Protein 4.1, a component of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton and
... Abstract: The review is focused on the domain structure and function of protein 4.1, one of the proteins belonging to the membrane skeleton. The protein 4.1 of the red blood cells (4.1R) is a multifunctional protein that localizes to the membrane skeleton and stabilizes erythrocyte shape and membran ...
... Abstract: The review is focused on the domain structure and function of protein 4.1, one of the proteins belonging to the membrane skeleton. The protein 4.1 of the red blood cells (4.1R) is a multifunctional protein that localizes to the membrane skeleton and stabilizes erythrocyte shape and membran ...
Default neural induction: neuralization of dissociated Xenopus cells
... We next investigated whether activation of Ras/MAPK, through the molecular mechaFigure 1. Cell dissociation does not cause BMP depletion by dilution, but rather nism shown in Figure 1A, might provide an triggers sustained ERK/MAPK activation in Xenopus ectodermal cells. (A) Signaling explanation for ...
... We next investigated whether activation of Ras/MAPK, through the molecular mechaFigure 1. Cell dissociation does not cause BMP depletion by dilution, but rather nism shown in Figure 1A, might provide an triggers sustained ERK/MAPK activation in Xenopus ectodermal cells. (A) Signaling explanation for ...
Polarity and cell division orientation in the cleavage embryo: from
... paper, we describe how polarity cues, cytoskeleton and cell-to-cell communication interact with each other to regulate orientation of the early embryonic division planes in model animals such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila and mouse. We focus particularly on the Par pathway and the actin-driv ...
... paper, we describe how polarity cues, cytoskeleton and cell-to-cell communication interact with each other to regulate orientation of the early embryonic division planes in model animals such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila and mouse. We focus particularly on the Par pathway and the actin-driv ...
Alvin_20.385_Presentation
... Tested correlations between residue identity and target DNAbinding sequence determined from previous study (wanted to figure out binding patterns) ...
... Tested correlations between residue identity and target DNAbinding sequence determined from previous study (wanted to figure out binding patterns) ...
Universal Features of Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation Are
... The analysis of the DOZI and CITH pull down eluates gives an unprecedented depth of characterisation of the protein component of a P granule (Figure 1D). Among the DOZI and CITH-associated proteins identified with a high level of confidence are the Plasmodium homologs of the 59 cap binding protein e ...
... The analysis of the DOZI and CITH pull down eluates gives an unprecedented depth of characterisation of the protein component of a P granule (Figure 1D). Among the DOZI and CITH-associated proteins identified with a high level of confidence are the Plasmodium homologs of the 59 cap binding protein e ...
Genes and (Common) Pathways Underlying Drug Addiction
... identified in genetic studies, we identified candidate genes when at least one positive marker lay (i) within the gene or (ii) in 39 or 59 flanking sequences that were contained on a block of high restricted haplotype diversity along with exon sequences from the same gene [8]. In total, we collected 2, ...
... identified in genetic studies, we identified candidate genes when at least one positive marker lay (i) within the gene or (ii) in 39 or 59 flanking sequences that were contained on a block of high restricted haplotype diversity along with exon sequences from the same gene [8]. In total, we collected 2, ...
Identification of a novel gene family involved in osmotic
... sensitivity to a cuticle-disrupting treatment (Table 2). This indicates that not all Osr genes are required for the structural integrity of the C. elegans cuticle. Relationship between osmotic resistance and defecation behavior: Since osm7(sa89) was known to alter the defecation cycle period, we ex ...
... sensitivity to a cuticle-disrupting treatment (Table 2). This indicates that not all Osr genes are required for the structural integrity of the C. elegans cuticle. Relationship between osmotic resistance and defecation behavior: Since osm7(sa89) was known to alter the defecation cycle period, we ex ...
Cellular transcription factors that interact with p6 promoter elements
... All transcripts of the human parvovirus B19 identified so far are regulated by a single promoter at map unit 6 of the viral genome, the so-called p6 promoter. This promoter is active in a wide variety of different cells. In order to identify cellular transcription factors involved in regulating prom ...
... All transcripts of the human parvovirus B19 identified so far are regulated by a single promoter at map unit 6 of the viral genome, the so-called p6 promoter. This promoter is active in a wide variety of different cells. In order to identify cellular transcription factors involved in regulating prom ...
Downstream Regulatory Element Antagonist Modulator Regulates
... Cell culture, transfection, and reporter assays. Human carcinoma human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) and human neuroblastoma SHSY5Y cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% heatinactivated fetal calf serum. For the luciferase reporter assays, 1 ⫻ 10 6 cells were plated on 60 mm dishes. Six ...
... Cell culture, transfection, and reporter assays. Human carcinoma human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) and human neuroblastoma SHSY5Y cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% heatinactivated fetal calf serum. For the luciferase reporter assays, 1 ⫻ 10 6 cells were plated on 60 mm dishes. Six ...
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... and the plasma membrane. Here, we report the identification of COD1/SPF1 (control of HMGCoA reductase degradation/SPF1) through genetic strategies intended to uncover genes involved in protein maturation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD), a quality control pathway that rid ...
... and the plasma membrane. Here, we report the identification of COD1/SPF1 (control of HMGCoA reductase degradation/SPF1) through genetic strategies intended to uncover genes involved in protein maturation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD), a quality control pathway that rid ...
ESCRT requirements for EIAV budding | SpringerLink
... One challenge in dissecting how the ESCRT pathway functions in retrovirus budding is that mammalian cells express a large number of isoforms of the different classes of ESCRT factors, including at least 12 distinct subunits of the ESCRT-III family. Adding to this complexity is the fact that the Gag ...
... One challenge in dissecting how the ESCRT pathway functions in retrovirus budding is that mammalian cells express a large number of isoforms of the different classes of ESCRT factors, including at least 12 distinct subunits of the ESCRT-III family. Adding to this complexity is the fact that the Gag ...
Caenorhabditis elegans lin-3
... methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis of the class B synMuv mutant lin-52(n771). We named the mutation that caused this defect n4441. To seek additional mutations that like n4441 dominantly cause a class A synMuv phenotype, we screened approximately 492,000 F1 progeny of lin-52(n771) animals mutagenize ...
... methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis of the class B synMuv mutant lin-52(n771). We named the mutation that caused this defect n4441. To seek additional mutations that like n4441 dominantly cause a class A synMuv phenotype, we screened approximately 492,000 F1 progeny of lin-52(n771) animals mutagenize ...
PDF
... that regeneration involves a general remodeling of the tissue, recapitulating a more juvenile stage. Normal size and shape can be achieved by scaling the morphogen gradients and assigning new values to the disc cells. The second scenario predicts that regeneration can be achieved by intercalation of ...
... that regeneration involves a general remodeling of the tissue, recapitulating a more juvenile stage. Normal size and shape can be achieved by scaling the morphogen gradients and assigning new values to the disc cells. The second scenario predicts that regeneration can be achieved by intercalation of ...
View PDF - Genes | Genomes | Genetics
... proteins produced in a tissue; however, this hypothesis has been difficult to test. Using the mouse and chick model systems, we have determined that variance in SHH protein level, a key signaling protein responsible for patterning a large number of tissues (McMahon et al. 2003), occurs within the lim ...
... proteins produced in a tissue; however, this hypothesis has been difficult to test. Using the mouse and chick model systems, we have determined that variance in SHH protein level, a key signaling protein responsible for patterning a large number of tissues (McMahon et al. 2003), occurs within the lim ...
S7.Cell Signaling-β-catenin pathway homework
... 6. Describe the ultimate outcome of Wnt pathway activation. Changes in gene expression when β-catenin moves into the nucleus. 7. Give two examples of negative regulation found here. Contrast their molecular mechanisms. β-catenin is ubiquitinated and removed by proteolysis, ie. it is destroyed. The β ...
... 6. Describe the ultimate outcome of Wnt pathway activation. Changes in gene expression when β-catenin moves into the nucleus. 7. Give two examples of negative regulation found here. Contrast their molecular mechanisms. β-catenin is ubiquitinated and removed by proteolysis, ie. it is destroyed. The β ...
TGF beta signalling and its role in tumour pathogenesis
... it to the extracellular matrix. Cellular recognition of extracellular matrix-associated LTBP and subsequent recognition of latent TGF-β are essential steps in its activation (Hyytiainen et al., 2004). The latency proteins also contribute to the cytokine stability. Free TGF-β has a half life of about ...
... it to the extracellular matrix. Cellular recognition of extracellular matrix-associated LTBP and subsequent recognition of latent TGF-β are essential steps in its activation (Hyytiainen et al., 2004). The latency proteins also contribute to the cytokine stability. Free TGF-β has a half life of about ...
PDF - IRCMS
... epiblast and with many epithelial characteristics, en route to becoming true mesoderm cells with mesenchymal morphologies (Nakaya and Sheng, 2009; Nakaya et al., 2008). The streak also maintains an ‘identity’ gradient within constituent cells and gives these cells unique D/V positional cues after th ...
... epiblast and with many epithelial characteristics, en route to becoming true mesoderm cells with mesenchymal morphologies (Nakaya and Sheng, 2009; Nakaya et al., 2008). The streak also maintains an ‘identity’ gradient within constituent cells and gives these cells unique D/V positional cues after th ...
Genes Dev - The Jenny Lab
... cleavage and polyadenylation and coimmunoprecipitate the other CPSF subunits. The protein sequence contains five C3H-zinc-finger repeats and a putative RNA-binding zinc knuckle motif at the carboxyl terminus. Consistent with this observation, the in vitro translated 30-kD protein binds RNA polymers ...
... cleavage and polyadenylation and coimmunoprecipitate the other CPSF subunits. The protein sequence contains five C3H-zinc-finger repeats and a putative RNA-binding zinc knuckle motif at the carboxyl terminus. Consistent with this observation, the in vitro translated 30-kD protein binds RNA polymers ...
Emerging Themes of Plant Signal Transduction
... mechanisms may often be conserved (e.g., the use of the same second messengers and similar protein phosphorylationl dephosphorylation reactions), there are often very real differences in the components of the signaling machinery and in their regulation. In some cases, plant signaling appears more an ...
... mechanisms may often be conserved (e.g., the use of the same second messengers and similar protein phosphorylationl dephosphorylation reactions), there are often very real differences in the components of the signaling machinery and in their regulation. In some cases, plant signaling appears more an ...
The mRNA-bound proteome of the early fly embryo
... Figure 2. Characterization of the early fly mRBPome. (A) GO analysis showing the five most enriched gene ontology terms for molecular functions (GOMF) of the mRNA-bound proteins (overlap and unique) and the remaining proteins identified from whole embryos. P values were calculated by comparing again ...
... Figure 2. Characterization of the early fly mRBPome. (A) GO analysis showing the five most enriched gene ontology terms for molecular functions (GOMF) of the mRNA-bound proteins (overlap and unique) and the remaining proteins identified from whole embryos. P values were calculated by comparing again ...
Receptor Fragments: Intracellular Signaling and
... An intracellular fragment is also produced from the GPCR, D-frizzled 2, a post-synaptic protein which interacts with the presynaptic protein, “wingless”. Following endosome internalization, the cytoplasmic domain is cleaved and translocated to the nucleus where it is involved in transcriptional even ...
... An intracellular fragment is also produced from the GPCR, D-frizzled 2, a post-synaptic protein which interacts with the presynaptic protein, “wingless”. Following endosome internalization, the cytoplasmic domain is cleaved and translocated to the nucleus where it is involved in transcriptional even ...
Functions and Mechanisms of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF
... interactions of FGFR/FGF-ligand pairs: Htl/Pyr, Htl/Ths and Btl/Bnl. In contrast, in humans presumably more than 70 FGFR/FGF combinations are generated by four FGFRs and 22 FGF ligands, respectively; alternative mRNA splicing increases the FGFR repertoire from four to seven proteins [2,3]. Moreover, ...
... interactions of FGFR/FGF-ligand pairs: Htl/Pyr, Htl/Ths and Btl/Bnl. In contrast, in humans presumably more than 70 FGFR/FGF combinations are generated by four FGFRs and 22 FGF ligands, respectively; alternative mRNA splicing increases the FGFR repertoire from four to seven proteins [2,3]. Moreover, ...
binding domains demonstrated in a plant split
... a GAP (GTPase-activating protein) arginine finger suggested reciprocal activation of one monomer by the other. However, recent studies led to the hypothesis either that additional external factors are required for catalytic activation of atToc33/psToc34 or that activation is achieved by heterodimeri ...
... a GAP (GTPase-activating protein) arginine finger suggested reciprocal activation of one monomer by the other. However, recent studies led to the hypothesis either that additional external factors are required for catalytic activation of atToc33/psToc34 or that activation is achieved by heterodimeri ...
Ccbe1 regulates Vegfc-mediated induction of Vegfr3
... ABSTRACT The VEGFC/VEGFR3 signaling pathway is essential for lymphangiogenesis (the formation of lymphatic vessels from preexisting vasculature) during embryonic development, tissue regeneration and tumor progression. The recently identified secreted protein CCBE1 is indispensible for lymphangiogene ...
... ABSTRACT The VEGFC/VEGFR3 signaling pathway is essential for lymphangiogenesis (the formation of lymphatic vessels from preexisting vasculature) during embryonic development, tissue regeneration and tumor progression. The recently identified secreted protein CCBE1 is indispensible for lymphangiogene ...
Protein S deficiency
... a membrane composition which has little, if any, effect on the procoagulant reactions. PE and oxidation increase the binding of many antiphospholipid antibodies and the ability of at least some of them to inhibit the APCprotein S complex specifically. IgG purified from several antiphospholipid syndr ...
... a membrane composition which has little, if any, effect on the procoagulant reactions. PE and oxidation increase the binding of many antiphospholipid antibodies and the ability of at least some of them to inhibit the APCprotein S complex specifically. IgG purified from several antiphospholipid syndr ...
Hedgehog signaling pathway
The Hedgehog signaling pathway (or signalling pathway; see spelling differences) is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper development. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include basal cell carcinoma.The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of animal development and is present in all bilaterians. The pathway takes its name from its polypeptide ligand, an intercellular signaling molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) found in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. Hh is one of Drosophila's segment polarity gene products, involved in establishing the basis of the fly body plan. The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis.Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, DHH, IHH, and SHH, of which Sonic (SHH) is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development. In knockout mice lacking components of the pathway, the brain, skeleton, musculature, gastrointestinal tract and lungs fail to develop correctly. Recent studies point to the role of Hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues. The pathway has also been implicated in the development of some cancers. Drugs that specifically target Hedgehog signaling to fight this disease are being actively developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.