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Lactobacillus casei in a malnourished mouse model P G
Lactobacillus casei in a malnourished mouse model P G

... the values obtained for well-nourished controls (Table 2). We studied the percentages of PMN and lymphocytes (L) by counting 100 cells of each type in stained blood smears. It showed that the malnutrition diet induced a slight decrease in the percentage of PMN and proportional increase of L, while t ...
Importance of Mast Cells in Human Periapical Inflammatory Lesions
Importance of Mast Cells in Human Periapical Inflammatory Lesions

Modeling the three stages in HIV infection
Modeling the three stages in HIV infection

Human T Cell Memory: A Dynamic View
Human T Cell Memory: A Dynamic View

... chromosome damage [8]. More recently, studies with Ki67 staining have shown that memory T cells have higher proliferation rates than naive T cells [9,10]. Finally, direct measurement of cellular lifespans using in vivo stable isotope labelling has shown that memory T cells are much shorter-lived tha ...
Enhancement of natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity by fever
Enhancement of natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity by fever

... component in the regulation of NK cell function, one that appears to significantly enhance the cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood-derived, human NK cells against tumor targets. In a series of experiments, freshly isolated human NK cells from the peripheral blood of normal donors were cocultured ...
Review IL-23 and IL-27
Review IL-23 and IL-27

... recognition that the ability of innate cells to recognize conserved molecular patterns shared among large classes of pathogens provides specific information required to tailor the development of appropriate adaptive responses. Thus, the inflammatory environment established by the innate response influe ...
ImmunoGuard - Be A Champion USA
ImmunoGuard - Be A Champion USA

... glycosides which possess immune enhancing effects.* The Reishi mushroom is also an edible mushroom, and scientific investigations have repeatedly confirmed its benefits for general health.* Active components in this mushroom are also involved in the activation of immune cells and responses.* Rich in ...
Bacterial Agglutination
Bacterial Agglutination

... word agglutination comes from the Latin agglutinare, meaning "to glue to." Serology – a science that studies bloodserum and immune responses that are found in it. O antigen – carbohydrate antigen within the wall of microorganism H antigen – flagellar components that also act as an antigen ...
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... • The SPO Virtual Classrooms offer many educational resources, including practice test questions, review questions, lecture PowerPoints, video tutorials, sample assignments and course syllabi. New materials are continually being developed, so check back frequently, or follow us on Facebook (Science ...
English Summary
English Summary

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Manifestation of ulcerative lichen planus and
Manifestation of ulcerative lichen planus and

... and to compare the reliability of two different methods: anaerobic culture and the DNA hybridization technique was verified that in at least one periodontal pathogenic bacterium was found in seven of 24 cases. Bacterial species present were Treponema denticola (three cases), Porphyromonas gingivalis ...
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Regulation of immunity during visceral Leishmania infection

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REVIEWS - Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie
REVIEWS - Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie

... mycobacterial survival9. So mycobacteria can survive and replicate intracellularly through other strategies that protect them from subsequent attack by antimicrobial components in the phagosomal maturation pathway. Phagosomal maturation involves a series of sequential fusion events with various vesi ...
Heart Allograft Tolerance Regulatory Cells: Relevance to
Heart Allograft Tolerance Regulatory Cells: Relevance to

... Jose R. Torrealba, Joseph L. Bobadilla, Hans W. Sollinger, Stuart J. Knechtle and William J. Burlingham ...
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T Lymphocytes Negatively Regulate Lymph Node Lymphatic Vessel

... the LNLV pattern almost returned to the baseline state (Figures 3A, 3C, and 3E), indicating that T cells have negative influence on LNLV growth. Based on these findings, we speculated that one or more cytokines secreted by the T cells might interfere with LNLV growth. Among the cytokines secreted by ...
HPV Clearance and the Neglected Role of Stochasticity
HPV Clearance and the Neglected Role of Stochasticity

... Infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for a large fraction of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers in both women and men. Over 90% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV infections, and up to 60% of squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva, vagina, anus and penis are associated wi ...
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Notice: Archived Document
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Notice: Archived Document

... U.S. Food and Drug Administration ...
投影片 1 - Imapac
投影片 1 - Imapac

...  Activate T-cell immune responses by Antigen Presenting cells (DC) Pro-inflammatory cytokines release ...
Immunology and Immunodeficiency for the Hematologist
Immunology and Immunodeficiency for the Hematologist

... either an adult or a newborn. Thus a is incorrect as is b. While the low CD4 count raises the possibility of HIV, the absolute number of CD8 cells being low at 8% x 2000 = 160 argues against this, and the family history is much more suggestive of SCID than HIV infection. Also, HIV antibody testing o ...
Host-pathogen interaction using Dictyostelium discoideum as
Host-pathogen interaction using Dictyostelium discoideum as

... During evolution pathogenic bacteria have found ways to avoid being killed by the amoeba [7]. For example, some bacteria have evolved ways of reside inside the amoebae and use it for their benefit [13]. Since the bacteria have evolved mechanisms to resist predators in nature, the bacteria can also u ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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