`Candidatus Phytoplasma mali`, `Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri` and
... 16S rDNA, have revealed that phytoplasmas constitute a coherent, genus-level taxon. In the monophyletic phytoplasma clade, groups and subgroups have been delineated, many of which are being considered as putative species under the provisional status ‘Candidatus’ (Seemüller et al., 2002) for incompl ...
... 16S rDNA, have revealed that phytoplasmas constitute a coherent, genus-level taxon. In the monophyletic phytoplasma clade, groups and subgroups have been delineated, many of which are being considered as putative species under the provisional status ‘Candidatus’ (Seemüller et al., 2002) for incompl ...
Conserved syntenic clusters of protein coding genes are missing in birds
... previous assembly (for example, [20]), and yielded significant BLAT-alignments for approximately 96% of genes from a positive control search set consisting of randomly selected lizard gene models with known orthologs in birds). Lastly, this subset found in other avian species cannot be found in the ...
... previous assembly (for example, [20]), and yielded significant BLAT-alignments for approximately 96% of genes from a positive control search set consisting of randomly selected lizard gene models with known orthologs in birds). Lastly, this subset found in other avian species cannot be found in the ...
Strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Other
... The presence of smooth LPS modifies the genetic properties of LT2 for transduction, conjugation, and transformation. The strains most commonly used in genetic analysis of E. coli are K-12 and B; both are rough mutants lacking the O (somatic) side chain of the LPS (55, 63). However, S. typhimurium LT ...
... The presence of smooth LPS modifies the genetic properties of LT2 for transduction, conjugation, and transformation. The strains most commonly used in genetic analysis of E. coli are K-12 and B; both are rough mutants lacking the O (somatic) side chain of the LPS (55, 63). However, S. typhimurium LT ...
Functional and structural roles of parasite-specific inserts in the bifunctional S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase/ornithine
... The collected size-exclusion chromatography fractions were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes using a BioDot apparatus (Bio-Rad) and analysed by dot blot Western. The membranes were blocked in 3% w/v low fat milk powder in lxPBS for 16 hours at 4°C followed by incubation with a 1:4000 dilution ...
... The collected size-exclusion chromatography fractions were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes using a BioDot apparatus (Bio-Rad) and analysed by dot blot Western. The membranes were blocked in 3% w/v low fat milk powder in lxPBS for 16 hours at 4°C followed by incubation with a 1:4000 dilution ...
Absence of translationally selected synonymous codon usage
... protein-encoding sequences, which were extracted using WWW-Query at the PBIL (Po# le Bio-Informatique Lyonnais) World Wide Web site (http :}}pbil.univ-lyon1.fr}). A number of genes were excluded from our main analyses. Twenty-six genes occur in the 40 kb cag pathogenicity island, which has a differe ...
... protein-encoding sequences, which were extracted using WWW-Query at the PBIL (Po# le Bio-Informatique Lyonnais) World Wide Web site (http :}}pbil.univ-lyon1.fr}). A number of genes were excluded from our main analyses. Twenty-six genes occur in the 40 kb cag pathogenicity island, which has a differe ...
part 1 (council decision 2002/813/ec) summary
... Summary of the potential environmental impact of the release of the GMOs. The GMO is a severely attenuated strain of the human-specific pathogen Salmonella typhi expressing a Hepatitis B antigen and is intended for use as an immunotherapy for Hepatitis B infection. The immunotherapy will be given or ...
... Summary of the potential environmental impact of the release of the GMOs. The GMO is a severely attenuated strain of the human-specific pathogen Salmonella typhi expressing a Hepatitis B antigen and is intended for use as an immunotherapy for Hepatitis B infection. The immunotherapy will be given or ...
jing is required for wing development and to establish the
... screened an imaginal disc cDNA library constructed in λgt10 using a fragment of genomic DNA adjacent to the P element insertion site as probe. We identified four independent partial clones that were grouped into two non-overlapping families. Our cDNAs, together with additional cDNAs identified by BD ...
... screened an imaginal disc cDNA library constructed in λgt10 using a fragment of genomic DNA adjacent to the P element insertion site as probe. We identified four independent partial clones that were grouped into two non-overlapping families. Our cDNAs, together with additional cDNAs identified by BD ...
Tracing the Thread of Plastid Diversity through the Tapestry of Life
... The Thread of Plastid Diversity Herrmann 1998). Those plastid proteins not encoded in the plastid genome are encoded in the nuclear genome and must be targeted to the plastid. Three mechanisms underlie this reduction of the plastid genome; gene loss, substitution, and transfer. First, in the case o ...
... The Thread of Plastid Diversity Herrmann 1998). Those plastid proteins not encoded in the plastid genome are encoded in the nuclear genome and must be targeted to the plastid. Three mechanisms underlie this reduction of the plastid genome; gene loss, substitution, and transfer. First, in the case o ...
Synonymous codon usage patterns in different parasitic
... Most amino acids are encoded by multiple codons. In most cases, the synonymous codons are not used randomly in different genomes (Grantham et al., 1980; Lloyd and Sharp, 1992). Furthermore, the pattern of codon usage can vary considerably among organisms, and also among genes from the same genome. C ...
... Most amino acids are encoded by multiple codons. In most cases, the synonymous codons are not used randomly in different genomes (Grantham et al., 1980; Lloyd and Sharp, 1992). Furthermore, the pattern of codon usage can vary considerably among organisms, and also among genes from the same genome. C ...
Foundations of Biology
... Pharming is the use of recombinant domestic animals to produce proteins and other bioactive compounds One of the most common strategies in pharming involves engineering mammals to produce desired proteins in their milk This strategy was first used to produce t-PA in the milk of goats It is not coinc ...
... Pharming is the use of recombinant domestic animals to produce proteins and other bioactive compounds One of the most common strategies in pharming involves engineering mammals to produce desired proteins in their milk This strategy was first used to produce t-PA in the milk of goats It is not coinc ...
Telomere maintenance without telomerase
... circles into a critically short telomere (Figure 3b). The latter model was based on the demonstration that Y' elements, which contained a weak origin of replication (Chan and Tye, 1983), could be propagated as extrachromosomal plasmids (Horowitz and Haber, 1985). Expansion of sub-telomeric Y' elemen ...
... circles into a critically short telomere (Figure 3b). The latter model was based on the demonstration that Y' elements, which contained a weak origin of replication (Chan and Tye, 1983), could be propagated as extrachromosomal plasmids (Horowitz and Haber, 1985). Expansion of sub-telomeric Y' elemen ...
Phytopathology
... is an emerging methodology useful for identification of DNA fragments and may be applicable for rapid identification and detection of plant pathogens associated with plants (20,21,26). An array of species-specific oligonucleotide probes representing the various pathogens of potato, built on a solid ...
... is an emerging methodology useful for identification of DNA fragments and may be applicable for rapid identification and detection of plant pathogens associated with plants (20,21,26). An array of species-specific oligonucleotide probes representing the various pathogens of potato, built on a solid ...
Pristionchus pacificus
... frequent and most chromosomes are genetically much larger than 50 cM. In total, the P. pacificus genome has a length of 1026 cM with the caveat that the distal-most markers have not been physically linked to the telomeres yet (Table 1). In addition to the larger genetic size of the P. pacificus geno ...
... frequent and most chromosomes are genetically much larger than 50 cM. In total, the P. pacificus genome has a length of 1026 cM with the caveat that the distal-most markers have not been physically linked to the telomeres yet (Table 1). In addition to the larger genetic size of the P. pacificus geno ...
File
... 1. True. The observation that haploid cells have half the DNA of diploid cells may have been circumstantial. However, when combined with the experimental evidence obtained by Griffith and Hershey and Chase, the observation that haploid cells have half the DNA of diploid cells helped to confirm that ...
... 1. True. The observation that haploid cells have half the DNA of diploid cells may have been circumstantial. However, when combined with the experimental evidence obtained by Griffith and Hershey and Chase, the observation that haploid cells have half the DNA of diploid cells helped to confirm that ...
Molecular Cloning of Dog Mast Cell Tryptase and a Related Protease
... Cloning of Dog Mast Cell Tryptase. The BR dog mastocytoma cDNA library contains 2 X lo5 unique recombinants. Approximately lo6 plaques from the amplified library were screened with an oligonucleotide probe based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence of dog tryptase. Of 27 hybridizing clones, 10 were ...
... Cloning of Dog Mast Cell Tryptase. The BR dog mastocytoma cDNA library contains 2 X lo5 unique recombinants. Approximately lo6 plaques from the amplified library were screened with an oligonucleotide probe based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence of dog tryptase. Of 27 hybridizing clones, 10 were ...
Directionality in FLP Protein-promoted Site
... sites of all systems studied to datecontain elements of asym- Dideoxy I n Vitro FLP Reactions-Reactions were carried out essentially as metry which define orientation. Reactions between two sites described previously (4).Reactions (20 pl) contained 25 mM Trison the same DNA molecule alwaysresult in ...
... sites of all systems studied to datecontain elements of asym- Dideoxy I n Vitro FLP Reactions-Reactions were carried out essentially as metry which define orientation. Reactions between two sites described previously (4).Reactions (20 pl) contained 25 mM Trison the same DNA molecule alwaysresult in ...
Method for identification of origins of replication and genes
... All organisms face the problem of DNA replication, which happens once every cell cycle before cell division. DNA replication must be under strict control with respect to cell division or else daughter cells will either lack DNA or have too much DNA. In mammals, loss of control over the cell cycle DN ...
... All organisms face the problem of DNA replication, which happens once every cell cycle before cell division. DNA replication must be under strict control with respect to cell division or else daughter cells will either lack DNA or have too much DNA. In mammals, loss of control over the cell cycle DN ...
Nanopore Unzipping of Individual DNA Hairpin Molecules
... and 3), unzipping. The first and the second parts were designed to prepare the system for the third part, such that unzipping always starts at a given configuration of the molecule with respect to the pore. We note that in this experiment, as with any single-molecule experiment, variations between mol ...
... and 3), unzipping. The first and the second parts were designed to prepare the system for the third part, such that unzipping always starts at a given configuration of the molecule with respect to the pore. We note that in this experiment, as with any single-molecule experiment, variations between mol ...
Conservation of Brachyury (T) genes in amphioxus and vertebrates
... After fixation, specimens were transferred to 70% ethanol and stored at −20˚C for up to one year before use. Digoxigenin (DIG)-labelled riboprobes were synthesized in vitro from linearized plasmid following the DIG-UTP supplier’s instructions (Boehringer Mannheim). Specimens shown generally used a p ...
... After fixation, specimens were transferred to 70% ethanol and stored at −20˚C for up to one year before use. Digoxigenin (DIG)-labelled riboprobes were synthesized in vitro from linearized plasmid following the DIG-UTP supplier’s instructions (Boehringer Mannheim). Specimens shown generally used a p ...
Properties of Mitotic and Meiotic Recombination in the
... chromatid events have the phenotype 5-FOAR HygR GenR CanS. To determine the rates of these events shown in Table 1, for each strain, we allowed cells to form single colonies at 300 C. on rich growth medium (YPD). Each colony was suspended in water, and various dilutions were plated on SD complete, ...
... chromatid events have the phenotype 5-FOAR HygR GenR CanS. To determine the rates of these events shown in Table 1, for each strain, we allowed cells to form single colonies at 300 C. on rich growth medium (YPD). Each colony was suspended in water, and various dilutions were plated on SD complete, ...
Unbalanced translocation, a major chromosome alteration
... predicted, chromosome rearrangements were not detected for the chromosomal regions where mitotic recombination or gene conversion was suggested to have occurred (Figure 2). Copy number changes were found at breakpoints for the remaining 130 partial chromosome LOHs (65%), therefore, occurrence of int ...
... predicted, chromosome rearrangements were not detected for the chromosomal regions where mitotic recombination or gene conversion was suggested to have occurred (Figure 2). Copy number changes were found at breakpoints for the remaining 130 partial chromosome LOHs (65%), therefore, occurrence of int ...
Modulation of functional properties of bifunctional S- Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase/Ornithine decarboxylase of
... Trishydroxy (methyl-amino) methane / Hydrochloric acid ...
... Trishydroxy (methyl-amino) methane / Hydrochloric acid ...
Genomic library
A genomic library is a collection of the total genomic DNA from a single organism. The DNA is stored in a population of identical vectors, each containing a different insert of DNA. In order to construct a genomic library, the organism's DNA is extracted from cells and then digested with a restriction enzyme to cut the DNA into fragments of a specific size. The fragments are then inserted into the vector using DNA ligase. Next, the vector DNA can be taken up by a host organism - commonly a population of Escherichia coli or yeast - with each cell containing only one vector molecule. Using a host cell to carry the vector allows for easy amplification and retrieval of specific clones from the library for analysis.There are several kinds of vectors available with various insert capacities. Generally, libraries made from organisms with larger genomes require vectors featuring larger inserts, thereby fewer vector molecules are needed to make the library. Researchers can choose a vector also considering the ideal insert size to find a desired number of clones necessary for full genome coverage.Genomic libraries are commonly used for sequencing applications. They have played an important role in the whole genome sequencing of several organisms, including the human genome and several model organisms.