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Contig annotation tool CAT robustly classifies assembled
Contig annotation tool CAT robustly classifies assembled

... questions in metagenomics (Handelsman, 2004)⁠ i.e. "Who is there?" and "What are they doing?". Read mapping considers each read as an independent observation, whose taxonomic origin and functional class can be estimated by identifying the closest match in a reference database, and tallying these ann ...
Brassinosteroid-6-Oxidases from Arabidopsis and
Brassinosteroid-6-Oxidases from Arabidopsis and

... nos. are AA713019, N65267, and AA394869). Based on partial DNA sequencing and restriction mapping, it was found that the clones corresponded to the same gene, but only F5F3 had sufficient length to contain the full-length cDNA (data not shown). When the entire nucleotide sequence of the cDNA insert ...
final1-eu-marie-curie-final-report
final1-eu-marie-curie-final-report

... produces the tubulin polymerization inhibitor curacin A and the molluscicide barbamide was sequenced using Sanger and 454 sequencing approaches to near completion.3 Whereas the draft genome sequence revealed gene clusters for Curacin A and barbamide, only a mere 3% of the genes were dedicated to sec ...
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... PCR from genome of ges works, but can't amplify ges or golT fragments from gel extraction ...
Genomic scans for selective sweeps using SNP data
Genomic scans for selective sweeps using SNP data

... where d is the distance from the location of the sweep to the sampled SNP locus and ␣ is a parameter that depends on the rate of recombination, the effective population size, and the selection coefficient of the selected mutation. For example, in the approximation by Durrett and Schweinsberg (2004), ...
Supplementary Text S1: Detailed PCR Protocols
Supplementary Text S1: Detailed PCR Protocols

... first PCR products were added to each of 2 wells, mixed with 8µl PCR reaction mix [5µl of 2x Lightcycler Probe Master Mix, 0.2μM final concentration of allele specific primer set IFNB1 MF/R, and 0.1μM final concentration of Roche LNA probe #79]. The second PCR amplification was carried out using a ...
Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii by PCR
Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii by PCR

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+ 2 subjective question bank reproduction

... 1. What do you understand by amniocentesis? Why is there a statutory ban on this? Give reason. Ans. It is a procedure in which amniotic fluid is taken from amniotic sac of the foetus to diagnose various chromosomal and genetic disorders. During this test sex of the baby is also revealed. This promot ...
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الشريحة 1

... Charged Molecules Charged molecules are separated based on their electrical charge and size. Positive Molecules ...
Virology Journal
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... enrichment in log-phase bacterial broth cultures. These three bacteriophages were classified initially within the family Siphoviridae due to their long, non-contractile tails, but their phylogenetic affiliation could not be assessed in the absence of phage genome sequence analysis [8-10]. To date no ...
Article Why There Are No Essential Genes on
Article Why There Are No Essential Genes on

... Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids are important for the evolution of prokaryotes. It has been suggested that there are differences between functions coded for by mobile genes and those in the “core” genome and that these differences can be seen between plasmids and chromosomes. In particular, ...
19.1 Somatostatin Was the First Human Peptide Hormone Produced
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... secretion of a number of other hormones, including growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon. Somatostatin was not chosen for its commercial potential. Instead, it was chosen because the researchers thought it would be technically less difficult than other hormones. Somatostatin is very small (only 14 a ...
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introduction

... parasites contains two polypeptides which correspond to the amino terminal and the carboxyl terminal domains of the canonical COXII, the two domains being encoded by two nuclear genes, cox2a and cox2b (Funes et al., 2002). This gene separation is also found in certain green algae where it appears th ...
Meiosis/Crossing Over - Peoria Public Schools
Meiosis/Crossing Over - Peoria Public Schools

... “The presence of an allele of one of the genes in a gamete has no influence over which allele of another gene is present.” Random Orientation refers to the behaviour of homologous pairs of chromosomes (metaphase I) or pairs of sister chromatids (metaphase II) in meiosis. Independent assortment refer ...
cbb752-mg-spr09-bioinfo
cbb752-mg-spr09-bioinfo

... • One idea for a definition? Bioinformatics is conceptualizing biology in terms of molecules (in the sense of physical-chemistry) and then applying “informatics” techniques (derived from disciplines such as applied math, CS, and statistics) to understand and organize the information associated with ...
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... sequence with accession number X66899) is fused to exon 2 of YY1 (nucleotide 1160 accession number NM_003403 version 3). The putative EWSR1-YY1 protein would contain the transactivation domain of EWSR1 and the DNA binding domain of YY1 and thus may act as an abnormal transcription factor. Descriptio ...
Physiological and phylogenetic analysis of rhizobia isolated from
Physiological and phylogenetic analysis of rhizobia isolated from

... In the present study, 5 isolates (Table 1) were isolated from root nodules of A. nilotica L. collected from different locations in Rajasthan and Haryana. All strains tested were found to have circular colonies with regular borders, flat in elevation, creamy in color after 3 to 5 day of growth on YEM ...
Mitonuclear linkage disequilibrium in human populations
Mitonuclear linkage disequilibrium in human populations

... factors such as mitochondrial and nuclear mutation rates, effective population size, mating system, generation time and population subdivision [55–59]. There is some reason to think that mitonuclear co-adaptation within human populations may be less extensive because of recent demographic expansion ...
Defining the complementarities between antibodies and haptens to
Defining the complementarities between antibodies and haptens to

Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation (array CGH)
Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation (array CGH)

... Balanced chromosome rearrangements, such as balanced translocations and inversions (where a section of a chromosome is inverted or reversed), will not be identified using array CGH. This is because balanced chromosome rearrangements do not result in any loss or gain of chromosome material. It will a ...
Day and Sweatt
Day and Sweatt

... The last mechanism addresses this in a simple fashion, which is an appealing aspect of this idea. It is worth noting that the first two ideas are not mutually exclusive, even in the same cell. In terms of nature neuroscience  VOLUME 13 | NUMBER 11 | NOVEMBER 2010 ...
De novo DNA cytosine methyltransferase activities in
De novo DNA cytosine methyltransferase activities in

... delayed blastocysts were isolated from heterozygous females mated with heterozygous male mice and ES cell lines were derived as described previously (Robertson 1987; Li et al., 1992). Dnmtc/c ES cell lines were generated by targeted disruption of the second wildtype allele with the pMT(C)hyg constru ...
Genomic imprinting of a placental lactogen gene in Peromyscus
Genomic imprinting of a placental lactogen gene in Peromyscus

... c Shortest tree found by PAUP from nucleotide alignments that weighted all changes equally (utilizing an initial gap change cost of 10:1). Trees were rooted between the Pl1 and Pl2 groups. Lower case prefix before each sequence indicates species: p Peromyscus, r rat, h hamster (Mesocricetus), m mous ...
The Co-Evolution of Genes and Culture Pedigrees
The Co-Evolution of Genes and Culture Pedigrees

... Only a minority of human adults—35% of the global human population—continues to produce lactase into adulthood and can drink milk without any problems. These individuals are lactose tolerant. They can also be referred to as being lactase persistent, meaning that lactase production persists beyond c ...
Evolution of Gene Order and Chromosome Number in
Evolution of Gene Order and Chromosome Number in

... eye, to permit inclusion of some very short but highly conserved sequence matches that occurred at the ends of database sequences. The S. pombe dataset comprised 1·577 megabases (55 cosmids in 27 contigs) from chromosome I sequenced at the Sanger Centre, and a consistent significance threshold (BLAS ...
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Genomic library



A genomic library is a collection of the total genomic DNA from a single organism. The DNA is stored in a population of identical vectors, each containing a different insert of DNA. In order to construct a genomic library, the organism's DNA is extracted from cells and then digested with a restriction enzyme to cut the DNA into fragments of a specific size. The fragments are then inserted into the vector using DNA ligase. Next, the vector DNA can be taken up by a host organism - commonly a population of Escherichia coli or yeast - with each cell containing only one vector molecule. Using a host cell to carry the vector allows for easy amplification and retrieval of specific clones from the library for analysis.There are several kinds of vectors available with various insert capacities. Generally, libraries made from organisms with larger genomes require vectors featuring larger inserts, thereby fewer vector molecules are needed to make the library. Researchers can choose a vector also considering the ideal insert size to find a desired number of clones necessary for full genome coverage.Genomic libraries are commonly used for sequencing applications. They have played an important role in the whole genome sequencing of several organisms, including the human genome and several model organisms.
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