Transcriptomics of In Vitro Immune-Stimulated Hemocytes
... permeability and the expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1b) [28]. Apolipoprotein D (apoD) has been associated with inflammation. Pathological and stressful situations involving inflammation or growth arrest have the capacity to increase its e ...
... permeability and the expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1b) [28]. Apolipoprotein D (apoD) has been associated with inflammation. Pathological and stressful situations involving inflammation or growth arrest have the capacity to increase its e ...
The Carboxyl Terminus of the Prolactin
... ABBREVIATIONS: GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; PDZ, PSD-95, Discs-large, ZO-1; PrRP, prolactin-releasing peptide; AMPA, ␣-amino-3hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PrRP-R, prolactin-releasing peptide receptor; HEK, human embryonic kidney; GRIP, glutamate re ...
... ABBREVIATIONS: GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; PDZ, PSD-95, Discs-large, ZO-1; PrRP, prolactin-releasing peptide; AMPA, ␣-amino-3hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PrRP-R, prolactin-releasing peptide receptor; HEK, human embryonic kidney; GRIP, glutamate re ...
Mitochondrial dysfunction and Parkinson`s disease genes: insights
... resemble characteristics seen in human patients • Robust locomotive abilities simplify quantitation of behavior and activity et al., 2008; Parihar et al., 2008). Additional studies should be conducted to determine whether α-synuclein acts linearly in the PINK1-Parkin pathway or acts independently on ...
... resemble characteristics seen in human patients • Robust locomotive abilities simplify quantitation of behavior and activity et al., 2008; Parihar et al., 2008). Additional studies should be conducted to determine whether α-synuclein acts linearly in the PINK1-Parkin pathway or acts independently on ...
Homeotic regulation of segment-specific
... resume proliferation as postembryonic NBs in the larval stages, 47 NBs are detected in each thoracic, about 12 in the two anterior abdominal neuromeres, but only six in central abdominal segments. Furthermore, postembryonic NBs in the thorax and anterior abdomen produce hundreds of daughter cells ea ...
... resume proliferation as postembryonic NBs in the larval stages, 47 NBs are detected in each thoracic, about 12 in the two anterior abdominal neuromeres, but only six in central abdominal segments. Furthermore, postembryonic NBs in the thorax and anterior abdomen produce hundreds of daughter cells ea ...
PDF
... 1985; Baker, 2001). Cells in this furrow express Dpp, i.e. the furrow constitutes a Dpp source (Ma et al., 1993; Penton et al., 1997; Horsfield et al., 1998), and there is a Dpp signaling gradient along the anteroposterior axis (Firth et al., 2010). During development, the furrow sweeps across the t ...
... 1985; Baker, 2001). Cells in this furrow express Dpp, i.e. the furrow constitutes a Dpp source (Ma et al., 1993; Penton et al., 1997; Horsfield et al., 1998), and there is a Dpp signaling gradient along the anteroposterior axis (Firth et al., 2010). During development, the furrow sweeps across the t ...
LvNotch positions the ectoderm-endoderm boundary
... 1999; McClay et al., 2000), suggesting that LvNotch may be a component of the micromere-initiated vegetal-to-animal cascade of inductive signaling that influences the formation of endoderm. In addition, LvNotch protein is expressed dynamically within both presumptive ectoderm and endoderm cells in t ...
... 1999; McClay et al., 2000), suggesting that LvNotch may be a component of the micromere-initiated vegetal-to-animal cascade of inductive signaling that influences the formation of endoderm. In addition, LvNotch protein is expressed dynamically within both presumptive ectoderm and endoderm cells in t ...
Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC)
... Besides the given specificity of BiFC signals resulting from protein interactions, this does not overcome the need of controls for a clear interpretation of the result and to exclude false positive interactions. Such controls are recommended by testing mutants of the interactors with deleted binding ...
... Besides the given specificity of BiFC signals resulting from protein interactions, this does not overcome the need of controls for a clear interpretation of the result and to exclude false positive interactions. Such controls are recommended by testing mutants of the interactors with deleted binding ...
TIBS Review - Structural Genomics Consortium
... activator that induces mesodermal gene expression. TWIST was found to interact with BRD4 in cells, an interaction that is driven by acetylation at two conserved lysines (K73 and K76) found at a region with sequence similarity to histone H4. This interaction was further shown to be initiated exclusiv ...
... activator that induces mesodermal gene expression. TWIST was found to interact with BRD4 in cells, an interaction that is driven by acetylation at two conserved lysines (K73 and K76) found at a region with sequence similarity to histone H4. This interaction was further shown to be initiated exclusiv ...
(A) dTRPA1
... life threatening compounds. In vertebrates, the trigeminal nerve is an important anatomical site of chemical nociception, and the nerve directly responds to a variety of chemical compounds. A molecular target for many of these trigeminal stimulants is the TRPA1 channel. Drosophila possess multiple m ...
... life threatening compounds. In vertebrates, the trigeminal nerve is an important anatomical site of chemical nociception, and the nerve directly responds to a variety of chemical compounds. A molecular target for many of these trigeminal stimulants is the TRPA1 channel. Drosophila possess multiple m ...
Melanocytes and melanogenesis - Our Dermatology Online journal
... The Tyrosine, under the influence of Tyrosinase and CU 2+ forms DOPA and then Dopaquinone. This Dopaquinone with the help of Cystathione or Cysteine, forms Cysteine-L-Dopa which further forms pheomelanin. When Cysteine is depleted, the Dopaquinone forms Leucodopachrome which ultimately forms eumelan ...
... The Tyrosine, under the influence of Tyrosinase and CU 2+ forms DOPA and then Dopaquinone. This Dopaquinone with the help of Cystathione or Cysteine, forms Cysteine-L-Dopa which further forms pheomelanin. When Cysteine is depleted, the Dopaquinone forms Leucodopachrome which ultimately forms eumelan ...
D. Malpighian tubules play similar function as tubular parts of the
... tubules develop from ectodermal and mesodermal cell lineages, it provides opportunity to identify novel genes involved in the integration of cells from different origins that makes mature and functional structure. Different segments of tubules are specialized to perform different functions that prov ...
... tubules develop from ectodermal and mesodermal cell lineages, it provides opportunity to identify novel genes involved in the integration of cells from different origins that makes mature and functional structure. Different segments of tubules are specialized to perform different functions that prov ...
Bacterial second messengers, cGMP and cdiGMP, in a quest for
... XC_0249, purified it, and determined that it binds to cGMP with high affinity (Kd B0.3 mM), much better than cAMP (Kd B18 mM). Phenotypically, the XC_0250 and XC_0249 mutants were similarly impaired in biofilm formation and virulence. This suggested that they are part of the same signalling pathway, wi ...
... XC_0249, purified it, and determined that it binds to cGMP with high affinity (Kd B0.3 mM), much better than cAMP (Kd B18 mM). Phenotypically, the XC_0250 and XC_0249 mutants were similarly impaired in biofilm formation and virulence. This suggested that they are part of the same signalling pathway, wi ...
Direct and Long-Range Action of a DPP Morphogen
... distances (Lawrence, 1966; Stumpf, 1966; reviewed by Lawrence, 1972; Wolpert, 1989). It has been suggested that in such systems the concentration of the putative morphogen declines in a continuous and predictable fashion as it moves away from cells that express it, providing a series of concentratio ...
... distances (Lawrence, 1966; Stumpf, 1966; reviewed by Lawrence, 1972; Wolpert, 1989). It has been suggested that in such systems the concentration of the putative morphogen declines in a continuous and predictable fashion as it moves away from cells that express it, providing a series of concentratio ...
An Abscisic Acid-Activated and Calcium-lndependent
... and to ABA by shrinking (data not shown), as reported previously (Fitzsimons and Weyers, 1986,1987), demonstrating that they are competent to respond to these signals. Proteins from GCPs were assayed for autophosphorylation activity by an in-gel assay (see Methods). When the gel was incubated with y ...
... and to ABA by shrinking (data not shown), as reported previously (Fitzsimons and Weyers, 1986,1987), demonstrating that they are competent to respond to these signals. Proteins from GCPs were assayed for autophosphorylation activity by an in-gel assay (see Methods). When the gel was incubated with y ...
Supporting Information
... We detected the Dictyostelium GFP-Cln3 fusion protein as a ~50 kDa band on western blots. Although the expected molecular weight of Dictyostelium GFP-Cln3 was ~75 kDa (Cln3, 47 kDa, www.dictybase.org; GFP, 27 kDa), the relative hydrophobicity of the protein and evidence from other systems where simi ...
... We detected the Dictyostelium GFP-Cln3 fusion protein as a ~50 kDa band on western blots. Although the expected molecular weight of Dictyostelium GFP-Cln3 was ~75 kDa (Cln3, 47 kDa, www.dictybase.org; GFP, 27 kDa), the relative hydrophobicity of the protein and evidence from other systems where simi ...
Prolonged Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in
... analysis demonstrated that mice 1 and 4 weeks after TAC had cardiac hypertrophy and failure, respectively. Cardiac expression of ER chaperones was significantly increased 1 and 4 weeks after TAC, indicating that pressure overload by TAC induced prolonged ER stress. In addition, the number of termina ...
... analysis demonstrated that mice 1 and 4 weeks after TAC had cardiac hypertrophy and failure, respectively. Cardiac expression of ER chaperones was significantly increased 1 and 4 weeks after TAC, indicating that pressure overload by TAC induced prolonged ER stress. In addition, the number of termina ...
The tubby-like proteins - Journal of Cell Science
... humans and mice. These four genes probably comprise the entire vertebrate family because only one gene has been found in Drosophila (GenBank accession number: AE003453) and C. elegans (AF143297), which is consistent with the proposed two genome duplications that occurred during vertebrate evolution ...
... humans and mice. These four genes probably comprise the entire vertebrate family because only one gene has been found in Drosophila (GenBank accession number: AE003453) and C. elegans (AF143297), which is consistent with the proposed two genome duplications that occurred during vertebrate evolution ...
The functional cobalamin (vitamin B12)–intrinsic factor receptor is a
... the gastric mucosa (pernicious anemia), but selective malabsorption of the vitamin may also be due to inherited defects of the various components in the cobalamin uptake system. ImerslundGräsbeck syndrome (I-GS; aka megaloblastic anemia 1, OMIM no. 261 100) is an autosomal recessive disorder charac ...
... the gastric mucosa (pernicious anemia), but selective malabsorption of the vitamin may also be due to inherited defects of the various components in the cobalamin uptake system. ImerslundGräsbeck syndrome (I-GS; aka megaloblastic anemia 1, OMIM no. 261 100) is an autosomal recessive disorder charac ...
GATA-2 functions downstream of BMPs and CaM KIV in ectodermal
... progenitors, called EryP-CFC, which give rise to large primitive erythroid cells expressing embryonic and adult globin (Palis et al., 1999; Wong et al., 1986). In contrast, burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) progenitors give rise to small, definitive red b ...
... progenitors, called EryP-CFC, which give rise to large primitive erythroid cells expressing embryonic and adult globin (Palis et al., 1999; Wong et al., 1986). In contrast, burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) progenitors give rise to small, definitive red b ...
BMP and Delta/Notch signaling control the development of
... (PNS) is not always well defined. In addition to the CNS, both protostomes and chordates have a PNS with ectodermal sensory neurons. In the fruit fly Drosophila, inhibition of Dpp/BMP signaling by its antagonist Sog (also known as Chordin) during early embryogenesis induces the formation of a ventra ...
... (PNS) is not always well defined. In addition to the CNS, both protostomes and chordates have a PNS with ectodermal sensory neurons. In the fruit fly Drosophila, inhibition of Dpp/BMP signaling by its antagonist Sog (also known as Chordin) during early embryogenesis induces the formation of a ventra ...
Activation of Heat-Shock Factor by Stretch-Activated
... levels have been suggested as potential mediators for induction of cardiac hypertrophy and IE gene expression.26,27 Since Vandenburgh and Kaufman28 reported that mechanical stretch without confounding factors caused increased protein synthesis in cultured skeletal muscle cells, however, many studies ...
... levels have been suggested as potential mediators for induction of cardiac hypertrophy and IE gene expression.26,27 Since Vandenburgh and Kaufman28 reported that mechanical stretch without confounding factors caused increased protein synthesis in cultured skeletal muscle cells, however, many studies ...
The Cytoplasm-to-Vacuole Targeting Pathway: A Historical
... he was not able to invite to his lab. That postdoc, Nieves Garcia Alvarez, was from one of the labs, that of Paz Suarez-Rendueles, which was involved in characterizing yeast vacuolar hydrolases, and I agreed to offer her a position. Nieves initially worked on the vacuolar ATPase project. I knew, howe ...
... he was not able to invite to his lab. That postdoc, Nieves Garcia Alvarez, was from one of the labs, that of Paz Suarez-Rendueles, which was involved in characterizing yeast vacuolar hydrolases, and I agreed to offer her a position. Nieves initially worked on the vacuolar ATPase project. I knew, howe ...
Document
... If multicellularity evolved independently in plants and animals, the molecules and mechanisms used for cell communication will have evolved separately and would be expected to be different However, there should be some degree of resemblance because the genes in both plants and animal genes diverged ...
... If multicellularity evolved independently in plants and animals, the molecules and mechanisms used for cell communication will have evolved separately and would be expected to be different However, there should be some degree of resemblance because the genes in both plants and animal genes diverged ...
pdf-Dokument - Universität Bonn
... In eukaryotic cells, GTPase-Activating Proteins (GAPs) are a family of proteins, which acts on small GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily. GAP proteins have a conserved structure and use similar mechanisms, promoting hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. GAPs include several groups based on their substra ...
... In eukaryotic cells, GTPase-Activating Proteins (GAPs) are a family of proteins, which acts on small GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily. GAP proteins have a conserved structure and use similar mechanisms, promoting hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. GAPs include several groups based on their substra ...
Full-Text PDF
... spinal cord [18,19]. However, mutations in Rdh10 do not seem to affect spinal cord development, and RA signaling is still retained at the ventral neural tube [17,20], indicating that other retinol dehydrogenases could be acting in the neural tube. At least two other dehydrogenases are involved in re ...
... spinal cord [18,19]. However, mutations in Rdh10 do not seem to affect spinal cord development, and RA signaling is still retained at the ventral neural tube [17,20], indicating that other retinol dehydrogenases could be acting in the neural tube. At least two other dehydrogenases are involved in re ...
Hedgehog signaling pathway
The Hedgehog signaling pathway (or signalling pathway; see spelling differences) is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper development. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include basal cell carcinoma.The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of animal development and is present in all bilaterians. The pathway takes its name from its polypeptide ligand, an intercellular signaling molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) found in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. Hh is one of Drosophila's segment polarity gene products, involved in establishing the basis of the fly body plan. The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis.Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, DHH, IHH, and SHH, of which Sonic (SHH) is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development. In knockout mice lacking components of the pathway, the brain, skeleton, musculature, gastrointestinal tract and lungs fail to develop correctly. Recent studies point to the role of Hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues. The pathway has also been implicated in the development of some cancers. Drugs that specifically target Hedgehog signaling to fight this disease are being actively developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.