HumansAndComputers F..
... One of the great questions in computer science is wether or not a machine is capable of simulating human intelligence. However, in order to answer this question, we must first define what it means for something to be intelligent. The Turing Test is the most accepted standard for what it means to be ...
... One of the great questions in computer science is wether or not a machine is capable of simulating human intelligence. However, in order to answer this question, we must first define what it means for something to be intelligent. The Turing Test is the most accepted standard for what it means to be ...
Review of Artificial Intelligence: Its Scope and Limits by James Fetzer
... and a situation. In many cases, however, many of the axioms hold in contexts covering many persons and situations. In those (very common) cases, a more conventional meaning theory can be used. I think AI isn’t very far along in meeting the challenge which Fetzer’s book partly expresses. Unfortunatel ...
... and a situation. In many cases, however, many of the axioms hold in contexts covering many persons and situations. In those (very common) cases, a more conventional meaning theory can be used. I think AI isn’t very far along in meeting the challenge which Fetzer’s book partly expresses. Unfortunatel ...
experiments in the variety of being - Home page-
... The subject “God” although not dead, e.g. in Christian theology, is taboo in some circles and passé in others; it is something to be avoided. Here are some possible reasons. The discussion focuses on general and academic sentiments c. 2000 in the English speaking world. The first is the idea of sepa ...
... The subject “God” although not dead, e.g. in Christian theology, is taboo in some circles and passé in others; it is something to be avoided. Here are some possible reasons. The discussion focuses on general and academic sentiments c. 2000 in the English speaking world. The first is the idea of sepa ...
Lessons from The Turing Test
... in some kind of contest? Why not have the interrogator simply interact with a machine, see what it is or is not able to do, and determine whether or not the machine is intelligent based on those interactions? • If we are so concerned about what machines can and cannot do, why not simply do: ...
... in some kind of contest? Why not have the interrogator simply interact with a machine, see what it is or is not able to do, and determine whether or not the machine is intelligent based on those interactions? • If we are so concerned about what machines can and cannot do, why not simply do: ...
Turing Test Assignment
... was designed as a basic way of checking to see whether a computer counts as “intelligent” ...
... was designed as a basic way of checking to see whether a computer counts as “intelligent” ...
David F pap3 draft1 COMMENTS
... This book is one of the most inspirational biographies I have ever read. I will use this book to make several points in my argument. This book has two major quotes that will shape my argument. Alan Turing Defines Machine intelligence “The extent to which we regard something as behaving in an intelli ...
... This book is one of the most inspirational biographies I have ever read. I will use this book to make several points in my argument. This book has two major quotes that will shape my argument. Alan Turing Defines Machine intelligence “The extent to which we regard something as behaving in an intelli ...
Dartmouth Conference: The Founding Fathers of AI Herbert Simon
... Turing without influence, disillusioned (…full ACE was not actually complete until 1957 (obsolete)) ...
... Turing without influence, disillusioned (…full ACE was not actually complete until 1957 (obsolete)) ...
Dartmouth Conference: The Founding Fathers of AI Herbert Simon
... Turing without influence, disillusioned (…full ACE was not actually complete until 1957 (obsolete)) ...
... Turing without influence, disillusioned (…full ACE was not actually complete until 1957 (obsolete)) ...
The Phil of AI 2 - Digital Encyclopedia of Charles S. Peirce
... They interpreted them as sets of physical patterns they called "symbols", which can occur in components of other patterns they called "expressions" (or "symbol structures"). Relative to sets of alphanumerical (alphabetical and numerical) characters (ASCII or EBCDIC, for example), expressions are se ...
... They interpreted them as sets of physical patterns they called "symbols", which can occur in components of other patterns they called "expressions" (or "symbol structures"). Relative to sets of alphanumerical (alphabetical and numerical) characters (ASCII or EBCDIC, for example), expressions are se ...
CSCI 5582 Artificial Intelligence
... A set of symbols that can be printed on the squares A set of rules specifying exactly what the machine can do next, given the position it’s in and the symbol it’s reading. E.g.: – If the current state is A and the cell under the head has “0” then rewrite this as “1”, move the head right, and change ...
... A set of symbols that can be printed on the squares A set of rules specifying exactly what the machine can do next, given the position it’s in and the symbol it’s reading. E.g.: – If the current state is A and the cell under the head has “0” then rewrite this as “1”, move the head right, and change ...
turing test - Department of Intelligent Systems
... • Later, most of us first recognized a human posture with peripheral vision and then remembered – it is just Angie • A couple of very negative reactions (non-scientist middle-aged ladies) protesting at the director to remove the mannequin • How is this possible? – other reports also mention protests ...
... • Later, most of us first recognized a human posture with peripheral vision and then remembered – it is just Angie • A couple of very negative reactions (non-scientist middle-aged ladies) protesting at the director to remove the mannequin • How is this possible? – other reports also mention protests ...
1996TuringIntro
... but dismisses the idea that the “spark”, when it comes, is really “divine” or in any other way essentially resistant to mechanical modelling. It may indeed not be strictly algorithmic - but that is because it is fallible (and hence non-effective, in the technical sense), being based on such trains o ...
... but dismisses the idea that the “spark”, when it comes, is really “divine” or in any other way essentially resistant to mechanical modelling. It may indeed not be strictly algorithmic - but that is because it is fallible (and hence non-effective, in the technical sense), being based on such trains o ...
Week 11
... computer could actually be intelligent or thinking For many people, the biggest obstacle to artificial intelligence is the question of consciousness: could a computer actually be conscious or (self)-aware? How could we tell if it were conscious? ...
... computer could actually be intelligent or thinking For many people, the biggest obstacle to artificial intelligence is the question of consciousness: could a computer actually be conscious or (self)-aware? How could we tell if it were conscious? ...
Flaws of the Turing test
... Griffin, A. (2012) Turing test breakthrough as super-computer becomes first to convince us it’s human, The Independent - Tech, 6 January. Available from: http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/computer-becomes-first-to-pass-turing-test-inartificial-intelligence-milestone-but-academ ...
... Griffin, A. (2012) Turing test breakthrough as super-computer becomes first to convince us it’s human, The Independent - Tech, 6 January. Available from: http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/computer-becomes-first-to-pass-turing-test-inartificial-intelligence-milestone-but-academ ...
PDF - The Institute for Christian Teaching
... Godel proved that mathematics based upon formal methods could not be both complete and consistent. In other words, if all mathematical problems had solutions, then it is necessarily true that there exist mathematical statements which are simultaneously true and false or if there are no simultaneousl ...
... Godel proved that mathematics based upon formal methods could not be both complete and consistent. In other words, if all mathematical problems had solutions, then it is necessarily true that there exist mathematical statements which are simultaneously true and false or if there are no simultaneousl ...
If intelligence is uncomputable, then…
... way. (If you don’t understand this shorthand, you can skip the next paragraph.) Computers – both human and electronic – can be thought of as evaluating the totally computable functions – functions that are in Σ0 of the Kleene hierarchy [5]. Mathematicians, who prove theorems in formal systems, can b ...
... way. (If you don’t understand this shorthand, you can skip the next paragraph.) Computers – both human and electronic – can be thought of as evaluating the totally computable functions – functions that are in Σ0 of the Kleene hierarchy [5]. Mathematicians, who prove theorems in formal systems, can b ...
1950 – birth of AI, Turing test - Department of Intelligent Systems
... Donald was 1 month per year in Ivan’s room at JSI. Now at JSI Turing’s room, Donald Michie’s room Sobotna priloga Dela: Let this be in memory of Donald Michie as Turing’s contemporary and our dear colleague, and the extreme genius Alan Turing that marked the lives of every human in the world as hard ...
... Donald was 1 month per year in Ivan’s room at JSI. Now at JSI Turing’s room, Donald Michie’s room Sobotna priloga Dela: Let this be in memory of Donald Michie as Turing’s contemporary and our dear colleague, and the extreme genius Alan Turing that marked the lives of every human in the world as hard ...
artificial intelligence: from the foundations of mathematics to
... equivalent solutions to Hilbert's problem [COHE90]. Like Godel they proved that math could not be both consistent and complete. Moreover, they defined precisely the notion of an algorithm and used it to prove that mathematics was not computable; i.e., it was not even possible to mechanically decide ...
... equivalent solutions to Hilbert's problem [COHE90]. Like Godel they proved that math could not be both consistent and complete. Moreover, they defined precisely the notion of an algorithm and used it to prove that mathematics was not computable; i.e., it was not even possible to mechanically decide ...
http://ict.aiias.edu/vol_07/07cc_173-187.pdf
... equivalent solutions to Hilbert's problem [COHE90]. Like Godel they proved that math could not be both consistent and complete. Moreover, they defined precisely the notion of an algorithm and used it to prove that mathematics was not computable; i.e., it was not even possible to mechanically decide ...
... equivalent solutions to Hilbert's problem [COHE90]. Like Godel they proved that math could not be both consistent and complete. Moreover, they defined precisely the notion of an algorithm and used it to prove that mathematics was not computable; i.e., it was not even possible to mechanically decide ...
TOK essay preparation (Steve Reynolds 2011) - DPC
... intelligence’ (e.g. empathy)? How can we ever know if AI feels unless we are also AI? Claim: Newell & Simon’s, ‘Physical symbol system hypothesis’ states that all knowledge exists through symbols and therefore AI has sufficiency to ‘know’. Counter claim: Dreyfus argues humans depend on unconscious i ...
... intelligence’ (e.g. empathy)? How can we ever know if AI feels unless we are also AI? Claim: Newell & Simon’s, ‘Physical symbol system hypothesis’ states that all knowledge exists through symbols and therefore AI has sufficiency to ‘know’. Counter claim: Dreyfus argues humans depend on unconscious i ...
Programming and Problem Solving with Java: Chapter 14
... This is the view that a sufficiently programmed computer would actually be intelligent and would think in the same way that a human does. ...
... This is the view that a sufficiently programmed computer would actually be intelligent and would think in the same way that a human does. ...
Russell S , Norvig P Artificial Intelligence
... along two main dimensions. Roughly, the ones on top are concerned with thought processes and reasoning, whereas the ones on the bottom address The definitions on the left measure success in terms of fidelity to human performance, whereas the ones on the right measure against an ideal concept of inte ...
... along two main dimensions. Roughly, the ones on top are concerned with thought processes and reasoning, whereas the ones on the bottom address The definitions on the left measure success in terms of fidelity to human performance, whereas the ones on the right measure against an ideal concept of inte ...
TURING TEST
... what she’s actually doing is looking up information very quickly. So calling Julie ‘intelligent’ is like calling a person ‘knowledgeable’ when all he does is look up facts in an encyclopedia.” George Lowe agrees: “It’s not knowledge, but experience that makes us intelligent.” Experience isn’t the on ...
... what she’s actually doing is looking up information very quickly. So calling Julie ‘intelligent’ is like calling a person ‘knowledgeable’ when all he does is look up facts in an encyclopedia.” George Lowe agrees: “It’s not knowledge, but experience that makes us intelligent.” Experience isn’t the on ...
What is Artificial Intelligence?
... This is the view that a sufficiently programmed computer would actually be intelligent and would think in the same way that a human does. ...
... This is the view that a sufficiently programmed computer would actually be intelligent and would think in the same way that a human does. ...
Chinese room
The Chinese room is a thought experiment presented by the philosopher John Searle to challenge the claim that it is possible for a computer running a program to have a ""mind"" and ""consciousness"" in the same sense that people do, simply by virtue of running the right program. The experiment is intended to help refute a philosophical position that Searle named ""strong AI"":""The appropriately programmed computer with the right inputs and outputs would thereby have a mind in exactly the same sense human beings have minds.""To contest this view, Searle writes in his first description of the argument: ""Suppose that I'm locked in a room and ... that I know no Chinese, either written or spoken"". He further supposes that he has a set of rules in English that ""enable me to correlate one set of formal symbols with another set of formal symbols"", that is, the Chinese characters. These rules allow him to respond, in written Chinese, to questions, also written in Chinese, in such a way that the posers of the questions – who do understand Chinese – are convinced that Searle can actually understand the Chinese conversation too, even though he cannot. Similarly, he argues that if there is a computer program that allows a computer to carry on an intelligent conversation in a written language, the computer executing the program would not understand the conversation either.The experiment is the centerpiece of Searle's Chinese room argument which holds that a program cannot give a computer a ""mind"", ""understanding"" or ""consciousness"", regardless of how intelligently it may make it behave. The argument is directed against the philosophical positions of functionalism and computationalism, which hold that the mind may be viewed as an information processing system operating on formal symbols. Although it was originally presented in reaction to the statements of artificial intelligence (AI) researchers, it is not an argument against the goals of AI research, because it does not limit the amount of intelligence a machine can display. The argument applies only to digital computers and does not apply to machines in general. This kind of argument against AI was described by John Haugeland as the ""hollow shell"" argument.Searle's argument first appeared in his paper ""Minds, Brains, and Programs"", published in Behavioral and Brain Sciences in 1980. It has been widely discussed in the years since.