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“No donor”? Consider a haploidentical transplant ⁎ Stefan O. Ciurea ,
“No donor”? Consider a haploidentical transplant ⁎ Stefan O. Ciurea ,

... stem cell transplant who do not have an HLA-matched donor, because it is cheaper, can be performed faster, and may extend transplantation to virtually all patients in need. Significant advances have been made in the recent decade with dramatic improvement in treatment outcomes. Historically, overcomi ...
Intervention (Mild and Moderate Reactions)
Intervention (Mild and Moderate Reactions)

... infect individual cells; others, including many bacteria, divide extracellularly within tissues or body cavities. 2. The cells which mediate immunity include lymphocytes and phagocytes. Lymphocytes recognize antigens on pathogens. Phagocytes internalize pathogens and degrade them 3. An Immune respon ...
Toll-like receptor expression and function in airway epithelial cells
Toll-like receptor expression and function in airway epithelial cells

The surface–mosaic model in host– parasite relationships
The surface–mosaic model in host– parasite relationships

... One problem with these models is that they have neglected the participation of the non-defense proteins that are abundantly expressed in every tissue compartment. We postulate that defense and non-defense proteins compete for binding to the injury-associated surface. The spatial and temporal charact ...
Rheumatoid factors: what`s new?
Rheumatoid factors: what`s new?

Stem Cells EBC
Stem Cells EBC

... • T cells regulation are crucial in maintaining healthy skin when we mention diseases such as psoriasis, skin cancer and dyspigmentation. • Langerhans cells which originate from the bone marrow undergo numeric, functional, and morphologic changes after UV exposure, resulting in their depletion from ...
Review articles Interactions between potentially pathogenic fungi
Review articles Interactions between potentially pathogenic fungi

1 INTRODUCTION TO GLOMERULAR DISEASES Goal: understand
1 INTRODUCTION TO GLOMERULAR DISEASES Goal: understand

APŽVALGINIS STRAIPSNIS
APŽVALGINIS STRAIPSNIS

... which are then killed as mycobacteria multiply producing local inflammation. Other phagocytic cells and neutrophils are also involved (1, 6). Granuloma may be formed. Some mycobacteria are transported to hilum of the lungs where they can form the primary complex. Th1 cells surround the granuloma of ...
Difference in cytokine production and cell cycle
Difference in cytokine production and cell cycle

... protein 1 (LMP1) and two other viral proteins, EBNA1 and LMP2 in addition to small RNAs, termed EBER 1 and 2 [2]. LMP1 is a multifunctional oncoprotein essential for EBV-induced B-cell proliferation and transformation in vitro [3], as it shares several features with CD40, a member of the tumor necro ...
Provisional Subject Strand Information
Provisional Subject Strand Information

Review
Review

... host cell and contribute to pathogen virulence is unknown. Pathogens produce small molecule effectors that mimic plant hormones. Some P syringae strains make coronatine, a jasmonic acid mimic that suppresses salicylic-acid-mediated defence to biotrophic pathogens49 and induces stomatal opening, help ...
Population dynamics of immune repertoires
Population dynamics of immune repertoires

... which we describe now. The general idea behind this class of models is that one important signal for which lymphocytes compete comes from antigens. Strong antigenic recognition by mature lymphocytes generally triggers clonal expansion into effector and memory cells. These strong signals are usually ...
Cross-reactivity of anti-human cytokine monoclonal
Cross-reactivity of anti-human cytokine monoclonal

... (R1) (Figure 2). Cytokine-expressing lymphocyte cell subpopulations were quantified using Fluorescence 1 (FL1)/VOID versus Fluorescence 2 (FL2)/anti-cytokine-PE dot plots, by setting quadrants to segregate FL2 positive and negative cells on the basis of negative control immunostaining. The results a ...
Epithelial antimicrobial peptides and proteins: their role in
Epithelial antimicrobial peptides and proteins: their role in

... Recruitment of leukocytes is an essential element in the defence against infections. It results in the influx of phagocytes which ingest and kill the invading microorganisms and includes cells, essential in the initiation and propagation of a specific immune response. Inflammatory cells may cause ti ...
Tissue adaptation: implications for gut immunity and
Tissue adaptation: implications for gut immunity and

Review: The microstructure of secondary lymphoid organs that
Review: The microstructure of secondary lymphoid organs that

...  One striking feature of the organization of all the secondary lymphoid organs is that the T and B cells are largely segregated into different anatomical compartments, a process directed to a large extent by chem okines and adhesion molecules. This segregation may have developed for creating a micro ...
Mini-review - Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal
Mini-review - Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

... switching the composition of an antigen. Pathogens commonly interact with hosts through proteins or other macromolecules on their cell surface; those that incite immune response from the host are designated as antigens. Phenotypic variation is subject to evolution if that variation allows these mole ...
Document
Document

... cells in the hemolymph, known as hemocytes. Three main morphological classes of hemocytes have been identified: plasmatocytes, crystal cells and lamellocytes (Rizki and Rizki, 1980; Brehélin, 1982). The plasmatocytes, round cells with a diameter of 8-10, µm make up >95% of the circulating hemocytes. ...
Immunology and Evolution of Infectious Disease
Immunology and Evolution of Infectious Disease

... strong pressure from natural selection and therefore which antigens are likely to vary over space and time. To understand immunodominance, I step through the dynamic processes that regulate an immune response and determine which recognition specificities become amplified. Chapter 7 considers the ways ...
A 205-Nucleotide Deletion in the 3= Untranslated Region of Avian
A 205-Nucleotide Deletion in the 3= Untranslated Region of Avian

HN proteins of human parainfluenza type 4A virus expressed in cell
HN proteins of human parainfluenza type 4A virus expressed in cell

... infectivity in culture fluids was titrated. Formaldehyde (2.2%) treatment abolished the haemadsorbing and leukadsorbing activities of the virus-infected cells, and 0.275% formaldehyde completely blocked virus production (Table 1). Subsequently, virus-infected cells (approximately 2 x 10~) treated wi ...
pdf
pdf

... basis for the systematic classification of amCELLS/ML, PREDICTED monium-oxidizing bacteria. The strains of marine, freshwater, and soil ammonium oxidizers we examined did exhibit antigenic similarity in ...
Homophilic Adhesion between Ig Superfamily Carcinoembryonic
Homophilic Adhesion between Ig Superfamily Carcinoembryonic



... dream of clinicians and scientists for many years. Although, the ultimate goal is yet to be achieved, significant progress has already been made in terms of our knowledge and understanding of the process of carcinogenesis. Besides the conventional modes of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, imm ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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