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Chemistry Chapter 12
Chemistry Chapter 12

... -with limiting reactants are talking about substances on the left hand side of the reaction equation -for this type of problem, must be given the quantity of two different reactants -the reactant that is completely consumed is called the limiting reactant -this substance is usually the more expensiv ...
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... The mole ratio between C3H8 and O2 is __1____C3H8:____5__O2. The mole ratio between C3H8 and CO2 is ___1___C3H8:__3____CO2. The mole ratio between C3H8 and H2O is ___1___C3H8:___4___H2O. The mole ratio between CO2 and O2 is __3____CO2:__5____O2. The mole ratio between H2O and CO2 is __4____H2O:___3_ ...
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... b. What is the ratio of black and white molecules to produce the products? c. How many moles are produced from the moles of the reactants? d. If you double the amount of white molecules (so now you have 8 pairs) but keep the same amount of black molecules, how many molecules can you produce? ...
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... 21. In a chemical equation, if a reactant or product is followed by (aq), it means that the: a. substance is in adequate supply c. reaction is a quick one b. substance is dissolved in water d. equation for the reaction is balanced 22. In a balanced chemical equation, the coefficients are important b ...
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Chemical Reactions

... the maximum amount of product that is formed. The limiting reactant will be completely used up in a reaction. This makes the reaction stop. The other reactant will have some unchanged so it is said to be the excess reactant. For example, if you need to make 10 chicken sandwiches. You have 10 slices ...
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Stoichiometry



Stoichiometry /ˌstɔɪkiˈɒmɨtri/ is the calculation of relative quantities of reactants and products in chemical reactions.Stoichiometry is founded on the law of conservation of mass where the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products leading to the insight that the relations among quantities of reactants and products typically form a ratio of positive integers. This means that if the amounts of the separate reactants are known, then the amount of the product can be calculated. Conversely, if one reactant has a known quantity and the quantity of product can be empirically determined, then the amount of the other reactants can also be calculated.As seen in the image to the right, where the balanced equation is:CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O.Here, one molecule of methane reacts with two molecules of oxygen gas to yield one molecule of carbon dioxide and two molecules of water. Stoichiometry measures these quantitative relationships, and is used to determine the amount of products/reactants that are produced/needed in a given reaction. Describing the quantitative relationships among substances as they participate in chemical reactions is known as reaction stoichiometry. In the example above, reaction stoichiometry measures the relationship between the methane and oxygen as they react to form carbon dioxide and water.Because of the well known relationship of moles to atomic weights, the ratios that are arrived at by stoichiometry can be used to determine quantities by weight in a reaction described by a balanced equation. This is called composition stoichiometry.Gas stoichiometry deals with reactions involving gases, where the gases are at a known temperature, pressure, and volume and can be assumed to be ideal gases. For gases, the volume ratio is ideally the same by the ideal gas law, but the mass ratio of a single reaction has to be calculated from the molecular masses of the reactants and products. In practice, due to the existence of isotopes, molar masses are used instead when calculating the mass ratio.
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