![Signaling](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008223668_2-2d14dcc7314d0fd22fbda48f669c502a-300x300.png)
Signaling
... Some G protein linked receptors linked to Gq activate Ca2+ signaling PIP2 plays an important role in Ca2+ signaling PI ...
... Some G protein linked receptors linked to Gq activate Ca2+ signaling PIP2 plays an important role in Ca2+ signaling PI ...
to the complete text
... the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton. Inactivation of the racE gene in Dictyostelium, for example, results in abnormal actin aggregates and defects in cytokinesis suggesting a role for racE in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton [14]. Overexpression of RacC, another Rac isoform, has been s ...
... the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton. Inactivation of the racE gene in Dictyostelium, for example, results in abnormal actin aggregates and defects in cytokinesis suggesting a role for racE in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton [14]. Overexpression of RacC, another Rac isoform, has been s ...
Populus endobetamannanase PtrMAN6 plays a role in coordinating
... 474 Yunjun Zhao et al. Galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (GGMOs, with degree of polymerization (DP) 4-8) are considered to be a type of signaling molecule that affects cell differentiation. Exogenous GGMOs affect SCW thickening by regulating the differentiation of protoxylem-like TEs and metaxyle ...
... 474 Yunjun Zhao et al. Galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (GGMOs, with degree of polymerization (DP) 4-8) are considered to be a type of signaling molecule that affects cell differentiation. Exogenous GGMOs affect SCW thickening by regulating the differentiation of protoxylem-like TEs and metaxyle ...
Silica nanoparticles enhance autophagic activity, disturb endothelial
... statement has already reached several new conclusions, especially on the evidence that exposure to elevated levels of PM2.5 is strongly linked with ischemic heart diseases (IHD); yet, the toxicological mechanisms for the cardiovascular effects of ultrafine (<0.1 μm) particles are still unclear [13,1 ...
... statement has already reached several new conclusions, especially on the evidence that exposure to elevated levels of PM2.5 is strongly linked with ischemic heart diseases (IHD); yet, the toxicological mechanisms for the cardiovascular effects of ultrafine (<0.1 μm) particles are still unclear [13,1 ...
SED4 Encodes a Yeast Endoplasmic Reticulum
... m e m b r a n e and as part of the coat of transport vesicles. In a screen to find functionally related genes, we isolated SED4 as a dosage-dependent suppressor of temperature-sensitive SECl6 mutations. Sed4p is an integral E R membrane protein whose cytosolic domain binds to the COOH-terminal domai ...
... m e m b r a n e and as part of the coat of transport vesicles. In a screen to find functionally related genes, we isolated SED4 as a dosage-dependent suppressor of temperature-sensitive SECl6 mutations. Sed4p is an integral E R membrane protein whose cytosolic domain binds to the COOH-terminal domai ...
Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in branching
... a significant extent during branch formation. Indeed, extensive AJ remodeling is required for the generation of most tracheal branches of a late Drosophila embryo, and individual steps in the remodeling process have been described in dorsal branch formation (27, 48). During the early stages of branc ...
... a significant extent during branch formation. Indeed, extensive AJ remodeling is required for the generation of most tracheal branches of a late Drosophila embryo, and individual steps in the remodeling process have been described in dorsal branch formation (27, 48). During the early stages of branc ...
receptors
... Calcium in signaling (continued) • Calcium concentrations can be released by opening calcium channels in the plasma membrane, as in neuronal signaling • Calcium can also be released from storage in the ER through the IP3 receptor channel • The IP3 receptor channel and the ryanodine receptor channel ...
... Calcium in signaling (continued) • Calcium concentrations can be released by opening calcium channels in the plasma membrane, as in neuronal signaling • Calcium can also be released from storage in the ER through the IP3 receptor channel • The IP3 receptor channel and the ryanodine receptor channel ...
Membrane Protein Sorting in the Yeast Secretory Pathway
... bodies that are similar to those containing Kex2p in size, abundance, and distribution. In this paper, a combined gene fusion and mutational analysis was used to show that no single domain of DPAP B is required for vacuolar localization. Furthermore, both overproduction of DPAP A and a mutation in t ...
... bodies that are similar to those containing Kex2p in size, abundance, and distribution. In this paper, a combined gene fusion and mutational analysis was used to show that no single domain of DPAP B is required for vacuolar localization. Furthermore, both overproduction of DPAP A and a mutation in t ...
Global absolute quantification reveals tight regulation of protein
... ing studies have revealed cellular heterogeneity and stochastic gene expression at the single-cell level, which are overseen in analyses on cell populations. Such single cell variations can be caused by differences in cell-cycle phase, developmental stage, local signaling concentrations, transcripti ...
... ing studies have revealed cellular heterogeneity and stochastic gene expression at the single-cell level, which are overseen in analyses on cell populations. Such single cell variations can be caused by differences in cell-cycle phase, developmental stage, local signaling concentrations, transcripti ...
Structural determinants for rCNT2 sorting to the plasma membrane
... been described as a key player in energy metabolism, necessary for the activation of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) by extracellular adenosine [12]. Interestingly, the only proteins known so far to interact directly with rCNT2 are the glycolitic enzyme aldolase B and the glucose-dependent chape ...
... been described as a key player in energy metabolism, necessary for the activation of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) by extracellular adenosine [12]. Interestingly, the only proteins known so far to interact directly with rCNT2 are the glycolitic enzyme aldolase B and the glucose-dependent chape ...
Redox regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatases during receptor
... Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Università di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy ...
... Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Università di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy ...
The ANGUSTIFOLIA gene of Arabidopsis, a
... immunohistochemical staining and by monitoring the expression of the TUBULIN6::Green Fluorescent Protein (TUB6::GFP) gene for the TUB6±GFP fusion protein. We analyzed the orientation of MTs in epidermal cells and in the subepidermal layer of cells (palisade cells) on the adaxial side of the leaf. As ...
... immunohistochemical staining and by monitoring the expression of the TUBULIN6::Green Fluorescent Protein (TUB6::GFP) gene for the TUB6±GFP fusion protein. We analyzed the orientation of MTs in epidermal cells and in the subepidermal layer of cells (palisade cells) on the adaxial side of the leaf. As ...
GYP5 - Genetics
... shown to be a GAP for Ypt1p (DE ANTONI et al. 2002), a Rab GTPase involved in ER to Golgi trafficking (BACON et al. 1989, SEGEV, 1991; for review see LAZAR et al. 1997). Gyl1p is a protein with sequence similarity to Gyp5 and has been shown to colocalize with Gyp5p (CHESNEAU et al. 2004). We show th ...
... shown to be a GAP for Ypt1p (DE ANTONI et al. 2002), a Rab GTPase involved in ER to Golgi trafficking (BACON et al. 1989, SEGEV, 1991; for review see LAZAR et al. 1997). Gyl1p is a protein with sequence similarity to Gyp5 and has been shown to colocalize with Gyp5p (CHESNEAU et al. 2004). We show th ...
Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential triggers the
... Rtg1–Rtg3 transcription factor, allowing its translocation to the nucleus (Sekito et al., 2000; Dilova et al., 2002, 2004). The Rtg1– Rtg3 transcription factor binds to the sequence GTCAC in the target genes’ promoters resulting in increased expression of these genes (Liao and Butow, 1993; Rothermel ...
... Rtg1–Rtg3 transcription factor, allowing its translocation to the nucleus (Sekito et al., 2000; Dilova et al., 2002, 2004). The Rtg1– Rtg3 transcription factor binds to the sequence GTCAC in the target genes’ promoters resulting in increased expression of these genes (Liao and Butow, 1993; Rothermel ...
Phosphotyrosine dependent proteinprotein interaction network
... covalent post-translational modification (PTM), especially phosphorylation of proteins already present. Modifications are recognized by interacting proteins effectively rewiring cellular networks by switching PPIs on or off. Thus, signals are propagated through PTM-mediated, that is, conditional, PP ...
... covalent post-translational modification (PTM), especially phosphorylation of proteins already present. Modifications are recognized by interacting proteins effectively rewiring cellular networks by switching PPIs on or off. Thus, signals are propagated through PTM-mediated, that is, conditional, PP ...
Short Article Zebrafish Slow Muscle Cell Migration Induces a Wave
... All panels are side views, anterior left (except C″, D″). Donor cells were isochronically transplanted into host embryos at the blastula stage as previously described (Amacher and Kimmel, 1998). The genotype of donors and hosts was determined at the 18- to 24somite stage. (A and B) Wild-type cells d ...
... All panels are side views, anterior left (except C″, D″). Donor cells were isochronically transplanted into host embryos at the blastula stage as previously described (Amacher and Kimmel, 1998). The genotype of donors and hosts was determined at the 18- to 24somite stage. (A and B) Wild-type cells d ...
The orphan histidine protein kinase SgmT is a cdiGMP receptor and
... ensures specificity in TCS signalling and precludes deleterious cross-talk in vivo depends on the kinetic preference of cognate TCS protein pairs for each other (Skerker et al., 2005; Laub and Goulian, 2007). Typically, cognate TCS partners are encoded by adjacent genes and easily recognized (Stock ...
... ensures specificity in TCS signalling and precludes deleterious cross-talk in vivo depends on the kinetic preference of cognate TCS protein pairs for each other (Skerker et al., 2005; Laub and Goulian, 2007). Typically, cognate TCS partners are encoded by adjacent genes and easily recognized (Stock ...
The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has two distinct
... 3 -end processing of both nuclear and mitochondrial pre-tRNAs. Indeed, Drosophila tRNase ZL , also called JHI-1 (juvenile hormone-inducible protein 1), participates in both nuclear and mitochondrial pre-tRNA 3 -end processing [16]. Both ScTrz1p (S. cerevisiae tRNase ZL ) [17,18] and ELAC2 [19,20] ...
... 3 -end processing of both nuclear and mitochondrial pre-tRNAs. Indeed, Drosophila tRNase ZL , also called JHI-1 (juvenile hormone-inducible protein 1), participates in both nuclear and mitochondrial pre-tRNA 3 -end processing [16]. Both ScTrz1p (S. cerevisiae tRNase ZL ) [17,18] and ELAC2 [19,20] ...
A Cytoplasm to Vacuole Targeting Pathway in P. pastoris
... conditions of PpApe1‑CFP in the absence of P. pastoris orthologs of proteins involved in all autophagy‑related pathways (PpAtg5, PpAtg8, PpAtg9, and PpVps15), or in the absence of two proteins (PpAtg11 and PpVac8) required only for the Cvt pathway in S. cerevisiae (Fig. 2A and B). Whereas in wild‑t ...
... conditions of PpApe1‑CFP in the absence of P. pastoris orthologs of proteins involved in all autophagy‑related pathways (PpAtg5, PpAtg8, PpAtg9, and PpVps15), or in the absence of two proteins (PpAtg11 and PpVac8) required only for the Cvt pathway in S. cerevisiae (Fig. 2A and B). Whereas in wild‑t ...
Independent Project - Classroom
... these questions has been the source of countless hours of research and experimental study for over a hundred years, and while extensive knowledge has been produced on this topic, many questions are still left to be answered. Regeneration covers a number of different processes and is found in all spe ...
... these questions has been the source of countless hours of research and experimental study for over a hundred years, and while extensive knowledge has been produced on this topic, many questions are still left to be answered. Regeneration covers a number of different processes and is found in all spe ...
Gene Section CSNK1A1 (casein kinase 1, alpha 1) in Oncology and Haematology
... Hämmerlein A, Weiske J, Huber O. A second protein kinase CK1-mediated step negatively regulates Wnt signalling by disrupting the lymphocyte enhancer factor-1/beta-catenin complex. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005 Mar;62(5):606-18 ...
... Hämmerlein A, Weiske J, Huber O. A second protein kinase CK1-mediated step negatively regulates Wnt signalling by disrupting the lymphocyte enhancer factor-1/beta-catenin complex. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005 Mar;62(5):606-18 ...
Bioinformatics tools as JAWB (Just another Western Blot)
... Networks of “interactions” predict global function • Having the network of proteins/genes in which your protein/gene is inserted ...
... Networks of “interactions” predict global function • Having the network of proteins/genes in which your protein/gene is inserted ...
The Notch-target gene hairy2a impedes the involution of
... overlapping domains (Fig. 2B,B′). In the DNIMZ, the outer limit of foxa4a coincides with the hairy2a arc that marks the prospective notoplate (asterisks). While the entire DIMZ in the organiser expresses foxa4a, only some scattered cells are hairy2a+ (arrow). At this stage, single in situ hybridizat ...
... overlapping domains (Fig. 2B,B′). In the DNIMZ, the outer limit of foxa4a coincides with the hairy2a arc that marks the prospective notoplate (asterisks). While the entire DIMZ in the organiser expresses foxa4a, only some scattered cells are hairy2a+ (arrow). At this stage, single in situ hybridizat ...
A mitochondrial specific stress response in mammalian cells
... Mammalian Cpn60 and Cpn10 genes share a single, bidirectional promoter (Ryan et al., 1997b). This promoter was linked at either end to chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) and luciferase (LUC) reporter cDNAs (Figure 2C). When co-transfected into COS-7 cells expressing either wild-type or mutant ...
... Mammalian Cpn60 and Cpn10 genes share a single, bidirectional promoter (Ryan et al., 1997b). This promoter was linked at either end to chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) and luciferase (LUC) reporter cDNAs (Figure 2C). When co-transfected into COS-7 cells expressing either wild-type or mutant ...
Formation of the leading edge boundary
... from cells of the rest of the dorsal ectoderm that localize Fasciclin III cortically. Finally, in some experiments, we have used dpp transcripts to confirm the fate of LE cells. Since dpp gene expression is not exclusively restricted to LE cells but, rather, shows a dynamic pattern of transcript acc ...
... from cells of the rest of the dorsal ectoderm that localize Fasciclin III cortically. Finally, in some experiments, we have used dpp transcripts to confirm the fate of LE cells. Since dpp gene expression is not exclusively restricted to LE cells but, rather, shows a dynamic pattern of transcript acc ...
Hedgehog signaling pathway
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Denticlebands.png?width=300)
The Hedgehog signaling pathway (or signalling pathway; see spelling differences) is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper development. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include basal cell carcinoma.The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of animal development and is present in all bilaterians. The pathway takes its name from its polypeptide ligand, an intercellular signaling molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) found in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. Hh is one of Drosophila's segment polarity gene products, involved in establishing the basis of the fly body plan. The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis.Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, DHH, IHH, and SHH, of which Sonic (SHH) is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development. In knockout mice lacking components of the pathway, the brain, skeleton, musculature, gastrointestinal tract and lungs fail to develop correctly. Recent studies point to the role of Hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues. The pathway has also been implicated in the development of some cancers. Drugs that specifically target Hedgehog signaling to fight this disease are being actively developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.