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Staphylococcus aureus infection induces protein A–mediated
Staphylococcus aureus infection induces protein A–mediated

... idiotype B cells. The effects of SpA during natural infection, however, have not been addressed. Acutely activated B cells, or plasmablasts (PBs), were analyzed to dissect the ongoing immune response to infection through the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The B cells that were activated ...
III. Immunosuppression and TLRs - HAL
III. Immunosuppression and TLRs - HAL

... fumigatus (36-38). Accordingly, when PMN are absent or their number are very low such as during chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, TLR2 and/or TLR4 expressed by resident lung cells may be the most effective sensing receptors. Whereas several immunosuppressive drugs may result in similar host suscepti ...
Bacterial complement evasion
Bacterial complement evasion

... complexes. The recognition molecules of the LP are mannanbinding lectin (MBL) and ficolin (L-, H- or M-ficolin) (Fujita, 2004). These lectins are structurally similar to C1q. MBL binds in a Ca2+ -dependent manner to the target via its C-type lectin domains, which recognize neutral sugars (preferenti ...
PDF 3389 KB - UC Davis Biomedical Engineering
PDF 3389 KB - UC Davis Biomedical Engineering

Deletion of the Zinc-Binding Motif of CD13
Deletion of the Zinc-Binding Motif of CD13

Mesenchymal stem cells in immunoregulation
Mesenchymal stem cells in immunoregulation

... T cells: Well-defined targets for MSC suppression T cells are a major executor of the adaptive immune response. In vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed the immunosuppressive effects of MSC on T cells.15,25 MSC inhibit the proliferation of T cells stimulated by allogeneic T cells,26 cognate antig ...
PDF
PDF

... then sectioned and stained, verified the assumption that the spleens of these stage 50-51 larvae were well on the way to completing lymphoid maturation: white pulp areas were evident which in many cases were delineated by wellformed boundary layers and which were populated by numerous lymphoid cells ...
Identification of Immunogenic Human Melanoma Antigens in a
Identification of Immunogenic Human Melanoma Antigens in a

of innate immunity
of innate immunity

... Innate vs. Adaptive Immune Recognition Adaptive immune recognition: 1. Antigen (Ag) receptors on T & B lymphocytes. 2. These Ag receptors generated by “somatic gene recombination” 3. They recognize diverse Antigens (peptides) from microbes or non-self. ...
The Body`s Defenses
The Body`s Defenses

... Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Article by Onur Boyman et al. Current Opin. Immunol. 2007
Article by Onur Boyman et al. Current Opin. Immunol. 2007

Mouse Cytomegalovirus infection overrules T Open Access
Mouse Cytomegalovirus infection overrules T Open Access

... the relationship between Tregs and NK cells, we investigated the effect of Treg depletion on NK cells during acute MCMV infection. We found that under homeostatic conditions, DEREG mice that were depleted of Tregs showed significantly higher frequencies of NK cells with comparable NK cell number aft ...
Kinetics of tumor-specific T-cell response development after active
Kinetics of tumor-specific T-cell response development after active

... peptide immunization is a reflection of a patient’s immune competence and their ability to be immunized, detection of protein-specific response implies that the native protein was taken up by APCs and processed so that the natural peptide epitope presented by the APC class II MHC molecules was in co ...
The regulation of B cell responses in systemic autoimmunity
The regulation of B cell responses in systemic autoimmunity

Principles of Vaccination - Dow University of Health Sciences
Principles of Vaccination - Dow University of Health Sciences

... • For some vaccines e.g. HPV: – Vaccination initiates an immune response (immunogenicity) – Identification of the seroprotective threshold requires measurement of antibody levels in vaccinees who develop the disease (vaccine failures) – 5-year data shows that HPV vaccine efficacy is almost 100%, as ...
Intestinal epithelial cells: regulators of barrier function and immune
Intestinal epithelial cells: regulators of barrier function and immune

... regulate macrophage and adaptive T cell responses during inflammation and, in the setting of nematode infection, directly inhibit parasite chemotaxis24,25. Intestinal barrier function is further reinforced by the secretion of AMPs by IECs. Enterocytes are capable of producing some AMPs, such as the ...
Lab on a Chip PAPER - Mechanical Engineering
Lab on a Chip PAPER - Mechanical Engineering

... and 10% (v/v) heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco). Cells were maintained at 37 uC with 5% CO2 and 100% humidity. To determine specificity of cellular activation, in some studies, THP-1 cells were ‘‘deactivated’’ or ‘‘reprogrammed’’ to a state of immune paralysis by culturing in the comp ...
Garcia 1..9
Garcia 1..9

... The 12 clinical trials published so far suggest that DC immunotherapy in HIV-1 infection can elicit HIV-1–specific immunological responses. However, only four of these studies reported virological responses to immunization (14, 15, 21, 22), three have not assessed virological responses (17, 20, 23), ...
Nerve activates contraction
Nerve activates contraction

... Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Increased frequencies of pulmonary regulatory T-cells in latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Increased frequencies of pulmonary regulatory T-cells in latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

... control of the mycobacteria or with progression to active disease could be identified. Regulatory T-lymphocytes (Treg cells) are involved in the maintenance of self-tolerance and the control of immune responses to foreign antigens [10]. Several types of Treg cells have been described and their pheno ...
Neurohormonal-cytokine interactions: Implications for
Neurohormonal-cytokine interactions: Implications for

... diseases in view of their multiple manifestations. These diseases are associated with a marked negative impact on quality of life, manifested as absence from work/school, impairment of leisure time and sleep disturbances. Mast cells and Eo play an important role in allergic reactions, where tissue m ...
Three-Dimensional Rotating Wall Vessel
Three-Dimensional Rotating Wall Vessel

Cells, Molecules and Mechanisms Involved in the Neuro
Cells, Molecules and Mechanisms Involved in the Neuro

The testis in immune privilege
The testis in immune privilege

... or systemic infection, whereas subacute or chronic asymptomatic inflammation of the testis including non-infectious disease is difficult to diagnose and therefore likely to be ignored (22). The classification of orchitis in humans depends on the etiology of the condition and can be caused by traumat ...
Program
Program

... Experimental therapy with newly developed drugs in humans is limited by technical and ethical restrictions. In contrast, studies in mouse models can circumvent some of these limitations. Mouse models in immunology are a tool for understanding human diseases. Mice are the mainstay of in vivo immunolo ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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