP3 can accommodate foreign sequenc ...
Effect of a Mangosteen Dietary Supplement on Human Immune
Effect of a Mangosteen Dietary Supplement on Human Immune

... ABSTRACT The effect of a mangosteen product containing multivitamins and essential minerals was tested on immune function and well-being in healthy adults. A randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted in 59 healthy human subjects (40–60 years old). Changes from baseline immun ...
Janeway's Immunology
Janeway's Immunology

... Connection between molecular structure and function in the immune System Connection between cellular and humoral innate immunity ...
written report
written report

... lasts from 2-14 days and a rash that may be seen from 3-8 days (“Detailed Guide,” 2005). Diagnosis is typically done through blood testing, but even after a diagnosis is made, treatment is still experimental. It is important for patients to understand that although both KS and HHV-8 can be treated, ...
Complex splicing in the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) family
Complex splicing in the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) family

... expression. (3) Furthermore, within the ER, p12 interacts with the heavy α chain of MHC-I molecules preventing its association with the β2 microglobulin (β2 m) and leads to its degradation by the proteasome. Thus, it entails a decrease of MHC-I expression at the cell surface. MHC-I down-regulation e ...
Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Childhood Celiac Disease
Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Childhood Celiac Disease

... suggesting a deteriorated capacity of de novo TCR gene rearrangement in local T cell development and / or of secondary TCR gene rearrangement during editing or antigen-driven revision. This may lead to an imbalance between thymus- and gut derived T lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa with consequen ...
cell loss caused by simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)
cell loss caused by simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)

... immunodeficiency virus SHIV89.6p from acute CD4+ T-cell loss and delay progression to AIDS. However, similar strategies have not proven as efficacious in the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)mac model of AIDS, an infection that causes a slow, steady loss of CD4+ T-cell function and numbers in rhes ...
Reduced expression of the ab T-cell antigen receptor by alveolar T-cells
Reduced expression of the ab T-cell antigen receptor by alveolar T-cells

... same way as for the single-colour analysis. For evaluating TCR expression on memory and naive blood T-cells separately, 56105 blood mononuclear cells in a 50 mL aliquot of PBS containing azide and 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) were first stained with 5 mL of TCR-1 for 30 min at 48C, followed by st ...
Immune homeostasis in the respiratory tract and its impact on
Immune homeostasis in the respiratory tract and its impact on

Airgas template - Morgan Community College
Airgas template - Morgan Community College

... transplants from other men ...
Reduced immune responses after vaccination with a recombinant
Reduced immune responses after vaccination with a recombinant

36.4 How Does the Adaptive Immune System Recognize Invaders?
36.4 How Does the Adaptive Immune System Recognize Invaders?

... 36.3 What Are the Key Components of the Adaptive Immune System?  Immune cells – The adaptive immune response is produced by interactions among several types of white blood cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes – Macrophages and dendritic cells play a role in both the innate ...


... while integrating multiple environmental cues to determine the context of these signals. Efficiency is important for T cells for several reasons: T cell receptors (TCRs) must be able to recognize a few activating peptide-MHC (pMHC) complexes (∼10) in a sea of selfpMHC on the surface of an antigen-pre ...
FMB - E
FMB - E

... Ameter is the standard for length in the metric system. Akilogram is the standard for mass in the metric system. A gram uses the same prefixes as a meter to specify the number of grams that are represented by a value. For example, a kilometer is 1,000 meters and a kilogram is 1,000 grams. This makes ...
Toll-like receptors as therapeutic targets in cystic fibrosis.
Toll-like receptors as therapeutic targets in cystic fibrosis.

... notably those leading to the activation of NF-κB and the interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) [41,42]. Activation of AP1 and the MAPKs jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 [43] are other classical signals regulated by TLR signalling. Agonist-induced hom ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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