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The Distribution of Polycomb-Group Proteins During Cell Division
... et al., 1995; Kanno et al., 1995; Mueller et al., 1995; Pearce et al., 1992; van der Lugt et al., 1994; van Lohuizen et al., 1991). It may be assumed that a better understanding of the mechanism of PcG-mediated repression in Drosophila will have broad ramifications with respect to the problem of dev ...
... et al., 1995; Kanno et al., 1995; Mueller et al., 1995; Pearce et al., 1992; van der Lugt et al., 1994; van Lohuizen et al., 1991). It may be assumed that a better understanding of the mechanism of PcG-mediated repression in Drosophila will have broad ramifications with respect to the problem of dev ...
Identification of the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
... 4P2) and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns3,4,5P3; reviewed by Katso et al., 2001; Rameh and Cantley, 1999). Downstream targets containing specialized domains, such as pleckstrin-homology (PH) domains, that specifically bind to these lipid products of PI3K are then activated. These ac ...
... 4P2) and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns3,4,5P3; reviewed by Katso et al., 2001; Rameh and Cantley, 1999). Downstream targets containing specialized domains, such as pleckstrin-homology (PH) domains, that specifically bind to these lipid products of PI3K are then activated. These ac ...
Probing the receptor recognition site of the FimH adhesin by f
... chosen to exploit the compatibility of type 1 fimbriae with another fimbrial system, namely F1C fimbriae. Unlike type 1 fimbriae, F1C fimbriae do not target to Dmannosides; in fact, they do not agglutinate any known red blood cells or yeasts. However, they are known to confer adhesion to an unknown ...
... chosen to exploit the compatibility of type 1 fimbriae with another fimbrial system, namely F1C fimbriae. Unlike type 1 fimbriae, F1C fimbriae do not target to Dmannosides; in fact, they do not agglutinate any known red blood cells or yeasts. However, they are known to confer adhesion to an unknown ...
Abscisic Acid–Induced Transcription Is Mediated by
... seeds (Finkelstein, 1994; Finkelstein and Lynch, 2000; LopezMolina and Chua, 2000). Physical interaction between ABI3 and ABI5 also has been demonstrated by yeast two-hybrid assays (Nakamura et al., 2001). In addition to its function in late embryogenesis, ABI5 is suggested to play a role in a check ...
... seeds (Finkelstein, 1994; Finkelstein and Lynch, 2000; LopezMolina and Chua, 2000). Physical interaction between ABI3 and ABI5 also has been demonstrated by yeast two-hybrid assays (Nakamura et al., 2001). In addition to its function in late embryogenesis, ABI5 is suggested to play a role in a check ...
p66a and p66b of the Mi-2/NuRD complex
... methylation-mediated gene repression has been shown to involve several aspects. In addition to changing the DNA structure (6), binding of several regulatory factors is influenced or inhibited. This has been shown for the DNA binding factors NF-kB (7), E2F (8), CpG binding protein CGBP (9), GABP (10, ...
... methylation-mediated gene repression has been shown to involve several aspects. In addition to changing the DNA structure (6), binding of several regulatory factors is influenced or inhibited. This has been shown for the DNA binding factors NF-kB (7), E2F (8), CpG binding protein CGBP (9), GABP (10, ...
The unfolded protein response: an intracellular
... The unfolded protein response (UPR) is induced following the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and results in the upregulation of genes encoding ER-resident enzymes involved in protein folding1–3. Thus, the cell is able to increase the folding capacity ...
... The unfolded protein response (UPR) is induced following the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and results in the upregulation of genes encoding ER-resident enzymes involved in protein folding1–3. Thus, the cell is able to increase the folding capacity ...
Molecular identification of 26 syntaxin genes and
... analysis (Figure 3), taking advantage of the fact that functional conservation should be reflected by sequence conservation. The analysis of the evolutionary relationships reveals that many of the PtSyx proteins are clustering together with syntaxin families of well-known intracellular locations and ...
... analysis (Figure 3), taking advantage of the fact that functional conservation should be reflected by sequence conservation. The analysis of the evolutionary relationships reveals that many of the PtSyx proteins are clustering together with syntaxin families of well-known intracellular locations and ...
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... thus resulting in the phosphorylation of serine 171 of CRTC2 and its tight association with 14-3-3 proteins in the cytosol. AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its related kinases (AMPKRKs), including salt inducible kinase (SIK)1 and SIK2, are associated with the phosphorylation of this residue ...
... thus resulting in the phosphorylation of serine 171 of CRTC2 and its tight association with 14-3-3 proteins in the cytosol. AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its related kinases (AMPKRKs), including salt inducible kinase (SIK)1 and SIK2, are associated with the phosphorylation of this residue ...
full lab details and projects
... particularly in photoreceptors. Furthermore, how altered positioning of basal bodies influences pathology is not fully understood. Little is known about the mechanisms controlling basal body docking and other early steps of cilia formation. By understanding the mechanisms governing ciliary positioni ...
... particularly in photoreceptors. Furthermore, how altered positioning of basal bodies influences pathology is not fully understood. Little is known about the mechanisms controlling basal body docking and other early steps of cilia formation. By understanding the mechanisms governing ciliary positioni ...
The TEA Transcription Factor Tec1 Links TOR and MAPK Pathways
... interconnected to allow integration of multiple signals and to ensure activation of the correct cellular programs. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is well suited to study the mechanisms of signal integration in eukaryotes, because numerous evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways are p ...
... interconnected to allow integration of multiple signals and to ensure activation of the correct cellular programs. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is well suited to study the mechanisms of signal integration in eukaryotes, because numerous evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways are p ...
Figure 17. Ptc1 expression in Tulp3 mutant limb buds
... The Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted signalling factors play diverse roles in animal development. In mammals, the Hh ortholog Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is critical for the proper formation of the limbs, central nervous system, and axial skeleton, amoung other tissues. Mutations affecting the function of ...
... The Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted signalling factors play diverse roles in animal development. In mammals, the Hh ortholog Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is critical for the proper formation of the limbs, central nervous system, and axial skeleton, amoung other tissues. Mutations affecting the function of ...
Computational design of a pH-sensitive IgG binding
... the pH to 3. However, at such low pH, aggregation and denaturation of the antibody and of Fc-fusion proteins often occur (3–6), resulting in reduced yields (7). pH-dependent binding occurs if protonation of an ionizable residue, such as histidine, shifts the binding equilibrium. Previous efforts to ...
... the pH to 3. However, at such low pH, aggregation and denaturation of the antibody and of Fc-fusion proteins often occur (3–6), resulting in reduced yields (7). pH-dependent binding occurs if protonation of an ionizable residue, such as histidine, shifts the binding equilibrium. Previous efforts to ...
IDEXX Urine Sediment Guide
... How to perform a dry prep/line smear Performing a dry prep or line smear is an extremely cost-effective means of confirming the presence or absence of bacteria, of differentiating between cocci and short rods, and for characterizing various cellular elements in the urine sample. ...
... How to perform a dry prep/line smear Performing a dry prep or line smear is an extremely cost-effective means of confirming the presence or absence of bacteria, of differentiating between cocci and short rods, and for characterizing various cellular elements in the urine sample. ...
The lin-41 RBCC Gene Acts in the C. elegans Heterochronic
... and found that seam cell development in hermaphrodites proceeded normally until the L3 molt, when some seam cells precociously underwent the L/A switch (Figure 2). lin-41(n2914) animals carrying a lin-41(⫹) transgenic array (C12C8 in Figure 3A) and presumably containing a higher than normal dosage o ...
... and found that seam cell development in hermaphrodites proceeded normally until the L3 molt, when some seam cells precociously underwent the L/A switch (Figure 2). lin-41(n2914) animals carrying a lin-41(⫹) transgenic array (C12C8 in Figure 3A) and presumably containing a higher than normal dosage o ...
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... Abstract: Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays crucial roles in the patterning and morphogenesis of various organs within the bodies of vertebrates and insects. Endochondral ossification is one of the notable developmental events in which Hh signaling acts as a master regulator. Among three Hh proteins in ...
... Abstract: Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays crucial roles in the patterning and morphogenesis of various organs within the bodies of vertebrates and insects. Endochondral ossification is one of the notable developmental events in which Hh signaling acts as a master regulator. Among three Hh proteins in ...
Hormones and Signal Transduction III
... RAS RAS is a Family of Related Proteins Each is Monomeric and like the α-subunit of G-Proteins RAS Proteins Bind Guanine Nucleotides RAS Swaps GDP for GTP on Activation RAS Slowly Cleaves GTP to GDP ...
... RAS RAS is a Family of Related Proteins Each is Monomeric and like the α-subunit of G-Proteins RAS Proteins Bind Guanine Nucleotides RAS Swaps GDP for GTP on Activation RAS Slowly Cleaves GTP to GDP ...
C. elegans - York College of Pennsylvania
... http://web.science.uu.nl/developmentalbiology/boxem/images/adult_worm.jpg ...
... http://web.science.uu.nl/developmentalbiology/boxem/images/adult_worm.jpg ...
Protein Kinase A Activation Down-Regulates, Whereas Extracellular
... is unknown. Other factors in addition to binding may also be involved. Monoaminergic systems are related to the action of methamphetamine and cocaine. Of these, the dopaminergic system plays an important role in the methamphetamine- or cocaine-induced sensitization in animals. There are two superfam ...
... is unknown. Other factors in addition to binding may also be involved. Monoaminergic systems are related to the action of methamphetamine and cocaine. Of these, the dopaminergic system plays an important role in the methamphetamine- or cocaine-induced sensitization in animals. There are two superfam ...
A, B, C… γ!
... HDL particle.11 Upregulation of ABC1 expression is likely to enhance cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells and may also result in increased HDL levels, especially in settings in which there is increased formation of free apoA-I or small HDL in the bloodstream. This might include the common a ...
... HDL particle.11 Upregulation of ABC1 expression is likely to enhance cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells and may also result in increased HDL levels, especially in settings in which there is increased formation of free apoA-I or small HDL in the bloodstream. This might include the common a ...
Adenovirus Overrides Cellular Checkpoints for Protein Translation
... caused by inactivating mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2. In addition, the genetic cancer syndrome Peutz-Jeghers disease is caused by inactivating mutations in LKB1, a protein kinase that activates AMPK in response to increased cellular AMP/ATP ratios, such as occurs on nutrient withdrawal (Fig. 2). ...
... caused by inactivating mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2. In addition, the genetic cancer syndrome Peutz-Jeghers disease is caused by inactivating mutations in LKB1, a protein kinase that activates AMPK in response to increased cellular AMP/ATP ratios, such as occurs on nutrient withdrawal (Fig. 2). ...
Skb5, an SH3 adaptor protein, regulates Pmk1 MAPK signaling by
... to target the Raf–MEK–ERK MAPK pathway and be important for cancer therapeutics. The MAPK pathway transmits its signal through the sequential phosphorylation of MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) to MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) to MAPKs (Zheng and Guan, 1993; Gardner et al., 1994). Hence, protein phosphatases, ...
... to target the Raf–MEK–ERK MAPK pathway and be important for cancer therapeutics. The MAPK pathway transmits its signal through the sequential phosphorylation of MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) to MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) to MAPKs (Zheng and Guan, 1993; Gardner et al., 1994). Hence, protein phosphatases, ...
1. Introduction Chemotaxis Chemotaxis is the net movement of a
... The E. coli genome encodes one chemotaxis operon consisting of the necessary molecular components for the signaling pathway [12, 13]. CheA is an autophosphorylating histidine kinase that associates with the C-terminal domain of the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) via the adapter protein ...
... The E. coli genome encodes one chemotaxis operon consisting of the necessary molecular components for the signaling pathway [12, 13]. CheA is an autophosphorylating histidine kinase that associates with the C-terminal domain of the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) via the adapter protein ...
Purine Riboswitch
... In general, a riboswitch is a naturally occurring sensor that directly controls gene expression through its ability to bind various small molecule metabolites. This molecule in particular is a guanineresponsive riboswitch that controls the transcription of genes through the binding of hypoxanthine, ...
... In general, a riboswitch is a naturally occurring sensor that directly controls gene expression through its ability to bind various small molecule metabolites. This molecule in particular is a guanineresponsive riboswitch that controls the transcription of genes through the binding of hypoxanthine, ...
Discovery of a novel ligand that modulates the
... linear amino acid motif1 that provides opportunities for sequence based hotspots to be identied. Developing methods to capture such consensus linear motifs of a target protein would complement the technology currently used to discover PPIs. The AAA+ (ATPase associated with various cellular activiti ...
... linear amino acid motif1 that provides opportunities for sequence based hotspots to be identied. Developing methods to capture such consensus linear motifs of a target protein would complement the technology currently used to discover PPIs. The AAA+ (ATPase associated with various cellular activiti ...
Hedgehog signaling pathway
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Denticlebands.png?width=300)
The Hedgehog signaling pathway (or signalling pathway; see spelling differences) is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper development. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include basal cell carcinoma.The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of animal development and is present in all bilaterians. The pathway takes its name from its polypeptide ligand, an intercellular signaling molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) found in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. Hh is one of Drosophila's segment polarity gene products, involved in establishing the basis of the fly body plan. The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis.Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, DHH, IHH, and SHH, of which Sonic (SHH) is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development. In knockout mice lacking components of the pathway, the brain, skeleton, musculature, gastrointestinal tract and lungs fail to develop correctly. Recent studies point to the role of Hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues. The pathway has also been implicated in the development of some cancers. Drugs that specifically target Hedgehog signaling to fight this disease are being actively developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.