This will replace the question “Can machines think?”
... It is not possible to produce a set of rules purporting to describe what a man should do in every conceivable set of circumstances. One might for instance have a rule that one is to stop when one sees a red traffic light, and to go if one sees a green one, but what if by some fault both appear toget ...
... It is not possible to produce a set of rules purporting to describe what a man should do in every conceivable set of circumstances. One might for instance have a rule that one is to stop when one sees a red traffic light, and to go if one sees a green one, but what if by some fault both appear toget ...
Power Point Slides
... Some folks claim that Turing's game emphasizes a behavior that we do not consider essential to intelligence, such as ones that do no more than fool the interrogator. The Turing Test promotes the development of artificial con artists, not ...
... Some folks claim that Turing's game emphasizes a behavior that we do not consider essential to intelligence, such as ones that do no more than fool the interrogator. The Turing Test promotes the development of artificial con artists, not ...
Robotics
... • Symbolic manipulation (as opposed to numerical calculations) • Enumerating / expanding trees of possibility: branch-and-bound search • Expert systems: states and testing conditions. • Neural nets (and other forms of machine learning) ...
... • Symbolic manipulation (as opposed to numerical calculations) • Enumerating / expanding trees of possibility: branch-and-bound search • Expert systems: states and testing conditions. • Neural nets (and other forms of machine learning) ...
Cognitive Science And The Search For Intelligence
... that the brain is a sort of computer (physical) and the mind its active program (nonphysical). This stance certainly seems preferable to Descartes’ dualism, where matter and mind are two distinct kinds of substance.3 Second, whether or not the mind does “information processing” or “data analysis” in ...
... that the brain is a sort of computer (physical) and the mind its active program (nonphysical). This stance certainly seems preferable to Descartes’ dualism, where matter and mind are two distinct kinds of substance.3 Second, whether or not the mind does “information processing” or “data analysis” in ...
Dartmouth Conference: The Founding Fathers of AI Herbert Simon
... Turing without influence, disillusioned (…full ACE was not actually complete until 1957 (obsolete)) ...
... Turing without influence, disillusioned (…full ACE was not actually complete until 1957 (obsolete)) ...
January 1956 Dartmouth Conference: The Founding Fathers of AI
... Turing without influence, disillusioned (…full ACE was not actually complete until 1957 (obsolete)) ...
... Turing without influence, disillusioned (…full ACE was not actually complete until 1957 (obsolete)) ...
Turing Test - University of Windsor
... If the human participant in the game was telepathic, then the interrogator could exploit this fact in order to determine the identity of the machine. - Turing proposes that the competitors should be housed in a “telepathy-proof room.” The ‘heads in the sand’ objection: The idea of sharing a "human" ...
... If the human participant in the game was telepathic, then the interrogator could exploit this fact in order to determine the identity of the machine. - Turing proposes that the competitors should be housed in a “telepathy-proof room.” The ‘heads in the sand’ objection: The idea of sharing a "human" ...
CHAPTER 4
... • Some living things have only vegetative functions, and thus a “vegetative soul.” Others have capacities for perception and locomotion, the animal soul. Still others have rational capacities, the rational soul. • To speak of the soul is to speak of certain kinds of powers or capacities that living ...
... • Some living things have only vegetative functions, and thus a “vegetative soul.” Others have capacities for perception and locomotion, the animal soul. Still others have rational capacities, the rational soul. • To speak of the soul is to speak of certain kinds of powers or capacities that living ...
Can Machine Think? - Composing Digital Media
... No pretensions to originate anything Nothing is original Surprises, no creative mental act ...
... No pretensions to originate anything Nothing is original Surprises, no creative mental act ...
1994 Consciousness
... it may be to accept this idea, it is harder to prove it wrong. Such a radical position is actually a common one in cognitive science, where it is usual to conceive of the mind as a bunch of boxes "processing" a flow of input information in order to determine an output. Since this is thought to be su ...
... it may be to accept this idea, it is harder to prove it wrong. Such a radical position is actually a common one in cognitive science, where it is usual to conceive of the mind as a bunch of boxes "processing" a flow of input information in order to determine an output. Since this is thought to be su ...
Machine learning
... Some Advantages of Artificial Intelligence – more powerful and more useful computers – new and improved interfaces – solving new problems – better handling of information ...
... Some Advantages of Artificial Intelligence – more powerful and more useful computers – new and improved interfaces – solving new problems – better handling of information ...
sb.css.onlinelect.v3 - Minds & Machines Home
... the Turing Limit. Then all chains of human reasoning (e.g., proofs) are identical to some chain of reasoning expressed in first-order logic. But there are many chains of human reasoning in infinitary logics, and we know that such chains in infinitary logic cannot possibly be expressed in first-order ...
... the Turing Limit. Then all chains of human reasoning (e.g., proofs) are identical to some chain of reasoning expressed in first-order logic. But there are many chains of human reasoning in infinitary logics, and we know that such chains in infinitary logic cannot possibly be expressed in first-order ...
Website Glossary - Alan Turing`s Mechanical Brain
... 1954, Wilmslow, Cheshire), British mathematician and logician, who made major contributions to mathematics, cryptanalysis, logic, philosophy, and biology and to the new areas later named computer science, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and artificial life...Turing was a founding father ...
... 1954, Wilmslow, Cheshire), British mathematician and logician, who made major contributions to mathematics, cryptanalysis, logic, philosophy, and biology and to the new areas later named computer science, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and artificial life...Turing was a founding father ...
Knowledge Representation - Computer and Information Science
... • The result is an idealized model of human reasoning. This approach is attractive to theorists, i.e., modeling how an idealized human should think and reason in an ideal world (Think Spock or Sheldon). • The problem is that approach is mathematically impossible! No matter how complex a rule system ...
... • The result is an idealized model of human reasoning. This approach is attractive to theorists, i.e., modeling how an idealized human should think and reason in an ideal world (Think Spock or Sheldon). • The problem is that approach is mathematically impossible! No matter how complex a rule system ...
Lecture S2: Artificial Intelligence Lecture S2: Artificial Intelligence
... Standard Turing Test: judge is human. Reverse Turing Test: judge is computer! Why? ...
... Standard Turing Test: judge is human. Reverse Turing Test: judge is computer! Why? ...
Slides
... 1. The Aim of AI research After much philosophical and psychological debate over many centuries, moreover, there's no agreed definition of 'intelligence'. In 1994 a group of 52 academics involved in intelligence-related research published a statement on what they considered it to be, and it is quot ...
... 1. The Aim of AI research After much philosophical and psychological debate over many centuries, moreover, there's no agreed definition of 'intelligence'. In 1994 a group of 52 academics involved in intelligence-related research published a statement on what they considered it to be, and it is quot ...
CSE 214: Data Structures for Information Systems
... Speech recognition Speech synthesis Computer Vision Robotics ...
... Speech recognition Speech synthesis Computer Vision Robotics ...
Searle, Subsymbolic Functionalism and Synthetic Intelligence
... need consider it no further. There is a second group of AI researchers with a very different objective. As we shall see, we can further subdivide even this group, but for now, if we confine ourselves to consider only their most general high-level goals, we can temporarily put them all into a single ...
... need consider it no further. There is a second group of AI researchers with a very different objective. As we shall see, we can further subdivide even this group, but for now, if we confine ourselves to consider only their most general high-level goals, we can temporarily put them all into a single ...
Assignment 04_4 - Siri Johansson
... They hold that each language embodies a worldview, with quite different languages embodying quite different views, so that speakers of different languages think about the world in quite different ways. This view is sometimes called the Whorf-hypothesis or the Whorf-Sapir hypothesis, after the lingui ...
... They hold that each language embodies a worldview, with quite different languages embodying quite different views, so that speakers of different languages think about the world in quite different ways. This view is sometimes called the Whorf-hypothesis or the Whorf-Sapir hypothesis, after the lingui ...
Philosophy and Cogsci
... Systems that can think but cannot communicate with a language, or too shy or paranoid to do so. The judge might be a computer expert who can detect subtle hints. ...
... Systems that can think but cannot communicate with a language, or too shy or paranoid to do so. The judge might be a computer expert who can detect subtle hints. ...
03 Lecture CSC462
... Turing Test • “Turing was convinced that if a computer could do all mathematical operations, it could also do anything a person can do“ • Computing Machinery and Intelligence, written by Alan Turing and published in 1950 in Mind, is a paper on the topic of artificial intelligence in which the conce ...
... Turing Test • “Turing was convinced that if a computer could do all mathematical operations, it could also do anything a person can do“ • Computing Machinery and Intelligence, written by Alan Turing and published in 1950 in Mind, is a paper on the topic of artificial intelligence in which the conce ...
ppt
... Modifications to the Imitation Game. Present state of research – Loebner prize. State-of-the-art – CAPTCHA. ...
... Modifications to the Imitation Game. Present state of research – Loebner prize. State-of-the-art – CAPTCHA. ...
History of AI
... Godel’s incompleteness theorem because any rigorous proof would require a formalization of the claimed unformalizable human talent, and hence refute itself. So, we are left with an appeal to intuition that humans can somehow perform superhuman feats of mathematical insight.” ...
... Godel’s incompleteness theorem because any rigorous proof would require a formalization of the claimed unformalizable human talent, and hence refute itself. So, we are left with an appeal to intuition that humans can somehow perform superhuman feats of mathematical insight.” ...
Chinese room
The Chinese room is a thought experiment presented by the philosopher John Searle to challenge the claim that it is possible for a computer running a program to have a ""mind"" and ""consciousness"" in the same sense that people do, simply by virtue of running the right program. The experiment is intended to help refute a philosophical position that Searle named ""strong AI"":""The appropriately programmed computer with the right inputs and outputs would thereby have a mind in exactly the same sense human beings have minds.""To contest this view, Searle writes in his first description of the argument: ""Suppose that I'm locked in a room and ... that I know no Chinese, either written or spoken"". He further supposes that he has a set of rules in English that ""enable me to correlate one set of formal symbols with another set of formal symbols"", that is, the Chinese characters. These rules allow him to respond, in written Chinese, to questions, also written in Chinese, in such a way that the posers of the questions – who do understand Chinese – are convinced that Searle can actually understand the Chinese conversation too, even though he cannot. Similarly, he argues that if there is a computer program that allows a computer to carry on an intelligent conversation in a written language, the computer executing the program would not understand the conversation either.The experiment is the centerpiece of Searle's Chinese room argument which holds that a program cannot give a computer a ""mind"", ""understanding"" or ""consciousness"", regardless of how intelligently it may make it behave. The argument is directed against the philosophical positions of functionalism and computationalism, which hold that the mind may be viewed as an information processing system operating on formal symbols. Although it was originally presented in reaction to the statements of artificial intelligence (AI) researchers, it is not an argument against the goals of AI research, because it does not limit the amount of intelligence a machine can display. The argument applies only to digital computers and does not apply to machines in general. This kind of argument against AI was described by John Haugeland as the ""hollow shell"" argument.Searle's argument first appeared in his paper ""Minds, Brains, and Programs"", published in Behavioral and Brain Sciences in 1980. It has been widely discussed in the years since.