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Chapter 3
Chapter 3

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Title - Iowa State University
Title - Iowa State University

... b. Catalysts are used in very many commercially important chemical reactions. c. Catalytic converters are examples of heterogeneous catalysts. d. A catalyst can cause a nonspontaneous reaction to take place. e. Chlorine radicals catalyzing the destruction of ozone is an example of homogeneous cataly ...
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... N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) → 2NH3 (g) Suppose a chemist mixed 1.00 mol of N2 with 5.00 mol of H2. What is the maximum number of moles of product that could form? Note the coefficients tell us that 1 mol of N2 consumes 3 mol of H2. 1 mol N2 ↔ 3 mol H2 But 5 mol of H2 was used, not 3, so there will be 2 mol of ...
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... Zn. It reacts with HCl by the following reaction Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq)  ZnCl2 (aq) + H2(g) Cu does not react. When 0.5065 g of brass is reacted with excess HCl, 0.0985 g of ZnCl2 are eventually isolated. What is the composition of the brass? ...
Chapter 3 Stoichiometry
Chapter 3 Stoichiometry

... Zn. It reacts with HCl by the following reaction Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq)  ZnCl2 (aq) + H2(g) Cu does not react. When 0.5065 g of brass is reacted with excess HCl, 0.0985 g of ZnCl2 are eventually isolated. What is the composition of the brass? ...
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Review of Moles and Stoichiometry

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Stoichiometry



Stoichiometry /ˌstɔɪkiˈɒmɨtri/ is the calculation of relative quantities of reactants and products in chemical reactions.Stoichiometry is founded on the law of conservation of mass where the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products leading to the insight that the relations among quantities of reactants and products typically form a ratio of positive integers. This means that if the amounts of the separate reactants are known, then the amount of the product can be calculated. Conversely, if one reactant has a known quantity and the quantity of product can be empirically determined, then the amount of the other reactants can also be calculated.As seen in the image to the right, where the balanced equation is:CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O.Here, one molecule of methane reacts with two molecules of oxygen gas to yield one molecule of carbon dioxide and two molecules of water. Stoichiometry measures these quantitative relationships, and is used to determine the amount of products/reactants that are produced/needed in a given reaction. Describing the quantitative relationships among substances as they participate in chemical reactions is known as reaction stoichiometry. In the example above, reaction stoichiometry measures the relationship between the methane and oxygen as they react to form carbon dioxide and water.Because of the well known relationship of moles to atomic weights, the ratios that are arrived at by stoichiometry can be used to determine quantities by weight in a reaction described by a balanced equation. This is called composition stoichiometry.Gas stoichiometry deals with reactions involving gases, where the gases are at a known temperature, pressure, and volume and can be assumed to be ideal gases. For gases, the volume ratio is ideally the same by the ideal gas law, but the mass ratio of a single reaction has to be calculated from the molecular masses of the reactants and products. In practice, due to the existence of isotopes, molar masses are used instead when calculating the mass ratio.
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