Non Conservation of Function for the
... slow program by repressing the expression of the transcriptional repressor Sox6 (von Hofsten et al. 2008) through an indirect mechanism (Wang et al. 2011). Sox6, in zebra fish, directly represses the expression of slow muscle genes. Interestingly, Sox6 mouse mutants are characterized by the failure ...
... slow program by repressing the expression of the transcriptional repressor Sox6 (von Hofsten et al. 2008) through an indirect mechanism (Wang et al. 2011). Sox6, in zebra fish, directly represses the expression of slow muscle genes. Interestingly, Sox6 mouse mutants are characterized by the failure ...
Human CHMP6, a myristoylated ESCRT-III protein, interacts directly
... the sites of MVB formation and assemble a machinery termed ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) [8–10]. At the endosome, ubiquitinated proteins are first recognized by Vps27, and are then transferred to recruited ESCRT-I (Vps23, Vps28 and Vps37) during MVB sorting [11,12]. ESCRT- ...
... the sites of MVB formation and assemble a machinery termed ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) [8–10]. At the endosome, ubiquitinated proteins are first recognized by Vps27, and are then transferred to recruited ESCRT-I (Vps23, Vps28 and Vps37) during MVB sorting [11,12]. ESCRT- ...
Membrane-enclosed Crystals in Dictyostelium discoideum Cells
... vesicles were found to be distributed throughout the cytoplasm of aggregating D. discoideum cells (Fig. 2). The membranes tightly surrounding the crystals were decorated on their cytoplasmic phase by ribosomes as described by George et al. (1972), indicating that the vesicles are derived from the RE ...
... vesicles were found to be distributed throughout the cytoplasm of aggregating D. discoideum cells (Fig. 2). The membranes tightly surrounding the crystals were decorated on their cytoplasmic phase by ribosomes as described by George et al. (1972), indicating that the vesicles are derived from the RE ...
Hemojuvelin N-terminal mutants reach the plasma membrane but do
... Figure 1. Characterization of the HJV variants studied. (A) Schematic representation of HJV functional domains and of the mutants studied. SP indicates signal peptide; RGD: arginine-glycine-aspartic acid integrin-binding domain. The cMYC tag, GDPH autoproteolytic site, and furin cleavage site (FCS) ...
... Figure 1. Characterization of the HJV variants studied. (A) Schematic representation of HJV functional domains and of the mutants studied. SP indicates signal peptide; RGD: arginine-glycine-aspartic acid integrin-binding domain. The cMYC tag, GDPH autoproteolytic site, and furin cleavage site (FCS) ...
The importance of Src homology 2 domain-containing
... The Src homology (SH)2 domain-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kilodaltons (SLP-76) is a hematopoietic cell-specific adaptor protein that plays a critical role in thymocyte development1,2 and T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling.3 The N terminus of SLP-76 contains 3 tyrosine residues that are ph ...
... The Src homology (SH)2 domain-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kilodaltons (SLP-76) is a hematopoietic cell-specific adaptor protein that plays a critical role in thymocyte development1,2 and T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling.3 The N terminus of SLP-76 contains 3 tyrosine residues that are ph ...
Cellular Internalization of Fluorescent Proteins via Arginine
... domains (PTDs) (Schwarze et al. 1999). The three most widely studied PTDs are from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transcriptional activator Tat protein (Frankel and Pabo 1988, Green and Loewenstein 1988), the Drosophila homeodomain transcription factor antennapedia (Joliot et al. 19 ...
... domains (PTDs) (Schwarze et al. 1999). The three most widely studied PTDs are from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transcriptional activator Tat protein (Frankel and Pabo 1988, Green and Loewenstein 1988), the Drosophila homeodomain transcription factor antennapedia (Joliot et al. 19 ...
A Sugar-Inducible Protein Kinase, VvSK1, Regulates Hexose
... treatment. The elongation factor VvEF1 was used as an internal control. C, Effect of sugar analogs on VvSK1 accumulation determined by RNA gel blot 4 h after treatment. Results are shown for nontreated control cells (C) and cells treated with 58 mM Suc (S), 10 mM MHL (MHL), 58 mM Suc + 10 mM MHL (SM ...
... treatment. The elongation factor VvEF1 was used as an internal control. C, Effect of sugar analogs on VvSK1 accumulation determined by RNA gel blot 4 h after treatment. Results are shown for nontreated control cells (C) and cells treated with 58 mM Suc (S), 10 mM MHL (MHL), 58 mM Suc + 10 mM MHL (SM ...
Higher Expression Level and Lower Toxicity of Genetically Spliced
... tail, and calcium binding. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the diarrhea-inducing domain, was shown to induce diarrhea in neonatal mice in a 100-fold molar excess in comparison to the full-length protein (3, 4). However, this suggests that other domains could also influence the diarrhea-inductio ...
... tail, and calcium binding. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the diarrhea-inducing domain, was shown to induce diarrhea in neonatal mice in a 100-fold molar excess in comparison to the full-length protein (3, 4). However, this suggests that other domains could also influence the diarrhea-inductio ...
3 - Rudner Lab - Harvard University
... events. We refer to this dependence on morphogenesis for gene expression as “morphological coupling.” Three examples of morphological coupling in prokaryotes are reviewed in which the activation of a transcription factor is tied to the assembly of a critically important structure in development. The ...
... events. We refer to this dependence on morphogenesis for gene expression as “morphological coupling.” Three examples of morphological coupling in prokaryotes are reviewed in which the activation of a transcription factor is tied to the assembly of a critically important structure in development. The ...
Nuclear Factor-90 of Activated T-Cells: A Double
... T-cells (NFATs),1 appear to be essential for early T-cell gene activation (1-6). The transcriptional activation of interleukin 2 (IL-2), the first lymphokine secreted following T-cell activation (7), likely involves NFATs as well as other transcription factors including AP-1, NF-κB, and Oct-1 (8, 9) ...
... T-cells (NFATs),1 appear to be essential for early T-cell gene activation (1-6). The transcriptional activation of interleukin 2 (IL-2), the first lymphokine secreted following T-cell activation (7), likely involves NFATs as well as other transcription factors including AP-1, NF-κB, and Oct-1 (8, 9) ...
The histidine triad protein Hint1 interacts with Pontin and Reptin and
... pathway is of central importance during embryonic development and in the adult organism. De-regulation of the pathway, detected in numerous cancers, results in an accumulation of β-catenin in the nucleus where it interacts with transcription factors of the LEF-1/TCF family and induces transcription ...
... pathway is of central importance during embryonic development and in the adult organism. De-regulation of the pathway, detected in numerous cancers, results in an accumulation of β-catenin in the nucleus where it interacts with transcription factors of the LEF-1/TCF family and induces transcription ...
Precision Optogenetic Tool for Selective Single- and Multiple
... miniSOG2 and compared them with miniSOG. The absorbance spectrum revealed significant blueshift of miniSOG2 relative to miniSOG. The visible absorbance peak was blueshifted from 450 nm for miniSOG to 430 nm for miniSOG2 (Figure 1C). The UV absorbance band became narrower with increased absorbance re ...
... miniSOG2 and compared them with miniSOG. The absorbance spectrum revealed significant blueshift of miniSOG2 relative to miniSOG. The visible absorbance peak was blueshifted from 450 nm for miniSOG to 430 nm for miniSOG2 (Figure 1C). The UV absorbance band became narrower with increased absorbance re ...
Disruption of Mks1 localization to the mother centriole causes cilia
... degraded in the absence of Shh (Pan et al., 2006). The cilium also plays an important role in planar cell polarity (PCP; also referred to as non-canonical Wnt signaling) (Gerdes and Katsanis, 2008) through proteins localized in the cilia, such as Kif3a (Corbit et al., 2008) and inversin (Invs) (Shib ...
... degraded in the absence of Shh (Pan et al., 2006). The cilium also plays an important role in planar cell polarity (PCP; also referred to as non-canonical Wnt signaling) (Gerdes and Katsanis, 2008) through proteins localized in the cilia, such as Kif3a (Corbit et al., 2008) and inversin (Invs) (Shib ...
- University of East Anglia
... Received 15 August 2003; Revised 16 September 2003; Accepted 23 September 2003 ...
... Received 15 August 2003; Revised 16 September 2003; Accepted 23 September 2003 ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... first trypsin-sensitive site is at amino acid residue 6 before the fusion site (corresponding to the arginine at residue 176 in pro-p-lactamase in reference 13). This possibility therefore implies that the region around this arginine residue traverses the membrane. However, as the ,B-lactamase part ...
... first trypsin-sensitive site is at amino acid residue 6 before the fusion site (corresponding to the arginine at residue 176 in pro-p-lactamase in reference 13). This possibility therefore implies that the region around this arginine residue traverses the membrane. However, as the ,B-lactamase part ...
Post-translational Modifications and Their
... transport, faithful replication of a large and complex genome, as well as the regulation of gene expression. Since the regulatory relationship between Ub and SUMO is studying to unveil the mechanism, the proteomic methodology will be developed for this purpose. Redox-dependent PTM of proteins is eme ...
... transport, faithful replication of a large and complex genome, as well as the regulation of gene expression. Since the regulatory relationship between Ub and SUMO is studying to unveil the mechanism, the proteomic methodology will be developed for this purpose. Redox-dependent PTM of proteins is eme ...
A protein kinase target of a PDK1 signalling pathway is involved in
... in animals, with the important exception of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5) triphosphate, the protein targets and signalling pathways of plant phospholipids are largely unknown (Mueller-Roeber and Pical, 2002). In animal cells, PDK1 is a central integrator for signalling events downstream of various re ...
... in animals, with the important exception of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5) triphosphate, the protein targets and signalling pathways of plant phospholipids are largely unknown (Mueller-Roeber and Pical, 2002). In animal cells, PDK1 is a central integrator for signalling events downstream of various re ...
GPS-Lipid Manual - CSS-Palm
... geranylgeranylation is performed by protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I) (12,13). However, in case of Rab proteins, the geranylgeranyltransferase type II (GGTase-II) which recognized a C-terminal CC/CXC motif is found to catalyze the geranylgeranylation process (10,14). In addition to ...
... geranylgeranylation is performed by protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I) (12,13). However, in case of Rab proteins, the geranylgeranyltransferase type II (GGTase-II) which recognized a C-terminal CC/CXC motif is found to catalyze the geranylgeranylation process (10,14). In addition to ...
Characterization of a AT-Bromoacetyl-L-Thyroxine Affinity
... In glial cells, iV-bromoacetyl-L-T4 (BrAcT4) is found predominately in three proteins of 55,000, 29,000, and 18,000 mol wt (9). The 29-kDa protein has been identified as the substrate-binding subunit of 5'D-II (9, 12), while the identities of the 55- and 18-kDa proteins remain to be established. In ...
... In glial cells, iV-bromoacetyl-L-T4 (BrAcT4) is found predominately in three proteins of 55,000, 29,000, and 18,000 mol wt (9). The 29-kDa protein has been identified as the substrate-binding subunit of 5'D-II (9, 12), while the identities of the 55- and 18-kDa proteins remain to be established. In ...
Genome Biology - Rodrigo A. Gutierrez Laboratory
... Integrating carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism is essential for the growth and development of living organisms. In addition to their essential roles as macronutrients, both C and N metabolites can act as signals that influence many cellular processes through regulation of gene expression in plan ...
... Integrating carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism is essential for the growth and development of living organisms. In addition to their essential roles as macronutrients, both C and N metabolites can act as signals that influence many cellular processes through regulation of gene expression in plan ...
Halloween genes encode P450 enzymes that mediate
... is approximately 70% identical to the human genome. In many cases, these highly homologous genes modulate or control the same or similar physiological processes e.g. eye development (Ranganathan, 2003), but in some they have completely different functions. Perhaps, as in the latter instance, it is n ...
... is approximately 70% identical to the human genome. In many cases, these highly homologous genes modulate or control the same or similar physiological processes e.g. eye development (Ranganathan, 2003), but in some they have completely different functions. Perhaps, as in the latter instance, it is n ...
- Wiley Online Library
... To further test the hypothesis of alternative translation initiation as the FH distribution mechanism, we constructed the above plasmids with the FH gene harboring specific point mutations and examined the distribution of the corresponding plasmid-expressed-FHs. Mutagenesis of the initiation codons ...
... To further test the hypothesis of alternative translation initiation as the FH distribution mechanism, we constructed the above plasmids with the FH gene harboring specific point mutations and examined the distribution of the corresponding plasmid-expressed-FHs. Mutagenesis of the initiation codons ...
the unfolded protein response in yeast and mammals Chris
... site 2 protease (S2P), which is required for cleavage of active sterol-responsive element binding protein (SREBP) from its membrane-bound inactive form in response to cholesterol starvation [34••]. ATF6 cleavage does not, however, occur when cells are deprived of sterols, nor is cleavage dependent o ...
... site 2 protease (S2P), which is required for cleavage of active sterol-responsive element binding protein (SREBP) from its membrane-bound inactive form in response to cholesterol starvation [34••]. ATF6 cleavage does not, however, occur when cells are deprived of sterols, nor is cleavage dependent o ...
PKC in limb development
... signals. In cultured cells binding of FGFs to their receptors (FGFRs) activates phospholipase C γ (PLCγ) whose reaction products in turn trigger activation of PKC (Burgess et al., 1990). FGFR1 mutant mice, in which a tyrosine critical for the interaction between FGFR and PLCγ is mutated, have defect ...
... signals. In cultured cells binding of FGFs to their receptors (FGFRs) activates phospholipase C γ (PLCγ) whose reaction products in turn trigger activation of PKC (Burgess et al., 1990). FGFR1 mutant mice, in which a tyrosine critical for the interaction between FGFR and PLCγ is mutated, have defect ...
Eph receptor signaling in C. elegans
... receptor (Miller et al., 2003). Biochemical experiments have demonstrated that VAB-1 is a bona fide MSP receptor, although coreceptors or cofactors may enhance binding affinity. Binding and genetic data indicate that there are additional MSP receptors expressed in the proximal gonad. MSP binding to ...
... receptor (Miller et al., 2003). Biochemical experiments have demonstrated that VAB-1 is a bona fide MSP receptor, although coreceptors or cofactors may enhance binding affinity. Binding and genetic data indicate that there are additional MSP receptors expressed in the proximal gonad. MSP binding to ...
Hedgehog signaling pathway
The Hedgehog signaling pathway (or signalling pathway; see spelling differences) is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper development. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include basal cell carcinoma.The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of animal development and is present in all bilaterians. The pathway takes its name from its polypeptide ligand, an intercellular signaling molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) found in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. Hh is one of Drosophila's segment polarity gene products, involved in establishing the basis of the fly body plan. The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis.Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, DHH, IHH, and SHH, of which Sonic (SHH) is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development. In knockout mice lacking components of the pathway, the brain, skeleton, musculature, gastrointestinal tract and lungs fail to develop correctly. Recent studies point to the role of Hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues. The pathway has also been implicated in the development of some cancers. Drugs that specifically target Hedgehog signaling to fight this disease are being actively developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.