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THE INTERLEUKIN-1β-MEDIATED REGULATION OF
THE INTERLEUKIN-1β-MEDIATED REGULATION OF

... hormone. Interestingly, both in vitro and in vivo, activation of the pituitary POMC system by the cytokine elicits an opioid response which is distinct from that evoked upon exposure to stress, suggesting that this opioid system may be differentially regulated by stress and immune system activation. ...
Chagas disease: a role for autoimmunity?
Chagas disease: a role for autoimmunity?

... autoimmunity must be at work in the development of these lesions. These are difficult experiments, and Palomino et al. are to be commended for the exhaustive and high quality analysis of the tissues. However, like earlier investigations that failed to detect T. cruzi in chagasic hearts, these types ...
The role of the thymus in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell
The role of the thymus in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell

... HSCT. Initial numerical recovery is imparted by conditioning-resistant naïve ( ) and memory ( ) host T cells and by mature non-alloreactive T cells ( ) contained in the donor haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) graft. T cells of either origin expand in the periphery and may provide early posttransplant i ...
PPT1 - Ycmou
PPT1 - Ycmou

... in spleen initiate humoral immune response.  Beside immunological function, spleen also serve as major organ of filtration of abnormal lymphocytes and erythrocytes. ...
The Gram Stain (2009)
The Gram Stain (2009)

... “Suggestive of Streptococcus pneumoniae” • Tiny or pleomorphic Gram-negative rods “Suggestive of Haemophilus influenzae” • Gram-negative diplococci “Suggestive of Moraxella ...
Vitamin D Concentrations are Decreased in Patients with Alopecia
Vitamin D Concentrations are Decreased in Patients with Alopecia

... diseases. It was reported that 1,25(OH)2D3 effects the immune system and low concentrations are associated with autoimmune disorders [16]. The associations between serum concentrations of 25(OH)-D and various autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, sistemic lupus erythematosus, romatoid arth ...
Shigellae
Shigellae

26-17 Dendritic cells - McGraw Hill Higher Education
26-17 Dendritic cells - McGraw Hill Higher Education

... which antigens elicit a response and the nature of that response – neutralising and disrupting antibodies – phagocytosis – macrophage activation ...
Cancer Immunotherapies in the Fight against Derived Exosomes as
Cancer Immunotherapies in the Fight against Derived Exosomes as

... parent APC, but it can be improved if Dex are immobilized or their concentration is increased (4, 26). A more efficient means of T cell activation by Dex appears to occur indirectly following Dex interactions with DCs (Fig. 2) (4, 26, 27), and this is likely to be the most fundamental pathway in viv ...
antibody isotyping Guide - Thermo Fisher Scientific
antibody isotyping Guide - Thermo Fisher Scientific

... • IgM Antibody isotypes are categorized according to differences in their amino acid sequence in the constant region (Fc) of the antibody heavy chains. The antibody isotypes IgG and IgA are further grouped into subclasses (e.g. human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2) based on additional small ...
et al - Sift Desk
et al - Sift Desk

... from pre-existing constituents (phytoanticipins), or synthesized de novo in response to pathogen intrusion (phytoalexins) (Laluk & Mengiste 2010) . Secondary metabolites implicated in defense against necrotrophs include derivatives of indole compounds: glucosinolates, phenylpropanoids, fatty acids, ...
ADJUVANTS
ADJUVANTS

... immune responses ? - In culture of lymph node cells from mice immunized with alum it was observed increased IL-1 and IL-4 production and proliferation of T cells. Treatment with anti-IL-4 decreased the proliferation (GRUN & MAURER, 1989) ...
File
File

Apocynin, a plant-derived, cartilage-saving drug, might be useful in
Apocynin, a plant-derived, cartilage-saving drug, might be useful in

... which was mildly enhanced upon bacterial antigen stimulation (on average ~3 times), was slightly stimulated by apocynin: an increase of only 55% in [3H ]thymidine incorporation was observed (not statistically significant; data not shown). Dissociation of T-cell proliferation and cytokine production ...
Serine and Cysteine Proteases and Their Inhibitors as Antimicrobial
Serine and Cysteine Proteases and Their Inhibitors as Antimicrobial

... [fMLP] receptor) for endothelial adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix proteins, bacterial products, and soluble mediators of inflammation [30, 32]. In addition to these molecules, a novel antimicrobial mechanism for neutrophils has recently been described, with the demonstration that neutrophils ...
Differentiation of memory B and T cells
Differentiation of memory B and T cells

... needed for the survival of MBCs, the presence of a BCR on MBCs as well as on naı̈ve B cells is required [20]. B-cell activating factor, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, is important for the survival of naı̈ve B cells [21] as well as plasmablasts derived from MBCs [22]. However, it ...
Basic Components: Structure and Function
Basic Components: Structure and Function

Infectious agents - IARC Publications
Infectious agents - IARC Publications

... Microorganisms are often directly detected in biological fluids by special stains, such as the Gram stain or acridine orange for bacteria; mycobacterial stains, based on the ability of mycobacteria to retain dyes after treatment with alcoholacid decoloriser; nocardia stains; and calcofluor white for ...
Review Article Distinct Functions of Specialized
Review Article Distinct Functions of Specialized

... Notably, anti-dsDNA antibodies may be deposited within plaques, and we detected the presence of immunoglobulin IgG deposits within atherosclerotic arteries [46], in line with previous work [61]. Given that such antibody complexes that contain self-DNA as well as antimicrobial peptides can furthermor ...
Hormonal Contraception and HIV Disease Progression
Hormonal Contraception and HIV Disease Progression

No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... Natural Killer cells have evolved several receptor systems to carry out their function of detecting and eliminating pathogen infected cells and tumour cells during the prolonged period required for the clonal expansion of antigen-specific B and T cells ...
Avian Immunology. Edition No. 2 Brochure
Avian Immunology. Edition No. 2 Brochure

... The book contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system, encompassing the mucosal, enteric, respiratory and reproductive systems. The diseases and disorders it covers include immunodepressive diseases and immune evasion, autoimmune diseases, and tumors of the immune system. Practi ...
IMPROVE IMMunIty
IMPROVE IMMunIty

Naked RNA immunization with replicons derived from poliovirus and
Naked RNA immunization with replicons derived from poliovirus and

... The ongoing antigenic variability of influenza virus surface antigens remains a problem for the production of current commercial vaccines, which principally protect the host by inducing neutralizing antibodies to these antigens and are unable to induce strong mucosal or cellular immune responses. In ...
Characterization of Major Structural Proteins of Measles
Characterization of Major Structural Proteins of Measles

... Protein A-Sepharose as immunoadsorbent column (data not shown). Production ofhybridoma cell lines. Each of the four BALB/c mice was immunized by a different protocol (Table 1). Mouse A received intraperitoneal injection of OG-disrupted whole virus, whereas mice C and D were given the F protein-enric ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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