![Lessons from a gene regulatory network: echinoderm](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/015461680_1-d4955213bc617418bba93765b0c9d2dd-300x300.png)
Lessons from a gene regulatory network: echinoderm
... electron micrograph of the late embryonic skeleton (Dendraster excentricus), with all cellular material removed. ...
... electron micrograph of the late embryonic skeleton (Dendraster excentricus), with all cellular material removed. ...
Ectodermal progenitors derived from epiblast
... The ectoderm has the capability to generate epidermis and neuroectoderm and plays imperative roles during the early embryonic development. Our recent study uncovered a region with ectodermal progenitor potential in mouse embryo at embryonic day 7.0 and revealed that Nodal inhibition is essential for ...
... The ectoderm has the capability to generate epidermis and neuroectoderm and plays imperative roles during the early embryonic development. Our recent study uncovered a region with ectodermal progenitor potential in mouse embryo at embryonic day 7.0 and revealed that Nodal inhibition is essential for ...
Drosophila Set1 is the major histone H3 lysine 4 trimethyltransferase
... We next conducted RNAi-mediated KD studies to determine the contribution of Trx, Trr, and dSet1 to genome-wide H3K4me1, -me2, and -me3 (Figure 2A and B; Supplementary Figure S4). As determined by signal intensity measurements, the KD efficiency in all cases appears to be higher than 85%. The KD of e ...
... We next conducted RNAi-mediated KD studies to determine the contribution of Trx, Trr, and dSet1 to genome-wide H3K4me1, -me2, and -me3 (Figure 2A and B; Supplementary Figure S4). As determined by signal intensity measurements, the KD efficiency in all cases appears to be higher than 85%. The KD of e ...
Activation of β-Catenin in Dendritic Cells Regulates
... Whether β-catenin signaling in DCs is critical for intestinal homeostasis. We compared the frequencies of Treg cells and TH17/TH1 cells in the intestine of β-catDC−/− and β-catfl/fl mice because intestinal DCs and macrophages play an important role in the induction of these subsets. β-catDC−/− mice ...
... Whether β-catenin signaling in DCs is critical for intestinal homeostasis. We compared the frequencies of Treg cells and TH17/TH1 cells in the intestine of β-catDC−/− and β-catfl/fl mice because intestinal DCs and macrophages play an important role in the induction of these subsets. β-catDC−/− mice ...
The Drosophila F-box protein Fbxl7 binds to the protocadherin Fat
... size and shape at the end of their development. The Hippo signaling pathway has emerged as a key regulator of organ size (reviewed by Pan, 2010; Halder and Johnson, 2011; Tapon and Harvey, 2012). While most components of this pathway were originally discovered using genetic screens in Drosophila, ma ...
... size and shape at the end of their development. The Hippo signaling pathway has emerged as a key regulator of organ size (reviewed by Pan, 2010; Halder and Johnson, 2011; Tapon and Harvey, 2012). While most components of this pathway were originally discovered using genetic screens in Drosophila, ma ...
INTRODUCTION the dorsal spinal cord (Muroyama et al., 2002) and for... Wnts are signaling molecules regulating different developmental
... for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Japan), together with the enhancer fragments (see Fig. 6B), cloned in the pGL3 vector (Promega) with the TK minimal promoter upstream of the firefly luciferase gene. The vector phRLTK (Promega) was co-transfected for normalization. The cells were transfected in OPTI ...
... for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Japan), together with the enhancer fragments (see Fig. 6B), cloned in the pGL3 vector (Promega) with the TK minimal promoter upstream of the firefly luciferase gene. The vector phRLTK (Promega) was co-transfected for normalization. The cells were transfected in OPTI ...
Modifications of the E.coli Lac repressor for expression in eukaryotic
... support the role of the leucine zipper in tetramer formation and predict that extension of this zipper will further stabilize the protein. This modified lacl gene should be valuable for improved adaptation of the prokaryotic regulatory system to eukaryotic cells. INTRODUCTION The targeting of cytopl ...
... support the role of the leucine zipper in tetramer formation and predict that extension of this zipper will further stabilize the protein. This modified lacl gene should be valuable for improved adaptation of the prokaryotic regulatory system to eukaryotic cells. INTRODUCTION The targeting of cytopl ...
P024 Ubiquitin-independent in vitro degradation of nuclear hormone
... Nuclear Hormone Receptor (NRs), and its turnover, play a vital role in general gene regulation. Proteasome mediated degradation is the main protein turnover pathway in mammalian cells. Usually proteasome degradation requires previous poly-ubiquitylation of target proteins. We are interested in the d ...
... Nuclear Hormone Receptor (NRs), and its turnover, play a vital role in general gene regulation. Proteasome mediated degradation is the main protein turnover pathway in mammalian cells. Usually proteasome degradation requires previous poly-ubiquitylation of target proteins. We are interested in the d ...
Cellular Receptors and Signal Transduction in Molluscan
... (CHO)-binding proteins are present in cell-free hemolymph or plasma of B. glabrata (Monroy et al., 1992; Mansour et al., 1995). The finding that some of these proteins are able to bind to parasite larval stages has prompted speculation that they may be functionally-associated with host immunity. Rec ...
... (CHO)-binding proteins are present in cell-free hemolymph or plasma of B. glabrata (Monroy et al., 1992; Mansour et al., 1995). The finding that some of these proteins are able to bind to parasite larval stages has prompted speculation that they may be functionally-associated with host immunity. Rec ...
Pick, L
... the external structures of both the larva and adult. The role of segmentation in establishing the vertebrate body plan, which has been more controversial, is discussed here and in three other articles in this issue. How are segments established in Drosophila? The process of segmentation is best unde ...
... the external structures of both the larva and adult. The role of segmentation in establishing the vertebrate body plan, which has been more controversial, is discussed here and in three other articles in this issue. How are segments established in Drosophila? The process of segmentation is best unde ...
Gene Deletion Screen for Cardiomyopathy in Adult Drosophila
... nity, forward genetic screens for adult heart phenotypes have been rarely performed because of the difficulty in accurately measuring cardiac function in adult Drosophila. Recently, we developed a strategy to obtain rapid and accurate real-time measurements of cardiac function in the awake adult fly ...
... nity, forward genetic screens for adult heart phenotypes have been rarely performed because of the difficulty in accurately measuring cardiac function in adult Drosophila. Recently, we developed a strategy to obtain rapid and accurate real-time measurements of cardiac function in the awake adult fly ...
Although ABA is mainly made in the leaves and the root cap, all
... ABA-induced Ca2+ increase is mediated by second messengers, IP3 and cADPR. cADPR has been shown to induce cytosolic Ca2+ increase and stomatal closure in Commelina guard cells (Leckie et al., 1998). Also in tomato hypocotyls cells, microinjected cADPR induced ABA-inducible gene expression that can ...
... ABA-induced Ca2+ increase is mediated by second messengers, IP3 and cADPR. cADPR has been shown to induce cytosolic Ca2+ increase and stomatal closure in Commelina guard cells (Leckie et al., 1998). Also in tomato hypocotyls cells, microinjected cADPR induced ABA-inducible gene expression that can ...
The Role of the Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF)
... the phosphorylation of receptor docking sites, and finally in the recruitment of Src homology-2 (SH2) domain containing proteins such as STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3). When bound to the receptor, STAT3 molecules are phosphorylated on tyrosine 705 (Tyr705) residues and di ...
... the phosphorylation of receptor docking sites, and finally in the recruitment of Src homology-2 (SH2) domain containing proteins such as STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3). When bound to the receptor, STAT3 molecules are phosphorylated on tyrosine 705 (Tyr705) residues and di ...
pMAL FAQs
... cytoplasm or when exported to the periplasm. However, the normal folding pathway for some proteins is incompatible with passage through the membrane. In these cases, the fusion protein gets stuck in the membrane and cannot fold properly, which can lead to its degradation (17). Other proteins, especi ...
... cytoplasm or when exported to the periplasm. However, the normal folding pathway for some proteins is incompatible with passage through the membrane. In these cases, the fusion protein gets stuck in the membrane and cannot fold properly, which can lead to its degradation (17). Other proteins, especi ...
Choose your fate: artery, vein or lymphatic vessel?
... molecules that are involved in the development of the embryonic vasculature. Their combined actions are required for the specification and development of the arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels; vascular networks that are vital for embryonic and adult survival, and whose malfunction causes major p ...
... molecules that are involved in the development of the embryonic vasculature. Their combined actions are required for the specification and development of the arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels; vascular networks that are vital for embryonic and adult survival, and whose malfunction causes major p ...
Functional studies of the BTB domain in the Drosophila GAGA and
... (26). GAGA was first identified as a factor that stimulates in vitro transcription of the Drosophila engrailed and Ultrabithorax promoters (27,28). Subsequent studies have shown that GAGA has a general and significant role in transcription regulation. Its single Cys2–His2 zinc finger can mediate hig ...
... (26). GAGA was first identified as a factor that stimulates in vitro transcription of the Drosophila engrailed and Ultrabithorax promoters (27,28). Subsequent studies have shown that GAGA has a general and significant role in transcription regulation. Its single Cys2–His2 zinc finger can mediate hig ...
Intracellular catalysis of disulfide bond formation by the human
... (QSOX1b). Both splice-variant mRNAs are expressed at approximately the same level in human fibroblasts whereas in other cell types the ratios vary [6]. The longer protein has a potential C-terminal transmembrane domain which has been spliced out to generate the short form of the enzyme [5]. A second ...
... (QSOX1b). Both splice-variant mRNAs are expressed at approximately the same level in human fibroblasts whereas in other cell types the ratios vary [6]. The longer protein has a potential C-terminal transmembrane domain which has been spliced out to generate the short form of the enzyme [5]. A second ...
Phenotypic and dynamical transitions in model genetic networks II.
... then diffuse between cells, which would have specific receptors for them. However, if the interactions between such gene products are similar to those found in Drosophila, the number of changes required for switching from these indirect transduction routes to a diffusion-mediated mechanism seems for ...
... then diffuse between cells, which would have specific receptors for them. However, if the interactions between such gene products are similar to those found in Drosophila, the number of changes required for switching from these indirect transduction routes to a diffusion-mediated mechanism seems for ...
Regulation of the Discs Large Tumor Suppressor by a
... (17, 18). Although some hDlg isoforms are associated with the cell membrane, others show nuclear localization, possibly performing signaling functions (19). Similarly to its Drosophila homolog, hDlg appears to have dual roles in governing both polarity and proliferation of epithelial cells. It has b ...
... (17, 18). Although some hDlg isoforms are associated with the cell membrane, others show nuclear localization, possibly performing signaling functions (19). Similarly to its Drosophila homolog, hDlg appears to have dual roles in governing both polarity and proliferation of epithelial cells. It has b ...
Anopheles gambiae Drosophila melanogaster Bo Lindberg
... Malaria is a disease of poverty and continues to plague a great part of the world’s population. An increased understanding of the interactions between the vector mosquito, the malaria parasite, and also the mosquito gut microbiota are pivotal for the development of novel measures against the disease ...
... Malaria is a disease of poverty and continues to plague a great part of the world’s population. An increased understanding of the interactions between the vector mosquito, the malaria parasite, and also the mosquito gut microbiota are pivotal for the development of novel measures against the disease ...
Informatics approaches to understanding TGFb pathway regulation
... preventing R-Smad–Co-Smad complex formation (Miyazono, 2008). Members of the Sno/Corl/Dac family of nuclear corepressors bind to promoter-bound Co-Smads and block their ability to activate transcription. These proteins accomplish this by recruiting transcriptional repressors, such as histone deacety ...
... preventing R-Smad–Co-Smad complex formation (Miyazono, 2008). Members of the Sno/Corl/Dac family of nuclear corepressors bind to promoter-bound Co-Smads and block their ability to activate transcription. These proteins accomplish this by recruiting transcriptional repressors, such as histone deacety ...
Positive and Negative Regulation of Muscle Cell
... blocks of mesoderm that lie adjacent to the notochord and neural tube. As somites mature, they become subdivided, with cells in different regions of the somite developing into different cell types, sclerotome, myotome, and dermatome. The differentiation of the somite into specific cell types is unde ...
... blocks of mesoderm that lie adjacent to the notochord and neural tube. As somites mature, they become subdivided, with cells in different regions of the somite developing into different cell types, sclerotome, myotome, and dermatome. The differentiation of the somite into specific cell types is unde ...
Heterotrimeric G proteins in C. elegans
... Heterotrimeric G proteins, composed of α, β, and γ subunits, are able to transduce signals from membrane receptors to a wide variety of intracellular effectors. In this role, G proteins effectively function as dimers since the signal is communicated either by the Gα subunit or the stable Gβγ complex ...
... Heterotrimeric G proteins, composed of α, β, and γ subunits, are able to transduce signals from membrane receptors to a wide variety of intracellular effectors. In this role, G proteins effectively function as dimers since the signal is communicated either by the Gα subunit or the stable Gβγ complex ...
Phenotypic and dynamical transitions in model genetic networks
... two different mechanisms may be functioning in intermediate germ-band insects, one for the syncytium and one for the proliferative zone. On the other hand, the transition between these mechanisms needs to be relatively easy, since in many orders different species use different modes of segmentation ...
... two different mechanisms may be functioning in intermediate germ-band insects, one for the syncytium and one for the proliferative zone. On the other hand, the transition between these mechanisms needs to be relatively easy, since in many orders different species use different modes of segmentation ...
The Distribution of Polycomb-Group Proteins During Cell Division
... et al., 1995; Kanno et al., 1995; Mueller et al., 1995; Pearce et al., 1992; van der Lugt et al., 1994; van Lohuizen et al., 1991). It may be assumed that a better understanding of the mechanism of PcG-mediated repression in Drosophila will have broad ramifications with respect to the problem of dev ...
... et al., 1995; Kanno et al., 1995; Mueller et al., 1995; Pearce et al., 1992; van der Lugt et al., 1994; van Lohuizen et al., 1991). It may be assumed that a better understanding of the mechanism of PcG-mediated repression in Drosophila will have broad ramifications with respect to the problem of dev ...
Hedgehog signaling pathway
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Denticlebands.png?width=300)
The Hedgehog signaling pathway (or signalling pathway; see spelling differences) is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper development. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include basal cell carcinoma.The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of animal development and is present in all bilaterians. The pathway takes its name from its polypeptide ligand, an intercellular signaling molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) found in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. Hh is one of Drosophila's segment polarity gene products, involved in establishing the basis of the fly body plan. The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis.Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, DHH, IHH, and SHH, of which Sonic (SHH) is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development. In knockout mice lacking components of the pathway, the brain, skeleton, musculature, gastrointestinal tract and lungs fail to develop correctly. Recent studies point to the role of Hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues. The pathway has also been implicated in the development of some cancers. Drugs that specifically target Hedgehog signaling to fight this disease are being actively developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.