Intentionality and artificial intelligence
... Many mental states are ‘about’ something, objects or events in the world. For example, I might have a belief about Paris, a desire for chocolate, be angry at the government, or intend to go to the pub. In all these cases, my state of mind is ‘directed’ towards an ‘object’, the thing I’m thinking abo ...
... Many mental states are ‘about’ something, objects or events in the world. For example, I might have a belief about Paris, a desire for chocolate, be angry at the government, or intend to go to the pub. In all these cases, my state of mind is ‘directed’ towards an ‘object’, the thing I’m thinking abo ...
AI`s Half-Century1
... this belief “strong AI” and argues that it’s fundamentally mistaken. In his view, symbolic AI deals only with syntax, not semantics, so it can’t account for intentionality, or meaning. Connectionism can’t explain intentionality, either—though it may suggest how meanings are interrelated, once we hav ...
... this belief “strong AI” and argues that it’s fundamentally mistaken. In his view, symbolic AI deals only with syntax, not semantics, so it can’t account for intentionality, or meaning. Connectionism can’t explain intentionality, either—though it may suggest how meanings are interrelated, once we hav ...
Computer - Aberystwyth University Users Site
... • Well it must have similar processing power – there are super computers that are approaching the speeds given on the previous slide • They must have similar memory storage capacity. • Each neuron is connected to ~5000 other neurons through synapses. • Say each synapse can have 256 levels (voltages) ...
... • Well it must have similar processing power – there are super computers that are approaching the speeds given on the previous slide • They must have similar memory storage capacity. • Each neuron is connected to ~5000 other neurons through synapses. • Say each synapse can have 256 levels (voltages) ...
Reading Guide #6: Functionalism
... 5. How does understanding admit of degrees? Why does Searle think that degrees of understanding are irrelevant to the Chinese room example? 6. According to the systems reply, to what do we ascribe understanding in the Chinese room example? Why is this reply unsuccessful? Does the appeal to subsystem ...
... 5. How does understanding admit of degrees? Why does Searle think that degrees of understanding are irrelevant to the Chinese room example? 6. According to the systems reply, to what do we ascribe understanding in the Chinese room example? Why is this reply unsuccessful? Does the appeal to subsystem ...
Lecture 28: Physical symbol system
... - Symbol manipulation necessary for intelligence - Machines can be intelligent, because - Symbol manipulation is sufficient for intelligence ...
... - Symbol manipulation necessary for intelligence - Machines can be intelligent, because - Symbol manipulation is sufficient for intelligence ...
Slide 1
... 4. Take selected variant and repeat process • Biological creativity, human creativity, and machine creativity would all be examples of the same evolutionary process in operation and none would be more real than others ...
... 4. Take selected variant and repeat process • Biological creativity, human creativity, and machine creativity would all be examples of the same evolutionary process in operation and none would be more real than others ...
Turing`s Imitation Game: a discussion with the
... AI, and opponents have criticized the goals and ideas of the field. Herbert Simon, Nobel Prize laureate, 1957 predicted in 1958 that “within ten years a digital computer will be the world’s chess champion” [7]. In 1972, Hubert Dreyfus fiercely criticized the goal of artificial intelligence in his bo ...
... AI, and opponents have criticized the goals and ideas of the field. Herbert Simon, Nobel Prize laureate, 1957 predicted in 1958 that “within ten years a digital computer will be the world’s chess champion” [7]. In 1972, Hubert Dreyfus fiercely criticized the goal of artificial intelligence in his bo ...
PHIL 280
... some philosophy of mind -- in particular, from the major unsolvability results of computation theory to questions regarding whether machines can (ever) think. The first half of the course is organized around the key concept of computation theory, that of the algorithm or programschematic. The second ...
... some philosophy of mind -- in particular, from the major unsolvability results of computation theory to questions regarding whether machines can (ever) think. The first half of the course is organized around the key concept of computation theory, that of the algorithm or programschematic. The second ...
PHILOSOPHY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Artificial intelligence
... for thinking an empirical one? • Searle: the question whether a symbol manipulating device can think is not empirical, but analytical, and can be answered negatively : ...
... for thinking an empirical one? • Searle: the question whether a symbol manipulating device can think is not empirical, but analytical, and can be answered negatively : ...
Intelligent Systems - Ubiquitous Computing Lab
... A.L.I.C.E. brain is a kind of “Chinese Room Operator’s Manual.” ...
... A.L.I.C.E. brain is a kind of “Chinese Room Operator’s Manual.” ...
What is Cognitive Science?
... - “A function is said to be computable if it can be implemented on a Turing Machine.” - Such functions are called Turing computable functions (e.g., f(x) = 0; natural log e; +/x; if-then) - Roughly speaking, a function or task is computable if its solution can be found in “finite” time (or polynomia ...
... - “A function is said to be computable if it can be implemented on a Turing Machine.” - Such functions are called Turing computable functions (e.g., f(x) = 0; natural log e; +/x; if-then) - Roughly speaking, a function or task is computable if its solution can be found in “finite” time (or polynomia ...
machine
... Engineering: To get machines to do a wider variety of useful things – e.g., understand spoken natural language, recognize individual people in visual scenes, find the best travel plan for your vacation, etc. Cognitive Science: As a way to understand how natural minds and mental phenomena work – e.g. ...
... Engineering: To get machines to do a wider variety of useful things – e.g., understand spoken natural language, recognize individual people in visual scenes, find the best travel plan for your vacation, etc. Cognitive Science: As a way to understand how natural minds and mental phenomena work – e.g. ...
Document
... as proposed by Alan Turing (1950), if a computer can make people think it is human (i.e., intelligent) via an unrestricted conversation, then it is intelligent Turing predicted fully intelligent machines by 2000, not even close ...
... as proposed by Alan Turing (1950), if a computer can make people think it is human (i.e., intelligent) via an unrestricted conversation, then it is intelligent Turing predicted fully intelligent machines by 2000, not even close ...
CS 112 Introduction to Programming - Zoo
... terms across a range of applications and processes, understanding the questions that humans ask and providing answers that humans can understand and justify. ” – The DeepQA Project ...
... terms across a range of applications and processes, understanding the questions that humans ask and providing answers that humans can understand and justify. ” – The DeepQA Project ...
Physical symbol system
... Psychological experiments carried out at the same time found that, for difficult problems in logic, planning or any kind of "puzzle solving", people used this kind of symbol processing as well. AI researchers were able simulate the step by step problem solving skills of people with computer programs ...
... Psychological experiments carried out at the same time found that, for difficult problems in logic, planning or any kind of "puzzle solving", people used this kind of symbol processing as well. AI researchers were able simulate the step by step problem solving skills of people with computer programs ...
Artificial Intelligence Toolbox Part 1: How to find solutions Myra Wilson e-mail
... Chinese sentences although you do not speak Chinese The book tells you how to reply to them in Chinese You can then behave in an apparently intelligent way copying replies onto stacks of paper He claimed that although they appeared intelligent, computers would be using the equivalent of a rule book ...
... Chinese sentences although you do not speak Chinese The book tells you how to reply to them in Chinese You can then behave in an apparently intelligent way copying replies onto stacks of paper He claimed that although they appeared intelligent, computers would be using the equivalent of a rule book ...
ppt - Computer Science Department
... One definition: “Building programs that enable computers to do what humans can do.” for example: read, walk around, drive, play games, solve problems, learn, have conversations… ...
... One definition: “Building programs that enable computers to do what humans can do.” for example: read, walk around, drive, play games, solve problems, learn, have conversations… ...
Artificial Intelligence
... Turing starts by defining machine & think Will not use everyday meaning of the words otherwise we could answer by Gallup poll Instead, use a different question closely related, but unambiguous ...
... Turing starts by defining machine & think Will not use everyday meaning of the words otherwise we could answer by Gallup poll Instead, use a different question closely related, but unambiguous ...
Is the turing test valid?
... - “When I see a bird that walks like a duck and swims like a duck and quacks like a duck, I call that bird a duck.” ...
... - “When I see a bird that walks like a duck and swims like a duck and quacks like a duck, I call that bird a duck.” ...
CPS 270 (Artificial Intelligence at Duke): Introduction
... image from http://www.unc.edu/~prinz/pictures/c-room.gif ...
... image from http://www.unc.edu/~prinz/pictures/c-room.gif ...
CPS 170 (Artificial Intelligence at Duke): Introduction
... image from http://www.unc.edu/~prinz/pictures/c-room.gif ...
... image from http://www.unc.edu/~prinz/pictures/c-room.gif ...
Intro-to-AI-lect-1 - Geometric and Intelligent Computing Laboratory
... “I believe that in about fifty years' time it will be possible, to programme computers, with a storage capacity of about 109, to make them play the imitation game so well that an average interrogator will not have more than 70 per cent chance of making the right identification after five minutes of ...
... “I believe that in about fifty years' time it will be possible, to programme computers, with a storage capacity of about 109, to make them play the imitation game so well that an average interrogator will not have more than 70 per cent chance of making the right identification after five minutes of ...
Artificial Intelligence - Department of Intelligent Systems
... following the instructions of a book or a program, produces other Chinese characters, which it presents as output. Suppose, says Searle, that this computer performs its task so convincingly that it comfortably passes the Turing test, yet there is no understanding in a room. Searle argued that softwa ...
... following the instructions of a book or a program, produces other Chinese characters, which it presents as output. Suppose, says Searle, that this computer performs its task so convincingly that it comfortably passes the Turing test, yet there is no understanding in a room. Searle argued that softwa ...
reading1a
... The developments raise a natural question: If computer processing eventually apes nature's neural networks, will cold silicon ever be truly able to think? And how will we judge whether it does? More than 50 years ago British mathematician and philosopher Alan Turing invented an ingenious strategy to ...
... The developments raise a natural question: If computer processing eventually apes nature's neural networks, will cold silicon ever be truly able to think? And how will we judge whether it does? More than 50 years ago British mathematician and philosopher Alan Turing invented an ingenious strategy to ...
reading1
... The developments raise a natural question: If computer processing eventually apes nature's neural networks, will cold silicon ever be truly able to think? And how will we judge whether it does? More than 50 years ago British mathematician and philosopher Alan Turing invented an ingenious strategy to ...
... The developments raise a natural question: If computer processing eventually apes nature's neural networks, will cold silicon ever be truly able to think? And how will we judge whether it does? More than 50 years ago British mathematician and philosopher Alan Turing invented an ingenious strategy to ...
Chinese room
The Chinese room is a thought experiment presented by the philosopher John Searle to challenge the claim that it is possible for a computer running a program to have a ""mind"" and ""consciousness"" in the same sense that people do, simply by virtue of running the right program. The experiment is intended to help refute a philosophical position that Searle named ""strong AI"":""The appropriately programmed computer with the right inputs and outputs would thereby have a mind in exactly the same sense human beings have minds.""To contest this view, Searle writes in his first description of the argument: ""Suppose that I'm locked in a room and ... that I know no Chinese, either written or spoken"". He further supposes that he has a set of rules in English that ""enable me to correlate one set of formal symbols with another set of formal symbols"", that is, the Chinese characters. These rules allow him to respond, in written Chinese, to questions, also written in Chinese, in such a way that the posers of the questions – who do understand Chinese – are convinced that Searle can actually understand the Chinese conversation too, even though he cannot. Similarly, he argues that if there is a computer program that allows a computer to carry on an intelligent conversation in a written language, the computer executing the program would not understand the conversation either.The experiment is the centerpiece of Searle's Chinese room argument which holds that a program cannot give a computer a ""mind"", ""understanding"" or ""consciousness"", regardless of how intelligently it may make it behave. The argument is directed against the philosophical positions of functionalism and computationalism, which hold that the mind may be viewed as an information processing system operating on formal symbols. Although it was originally presented in reaction to the statements of artificial intelligence (AI) researchers, it is not an argument against the goals of AI research, because it does not limit the amount of intelligence a machine can display. The argument applies only to digital computers and does not apply to machines in general. This kind of argument against AI was described by John Haugeland as the ""hollow shell"" argument.Searle's argument first appeared in his paper ""Minds, Brains, and Programs"", published in Behavioral and Brain Sciences in 1980. It has been widely discussed in the years since.