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Octamer-binding transcription factors: genomics and functions
... of the Oct transcription factors. It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cells and either positively or negatively regulates the expression of a variety of genes. These genes include the RNA polymerase II-transcribed and ubiquitously expressed histone H2B gene (49, 50), tissuespecific immu ...
... of the Oct transcription factors. It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cells and either positively or negatively regulates the expression of a variety of genes. These genes include the RNA polymerase II-transcribed and ubiquitously expressed histone H2B gene (49, 50), tissuespecific immu ...
as a PDF
... The evolutionary transition from unicellular to multicellular organisms was predicated on the development of a mechanism for cell-cell signaling. Transmembrane signaling events underlie a myriad of developmental processes including morphogenesis, pattern formation and differentiation. The adult mult ...
... The evolutionary transition from unicellular to multicellular organisms was predicated on the development of a mechanism for cell-cell signaling. Transmembrane signaling events underlie a myriad of developmental processes including morphogenesis, pattern formation and differentiation. The adult mult ...
Promiscuous partnering and independent activity of MexB, the
... form the pore domain and OprM-docking domain. The overall architecture of the proteins from the MexAB–OprM complex closely resembles that of the proteins in the AcrAB–TolC complex from E. coli [4,8–11]. The structure of an assembled tripartite complex has not yet been determined and, despite the ava ...
... form the pore domain and OprM-docking domain. The overall architecture of the proteins from the MexAB–OprM complex closely resembles that of the proteins in the AcrAB–TolC complex from E. coli [4,8–11]. The structure of an assembled tripartite complex has not yet been determined and, despite the ava ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Wilson and Maden, 2005; Zhuang and Sockanathan, 2006). The balance between differentiation and proliferation seems to be regulated by a crosstalk between Wnt and Bmp signaling (Chesnutt et al., 2004; Ille et al., 2007). However, the precise roles and interactions of the members of these two signalin ...
... Wilson and Maden, 2005; Zhuang and Sockanathan, 2006). The balance between differentiation and proliferation seems to be regulated by a crosstalk between Wnt and Bmp signaling (Chesnutt et al., 2004; Ille et al., 2007). However, the precise roles and interactions of the members of these two signalin ...
Cells and Tissues Part 1
... Nucleus contains one or more nucleoli Sites of ribosome assembly Ribosomes migrate into the cytoplasm through nuclear pores ...
... Nucleus contains one or more nucleoli Sites of ribosome assembly Ribosomes migrate into the cytoplasm through nuclear pores ...
Document
... Bacterial LPS, flagellin, pilin Bacteral and fungal cell wall components Microbial polysaccharides Reactive oxygen molecules H202, OH-, O2Certain cellular molecules ...
... Bacterial LPS, flagellin, pilin Bacteral and fungal cell wall components Microbial polysaccharides Reactive oxygen molecules H202, OH-, O2Certain cellular molecules ...
PLoS Pathogens
... have a conserved cis-element in their promoters, named tts-box. In NGR234 and a number of other strains, genes encoding a bacterial type 3 secretion system (T3SS) and corresponding type 3 effectors are regulated by TtsI [9,10]. Mutant analysis revealed that type 3 effectors of NGR234 can play a role ...
... have a conserved cis-element in their promoters, named tts-box. In NGR234 and a number of other strains, genes encoding a bacterial type 3 secretion system (T3SS) and corresponding type 3 effectors are regulated by TtsI [9,10]. Mutant analysis revealed that type 3 effectors of NGR234 can play a role ...
Chromosomal localization links the SIN3/RPD3 complex to the
... reduces the af®nity of histone tails for DNA, resulting in less compact chromatin and increased accessibility of transcription factors to DNA (Lee et al., 1993; VetteseDadey et al., 1996; Hansen et al., 1998; Tse et al., 1998). A second, not necessarily mutually exclusive, model proposes that speci® ...
... reduces the af®nity of histone tails for DNA, resulting in less compact chromatin and increased accessibility of transcription factors to DNA (Lee et al., 1993; VetteseDadey et al., 1996; Hansen et al., 1998; Tse et al., 1998). A second, not necessarily mutually exclusive, model proposes that speci® ...
Chromosomal localization links the SIN3±RPD3 complex to the
... reduces the af®nity of histone tails for DNA, resulting in less compact chromatin and increased accessibility of transcription factors to DNA (Lee et al., 1993; VetteseDadey et al., 1996; Hansen et al., 1998; Tse et al., 1998). A second, not necessarily mutually exclusive, model proposes that speci® ...
... reduces the af®nity of histone tails for DNA, resulting in less compact chromatin and increased accessibility of transcription factors to DNA (Lee et al., 1993; VetteseDadey et al., 1996; Hansen et al., 1998; Tse et al., 1998). A second, not necessarily mutually exclusive, model proposes that speci® ...
Measles Virus Matrix Protein Inhibits Host Cell Transcription
... M protein has also been shown to interact with the RNP complex and regulates viral RNA synthesis via its interaction with the N protein [6]. M protein, through its varied interactions, is thus central to MeV assembly. In addition to P protein, the P gene encodes two nonstructural proteins, V and C v ...
... M protein has also been shown to interact with the RNP complex and regulates viral RNA synthesis via its interaction with the N protein [6]. M protein, through its varied interactions, is thus central to MeV assembly. In addition to P protein, the P gene encodes two nonstructural proteins, V and C v ...
Text S2.
... relation with metabolism. Alzheimer and Parkinson pathways include a large number of dehydrogenases (42 out 176 and 136 total genes respectively) that are part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain; this explains why they both localize in the oxidative metabolism cluster, in proximity of a g ...
... relation with metabolism. Alzheimer and Parkinson pathways include a large number of dehydrogenases (42 out 176 and 136 total genes respectively) that are part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain; this explains why they both localize in the oxidative metabolism cluster, in proximity of a g ...
PDF
... Mauricio Cortes1, Alexis T. Baria2 and Nancy B. Schwartz1,2,* In contrast to the functional role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), the importance of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in modulating signaling pathways involving hedgehog proteins, wingless-related proteins and fibroblas ...
... Mauricio Cortes1, Alexis T. Baria2 and Nancy B. Schwartz1,2,* In contrast to the functional role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), the importance of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in modulating signaling pathways involving hedgehog proteins, wingless-related proteins and fibroblas ...
7.06 Problem Set #5, Spring 2005
... containing the SRP receptor and the Sec61 complex (the translocon). You compare the rates of translocation of your protein from two different experiments. In the first experiment, you add the mRNA encoding your protein to a cytosolic extract containing ribosomes and you add microsomes to this test t ...
... containing the SRP receptor and the Sec61 complex (the translocon). You compare the rates of translocation of your protein from two different experiments. In the first experiment, you add the mRNA encoding your protein to a cytosolic extract containing ribosomes and you add microsomes to this test t ...
20. Cell-to-Cell Signaling: Hormones and Receptors No cell lives in
... elaborate intercellular communication network that coordinates the growth, differentiation, and metabolism of the multitude of cells in diverse tissues and organs. Cells within small groups often communicate by direct cell-cell contact. Specialized junctions in the plasma membranes of adjacent cells ...
... elaborate intercellular communication network that coordinates the growth, differentiation, and metabolism of the multitude of cells in diverse tissues and organs. Cells within small groups often communicate by direct cell-cell contact. Specialized junctions in the plasma membranes of adjacent cells ...
PDF
... The embryonic expression of htr-w&A has been characterized at the cellular level, using nonradioactive in situ hybridization and polyclonal antibodies generated via a novel method of antigen presentation. Subcellular localization of the h&-w&-A protein was examined by the use of immunofluorescence a ...
... The embryonic expression of htr-w&A has been characterized at the cellular level, using nonradioactive in situ hybridization and polyclonal antibodies generated via a novel method of antigen presentation. Subcellular localization of the h&-w&-A protein was examined by the use of immunofluorescence a ...
Events at the Host-Microbial Interface of the Gastrointestinal Tract III
... isogenic mutant in the qseC sensor kinase was unable to respond to AI-3 or epinephrine given exogenously. Interestingly, the motility of a luxS mutant can be restored either by the addition of AI-3 or epinephrine (17, 21), and the transcription of flhDC is also activated by both signals. Motility an ...
... isogenic mutant in the qseC sensor kinase was unable to respond to AI-3 or epinephrine given exogenously. Interestingly, the motility of a luxS mutant can be restored either by the addition of AI-3 or epinephrine (17, 21), and the transcription of flhDC is also activated by both signals. Motility an ...
Essential Cell Biology
... (A)Signaling by phosphorylation : signaling proteins are activated by the addition of a phosphate group by protein kinase, and inactivated by removal of the phosphate by protein phosphatase. Protein kinase phosphates serine/threonine (called ser/thr kinase) or tyrosine (called ...
... (A)Signaling by phosphorylation : signaling proteins are activated by the addition of a phosphate group by protein kinase, and inactivated by removal of the phosphate by protein phosphatase. Protein kinase phosphates serine/threonine (called ser/thr kinase) or tyrosine (called ...
Plants have evolved multiple defense mechanisms against
... stages. Potato plants carrying Rx, which encodes CC-NB-LRR type R protein, establish an extreme resistance (ER) to potato virus X (PVX) and severely attenuate virus multiplication. In resistant tobacco plants, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) multiplies in inoculated cells and moves intercellularly before ...
... stages. Potato plants carrying Rx, which encodes CC-NB-LRR type R protein, establish an extreme resistance (ER) to potato virus X (PVX) and severely attenuate virus multiplication. In resistant tobacco plants, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) multiplies in inoculated cells and moves intercellularly before ...
Vp-1 Neurospora crassa circadian clock in chemostat culture
... have repeatedly recovered complementing DNA sequences which contain a wild type A. nidulans gene, which we designate GP-1. We have cloned the sequence and confirmed its complementing ability by re-transformation of each mutant. However none of these strains contains a mutation in the ORF for GP-1 or ...
... have repeatedly recovered complementing DNA sequences which contain a wild type A. nidulans gene, which we designate GP-1. We have cloned the sequence and confirmed its complementing ability by re-transformation of each mutant. However none of these strains contains a mutation in the ORF for GP-1 or ...
Molecular Characterization of Two Arabidopsis Ire1 Homologs
... condition, BiP represses UPR signaling through the association with the lumenal regions of PERK and IRE1, but the accumulation of mis-folded proteins in the ER relieves this repression by bringing about the release of BiP from the lumenal domains of PERK and IRE1 (Harding et al., 2000). Similar regu ...
... condition, BiP represses UPR signaling through the association with the lumenal regions of PERK and IRE1, but the accumulation of mis-folded proteins in the ER relieves this repression by bringing about the release of BiP from the lumenal domains of PERK and IRE1 (Harding et al., 2000). Similar regu ...
Full-Text PDF
... respectively, is present also in mammalian cells [10]. UDP-xylose is synthesized from UDP-glucose in two steps; first by oxidation of the C-6 atom, resulting in UDP-glucuronic acid. The same C-6 atom is then decarboxylated, and the pentose xylose is generated, which is bound to UDP in the furanose f ...
... respectively, is present also in mammalian cells [10]. UDP-xylose is synthesized from UDP-glucose in two steps; first by oxidation of the C-6 atom, resulting in UDP-glucuronic acid. The same C-6 atom is then decarboxylated, and the pentose xylose is generated, which is bound to UDP in the furanose f ...
TEC-FAMILY KINASES: REGULATORS OF T-HELPER
... between their pleckstrin homology domains and the products of PI3K and/or other proteins. – second, phosphorylation by SRC-family kinases. – third, interactions with other proteins that bring the TEC-family kinases into antigen-receptor signaling complexes. – In addition, TEC-family kinases are thou ...
... between their pleckstrin homology domains and the products of PI3K and/or other proteins. – second, phosphorylation by SRC-family kinases. – third, interactions with other proteins that bring the TEC-family kinases into antigen-receptor signaling complexes. – In addition, TEC-family kinases are thou ...
... The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2004 is shared between three scientists who have made fundamental discoveries concerning how cells regulate the breakdown of intracellular proteins with extreme specificity as to target, time and space. Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose together discove ...
Developmental and functional studies of the SLC12 gene family
... vertebrates. These include seven sodium and/or potassium-coupled chloride transporters and two ...
... vertebrates. These include seven sodium and/or potassium-coupled chloride transporters and two ...
Rapid analysis of the extracellular matrix protein decorin using the
... Decorin is found in connective tissue where, among other roles, it helps to regulate cell growth by interacting with growth factors and collagen. After cloning of full-length human decorin cDNA into the pQE-TriSystem vector, human fibrosarcoma cells (HT-1080) were transfected, and the expression of ...
... Decorin is found in connective tissue where, among other roles, it helps to regulate cell growth by interacting with growth factors and collagen. After cloning of full-length human decorin cDNA into the pQE-TriSystem vector, human fibrosarcoma cells (HT-1080) were transfected, and the expression of ...
Hedgehog signaling pathway
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Denticlebands.png?width=300)
The Hedgehog signaling pathway (or signalling pathway; see spelling differences) is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper development. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include basal cell carcinoma.The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of animal development and is present in all bilaterians. The pathway takes its name from its polypeptide ligand, an intercellular signaling molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) found in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. Hh is one of Drosophila's segment polarity gene products, involved in establishing the basis of the fly body plan. The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis.Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, DHH, IHH, and SHH, of which Sonic (SHH) is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development. In knockout mice lacking components of the pathway, the brain, skeleton, musculature, gastrointestinal tract and lungs fail to develop correctly. Recent studies point to the role of Hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues. The pathway has also been implicated in the development of some cancers. Drugs that specifically target Hedgehog signaling to fight this disease are being actively developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.