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Disease
Disease

... 2. Innate immune responses are initiated by recognition of common microbial structures (PAMPs) by - Provide the first line of host defense - Activate and regulate the adaptive immunity 3. Adaptive immune responses are initiated by recognition of foreign antigens by specific lymphocytes. - Provide mo ...
Integrated Analysis of MicroRNA, mRNA, and Protein Expression
Integrated Analysis of MicroRNA, mRNA, and Protein Expression

... MultiOmyx, a novel hyperplexed multi ”omic” technology, enables visualization and characterization of multiple biomarkers across multiple assays on a single 4μm tissue section. MultiOmyx protein immunofluorescence (IF) assays utilize a pair of directly conjugated Cyanine dye-labeled (Cy3, Cy5) antib ...
University of Zurich - Zurich Open Repository and Archive
University of Zurich - Zurich Open Repository and Archive

... at peak clinical stage were paralleled by changes in the activation state of the TILs, we characterized the phenotype of TILs for both tumor locations. CD4- and CD8-positive TILs were stained for L-selectin (CD62L), the very early activation antigen CD69, the adhesion receptor CD44 and the IL-2 rece ...
Microbiology - Textbooks Online
Microbiology - Textbooks Online

3-17. Protein Splicing
3-17. Protein Splicing

... -Changes in redox environment can greatly affect protein structure and function : cysteine residues in proteins are usually fully reduced to –SH groups inside the cell but are readily oxidized to disulfide bond when secreted. ...
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus

... located on the cell surface but is also released into the culture medium during the cell growth. A unique property of protein A is its ability to bind to the Fc part of all IgG molecules except IgG3. It is not an antigen-antibody specific reaction. ...
Bcl-2: Regulator of the Cellular Life-or
Bcl-2: Regulator of the Cellular Life-or

... Model for apoptosis: C. elegans • Lineage of all somatic cells known • 131 cells undergo programmed cell death • CED-1 mutants ...
STUDIES ON THE IMMOBILIZATION ANTIGENS OF PARAMECIUM
STUDIES ON THE IMMOBILIZATION ANTIGENS OF PARAMECIUM

Cutaneous Lymphomas - Abdel Hamid Derm Atlas
Cutaneous Lymphomas - Abdel Hamid Derm Atlas

... Lymphomas are initially divided into two large groups: Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin. Hodgkin lymphomas affect mainly cervical lymph nodes in adults. Their absolute incidence does not seem to have changed, as opposed to the evident increased incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The latter are further divid ...
i. introduction
i. introduction

... prehistoric times and proverbs analogous to “Healthy body – healthy mind” exist in many languages. A century ago pathologists noted first that the size of the thymus was profoundly influenced by emotional events and by neuroendocrine aberrations. Hans Selye discovered first (1936) that the hypothala ...
Distribution and Phenotype of Epstein-Barr Virus
Distribution and Phenotype of Epstein-Barr Virus

... EBV IN HODGKIN'S DISEASE ...
GENERAL BACTERIOLOGY 1. Bacterial cell
GENERAL BACTERIOLOGY 1. Bacterial cell

... Motility is clearly important to many bacteria and probably serves mainly to place the cell in environments favourable to growth and free from noxious influences. In some cases possession of flagella is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of disease. Fimbriae and pili Many bacteria possess fil ...
Immune infiltrate estimation: review of methods for deriving cell type
Immune infiltrate estimation: review of methods for deriving cell type

... predictions of immune infiltrate cell type abundances. These distinctive transcriptional profiles are often called unique expression “barcodes” (seemingly named for the heatmaps commonly used to visualize microarray data). We now examine two methods that extract representative expression profiles. [ ...
Transgenic Plants in Therapeutically Valuable Protein Production
Transgenic Plants in Therapeutically Valuable Protein Production

... about the classes of proteins that can be produced and they do not perform posttranslational modifications. Consequently, the focus turned to eukaryotic hosts: yeast, insect and mammalian cell cultures and transgenic animals. Although mammalian cell cultures and yeast have been the main expression s ...
Tail Class I Molecules through Their Cytoplasmic Surface Display of
Tail Class I Molecules through Their Cytoplasmic Surface Display of

... expressed in a temporal cascade, with initial production of immediate early (IE) transactivators triggering induction of early genes, including enzymes required for viral replication (2). This is followed by expression of late genes encoding virion structural components. Thus, the lytic phase create ...
Elucidating Host-Pathogen Interactions Based on Post
Elucidating Host-Pathogen Interactions Based on Post

... Accepted: 09 November 2015 Published: 20 November 2015 Citation: Ravikumar V, Jers C and Mijakovic I (2015) Elucidating Host–Pathogen Interactions Based on Post-Translational Modifications Using Proteomics Approaches. Front. Microbiol. 6:1312. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01312 ...
cell biology of cancer
cell biology of cancer

... pharmacology was observed using the Chou-Talalay combination index method. Such results suggested that B-I09 can decelerate the growth of CLL either as a single agent or in combination with ibrutinib. Our finding in synergism may be important because B-I09 may help ibrutinib to achieve higher cytoto ...
PDF
PDF

... action against helminth infection is the “walling off” of large bodies through granuloma formation which bears resemblance to the glial scar encountered in central nervous system (CNS) repair.[27] The initiation of the classical inflammatory response is marked by the localization and subsequent act ...
Boric Acid for Recurrent Vaginal Yeast Infections
Boric Acid for Recurrent Vaginal Yeast Infections

... Boric acid is an excellent therapy for recurrent vaginal yeast infections or infections with atypical yeast species, such as Candida glabrata or Candida tropicalis. Boric acid is inexpensive, well tolerated, and allows a woman to be in control of the therapy. Capsules of boric acid should be inserte ...
Markers of melanocytic tumours - iPath
Markers of melanocytic tumours - iPath

Chapter 16
Chapter 16

... that HIV-specific helper T cells are preferentially infected with HIV. This was a plausible postulate, since HIV has MHC-mimicking determinants, and helper T cells are selected to recognize MHC class II antigens. In other words, it was postulated that, in addition to CD4, CXCR4 and CCR5, which are k ...
ESTRUCTURACIÓ DE LA RESPOSTA B A LES
ESTRUCTURACIÓ DE LA RESPOSTA B A LES

... development of the anamnestic immune responses because they are the sites where cells undergo somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation Newly formed GCs are ohgoclonal B cell populations derived from one to three B cell clones 29 30 Somatic hypermutation can generate autoreactive B cells and req ...
Chapter 17 - People Server at UNCW
Chapter 17 - People Server at UNCW

... susceptibility or resistance to infection • Few types of single genes encode antibodies and cytokines that directly attack foreign antigens • Genes also specify the cell surface antigens that mark the body’s cells as self ...
cancer vaccines: between the idea and the reality
cancer vaccines: between the idea and the reality

... in animal models. Successful animal studies encouraged several clinical trials of cancer vaccines on the basis of gene-modified autologous or allogeneic human tumour cells4,5. Just as vaccines that are based on whole pathogens are associated with risks of reactivation and development of disease, who ...
MCB 169: Fall 2015
MCB 169: Fall 2015

... Innate Immunity I (Chapters 2 and 4) Innate immunity II (Chapters 2 and 4) Antibodies and antigens (Chapter 5) Antigen receptors and MHC molecules (Chapter 6) Antigen presentation (Chapter 6) Ig genes and the generation of diversity (Chapter 8) B cell development and tolerance (Chapter 8) T cell dev ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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