The enhancement of ribosomal transcription by the recycling of RNA
... these promoters is not always detected (6). Transcription of the 3'-ETS may have the further effect of sweeping transcription factors bound by the 60/81 b.p. elements, towards the pre-rRNA promoter, (1). Readthrough Enhancement would further increase the efficiency with which transcription factors w ...
... these promoters is not always detected (6). Transcription of the 3'-ETS may have the further effect of sweeping transcription factors bound by the 60/81 b.p. elements, towards the pre-rRNA promoter, (1). Readthrough Enhancement would further increase the efficiency with which transcription factors w ...
Intellectual property rights and innovation: Evidence from
... as of 2009, from genes initially sequenced by the public effort. Any observed differences in this cross-section specification could be due to an IP effect, or to non-random selection of genes into Celera’s IP. Historical accounts suggest such selection was very important in the early years of sequen ...
... as of 2009, from genes initially sequenced by the public effort. Any observed differences in this cross-section specification could be due to an IP effect, or to non-random selection of genes into Celera’s IP. Historical accounts suggest such selection was very important in the early years of sequen ...
OLSON LAB PROTOCOL: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis using GelRed
... fragments toward the cathode (positive pole) • Larger fragments move more slowly through the agarose gel matrix than small fragments and hence the fragments are size fractionated • The resolution of separation depends on the type and concentration of gel and the length of the run: ‚mini‘ gels are fa ...
... fragments toward the cathode (positive pole) • Larger fragments move more slowly through the agarose gel matrix than small fragments and hence the fragments are size fractionated • The resolution of separation depends on the type and concentration of gel and the length of the run: ‚mini‘ gels are fa ...
Tandem Genetic Duplications in Phage and Bacteria
... tion method should yield duplications that are the best indicators of the sizes and frequencies of spontaneous duplications. COINHERITANCE OF ALLELIC MARKERS A variety of detection schemes in volve genetic crosses that select for simultaneous inheritance of two alleles of a single locus. These alle ...
... tion method should yield duplications that are the best indicators of the sizes and frequencies of spontaneous duplications. COINHERITANCE OF ALLELIC MARKERS A variety of detection schemes in volve genetic crosses that select for simultaneous inheritance of two alleles of a single locus. These alle ...
Selecting Degenerate Multiplex PCR Primers
... these assaying techniques to be effective in large-scale genetic studies of hundreds or thousands of SNPs, they must be scalable, automated, robust, and inexpensive [9]. One technique involves the use of multiplex PCR (MP-PCR) to amplify the regions around the SNP. Multiplex PCR is a variation of PC ...
... these assaying techniques to be effective in large-scale genetic studies of hundreds or thousands of SNPs, they must be scalable, automated, robust, and inexpensive [9]. One technique involves the use of multiplex PCR (MP-PCR) to amplify the regions around the SNP. Multiplex PCR is a variation of PC ...
unexpected consequences for sense codon reassignment
... the proper functioning of the translational apparatus in all kingdoms of life. In Escherichia coli (E. coli), one of the three model systems for which the full extent of modifications has been mapped, the 46 tRNA species contain an average of 7.5 modified bases, ∼10% of the entire tRNA molecule (6). ...
... the proper functioning of the translational apparatus in all kingdoms of life. In Escherichia coli (E. coli), one of the three model systems for which the full extent of modifications has been mapped, the 46 tRNA species contain an average of 7.5 modified bases, ∼10% of the entire tRNA molecule (6). ...
History of Discoveries in Molecular Biology
... invented a technique for multiplying DNA sequences in vitro by, the polymerase chain reaction - PCR. PCR has been called the most revolutionary new technique in molecular biology in the 1980s. Cetus patented the process, and in the summer of 1991 sold the patent to Hoffman-La Roche, Inc. for $300 mi ...
... invented a technique for multiplying DNA sequences in vitro by, the polymerase chain reaction - PCR. PCR has been called the most revolutionary new technique in molecular biology in the 1980s. Cetus patented the process, and in the summer of 1991 sold the patent to Hoffman-La Roche, Inc. for $300 mi ...
chicken.db - Bioconductor
... indicates the chromosome. Due to inconsistencies that may exist at the time the object was built, these vectors may contain more than one chromosome and/or location. If the chromosomal location is unknown, the vector will contain an NA. Chromosomal locations on both the sense and antisense strands a ...
... indicates the chromosome. Due to inconsistencies that may exist at the time the object was built, these vectors may contain more than one chromosome and/or location. If the chromosomal location is unknown, the vector will contain an NA. Chromosomal locations on both the sense and antisense strands a ...
BIO 402 - National Open University of Nigeria
... animals, a membrane is formed covering the egg to prevent other sperms from entering the fertilized egg. This is called monospermy. However, an egg may sometimes be fertilized by two sperms, this is called dispermy. With experiments on double fertilization of sea urchin eggs, Boveri contributed sign ...
... animals, a membrane is formed covering the egg to prevent other sperms from entering the fertilized egg. This is called monospermy. However, an egg may sometimes be fertilized by two sperms, this is called dispermy. With experiments on double fertilization of sea urchin eggs, Boveri contributed sign ...
A Single Eubacterial Origin of Eukaryotic
... David S. Horner, Robert P. Hirt, and T. Martin Embley Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London, England The iron sulfur protein pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFO) is central to energy metabolism in amitochondriate eukaryotes, including those with hydrogenosomes. Thus, revealing th ...
... David S. Horner, Robert P. Hirt, and T. Martin Embley Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London, England The iron sulfur protein pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFO) is central to energy metabolism in amitochondriate eukaryotes, including those with hydrogenosomes. Thus, revealing th ...
High-resolution melting analysis of the single nucleotide
... the present study, 348 C. difficile strains with known PCR-ribotypes were investigated for respective single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the proposed rpoB hot-spot region by using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. This method allows the detection of SNPs by comparing the altered mel ...
... the present study, 348 C. difficile strains with known PCR-ribotypes were investigated for respective single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the proposed rpoB hot-spot region by using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. This method allows the detection of SNPs by comparing the altered mel ...
Evolutionary dynamics of nematode operons
... genes reside in over 1100 operons in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. It is unclear how operons have become abundant in nematode genomes. The “one-way street” hypothesis asserts that once formed by chance, operons are very difficult to break, because the breakage would leave downstream gen ...
... genes reside in over 1100 operons in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. It is unclear how operons have become abundant in nematode genomes. The “one-way street” hypothesis asserts that once formed by chance, operons are very difficult to break, because the breakage would leave downstream gen ...
Getting Started With Gel Electrophoresis
... field, a force will act upon it. Negative charges will be pulled towards the positive side of the electric field and positive charges will be pulled to the negative side. The speed at which a charged molecule will move through the gel depends on a number of factors. Firstly, stronger electric fields ...
... field, a force will act upon it. Negative charges will be pulled towards the positive side of the electric field and positive charges will be pulled to the negative side. The speed at which a charged molecule will move through the gel depends on a number of factors. Firstly, stronger electric fields ...
Identification and isolation of active N2O reducers in rice paddy soil
... the occurrence of N2O reduction in rice paddy fields; however, identity of the N2O reducers is largely unknown. In this study, we employed both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches to identify N2O reducers in rice paddy soil. In a soil microcosm, N2O and succinate were added as the e ...
... the occurrence of N2O reduction in rice paddy fields; however, identity of the N2O reducers is largely unknown. In this study, we employed both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches to identify N2O reducers in rice paddy soil. In a soil microcosm, N2O and succinate were added as the e ...
Oxalate decarboxylase of the white-rot fungus
... The 39 end of the Ds-odc gene was amplified using the Universal Genome Walker kit (Clontech) according to the instructions of the manufacturer. The nested PCR amplification strategy was conducted with a genespecific primer (GSP sense) in the first round of PCR, followed by the second PCR with a nest ...
... The 39 end of the Ds-odc gene was amplified using the Universal Genome Walker kit (Clontech) according to the instructions of the manufacturer. The nested PCR amplification strategy was conducted with a genespecific primer (GSP sense) in the first round of PCR, followed by the second PCR with a nest ...
Proof-of-principle rapid noninvasive prenatal diagnosis
... The Journal of Clinical Investigation Figure 1. Pedigrees of GBA mutation carrier families in this study. Mutations in GBA are indicated in red. Individuals with unknown genotypes at sample collection are shaded in gray. WT denotes a WT GBA allele; wk, denotes the week of gestation at which mater ...
... The Journal of Clinical Investigation Figure 1. Pedigrees of GBA mutation carrier families in this study. Mutations in GBA are indicated in red. Individuals with unknown genotypes at sample collection are shaded in gray. WT denotes a WT GBA allele; wk, denotes the week of gestation at which mater ...
Maintenance of genomic integrity by p53: complementary
... are far less clear. Furthermore, it is still not known, whether and how p53 directly participates in DNA repair processes, despite some evidence pointing to this possibility. Last but not least, a possible role of p53 in the control of genomic integrity in its non-induced state, i.e., in the absence ...
... are far less clear. Furthermore, it is still not known, whether and how p53 directly participates in DNA repair processes, despite some evidence pointing to this possibility. Last but not least, a possible role of p53 in the control of genomic integrity in its non-induced state, i.e., in the absence ...
Molecular cloning of Per a 1 and definition of the cross
... homology to a mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) precursor protein, named ANG12. The homology with ANG12 reaches over 40% in parts (for example, the GVDVDH motif is completely preserved) and the overall homology ...
... homology to a mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) precursor protein, named ANG12. The homology with ANG12 reaches over 40% in parts (for example, the GVDVDH motif is completely preserved) and the overall homology ...
Real time PCR and it`s role in diagnosis
... Improving our understanding of the biology of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite is of extreme importance if we are to combat human malaria.This parasite uses the process of antigenic variation to expose the human immune system to continually changing antigens on the surface of infected red blood ce ...
... Improving our understanding of the biology of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite is of extreme importance if we are to combat human malaria.This parasite uses the process of antigenic variation to expose the human immune system to continually changing antigens on the surface of infected red blood ce ...
Genomic library
A genomic library is a collection of the total genomic DNA from a single organism. The DNA is stored in a population of identical vectors, each containing a different insert of DNA. In order to construct a genomic library, the organism's DNA is extracted from cells and then digested with a restriction enzyme to cut the DNA into fragments of a specific size. The fragments are then inserted into the vector using DNA ligase. Next, the vector DNA can be taken up by a host organism - commonly a population of Escherichia coli or yeast - with each cell containing only one vector molecule. Using a host cell to carry the vector allows for easy amplification and retrieval of specific clones from the library for analysis.There are several kinds of vectors available with various insert capacities. Generally, libraries made from organisms with larger genomes require vectors featuring larger inserts, thereby fewer vector molecules are needed to make the library. Researchers can choose a vector also considering the ideal insert size to find a desired number of clones necessary for full genome coverage.Genomic libraries are commonly used for sequencing applications. They have played an important role in the whole genome sequencing of several organisms, including the human genome and several model organisms.