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Universal strategies in research and drug discovery based on protein
... it can be inferred that these enzymes have a role in the same biochemical pathway. Equally an enzyme of unknown function (C1) can be identified to play a role in a particular pathway by demonstrating that it interacts with components of the pathways (A6 and B8), and by showing that these interaction ...
... it can be inferred that these enzymes have a role in the same biochemical pathway. Equally an enzyme of unknown function (C1) can be identified to play a role in a particular pathway by demonstrating that it interacts with components of the pathways (A6 and B8), and by showing that these interaction ...
A cap `n` collar protein isoform contains a selective Hox repressor
... segments. In mandibular cells, CncB antagonizes the ability of Dfd protein to transcriptionally activate response elements of downstream genes. Ectopic expression of CncB in embryos results in an ablation of normal maxillary structures, while having mild or no effects on the functions of homeotic pr ...
... segments. In mandibular cells, CncB antagonizes the ability of Dfd protein to transcriptionally activate response elements of downstream genes. Ectopic expression of CncB in embryos results in an ablation of normal maxillary structures, while having mild or no effects on the functions of homeotic pr ...
β-catenin: a key mediator of Wnt signaling Karl
... The mechanism by which TCF can act both as transcriptional repressor and activator are not clear yet. It has been shown previously that TCF can bend DNA [45], and Behrens et al. [8•] have demonstrated that this DNA bending activity is significantly decreased when TCF is bound to β-catenin [8•]. Thus ...
... The mechanism by which TCF can act both as transcriptional repressor and activator are not clear yet. It has been shown previously that TCF can bend DNA [45], and Behrens et al. [8•] have demonstrated that this DNA bending activity is significantly decreased when TCF is bound to β-catenin [8•]. Thus ...
Identification of a novel Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response
... similarity to the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response Element (ERSE). This novel ERSE (“ERSE-26”) is able to regulate PRNP endogenously in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In order to determine whether or not the ERSE-26 exists elsewhere in the genome and what is co-regulated with PR ...
... similarity to the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response Element (ERSE). This novel ERSE (“ERSE-26”) is able to regulate PRNP endogenously in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In order to determine whether or not the ERSE-26 exists elsewhere in the genome and what is co-regulated with PR ...
The sea urchin animal pole domain is a Six3
... This region cannot be converted to squamous epidermal fates by misexpression of Nodal or BMP2/4, unless FoxQ2 is removed (Yaguchi et al., 2008). By contrast, when Nodal-BMP2/4 and canonical Wnt signals are eliminated through Δcadherin mRNA injection (Logan et al., 1999; Wikramanayake et al., 1998), ...
... This region cannot be converted to squamous epidermal fates by misexpression of Nodal or BMP2/4, unless FoxQ2 is removed (Yaguchi et al., 2008). By contrast, when Nodal-BMP2/4 and canonical Wnt signals are eliminated through Δcadherin mRNA injection (Logan et al., 1999; Wikramanayake et al., 1998), ...
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Mitogen
... al., 2004). These findings imply that MAPK signaling may play an important role in the mechano- and signal transduction of extracellular stimuli to intracellular biological responses that control muscle fiber viability. However, the reports regarding the activity of the MAPKs in the pathogenesis of ...
... al., 2004). These findings imply that MAPK signaling may play an important role in the mechano- and signal transduction of extracellular stimuli to intracellular biological responses that control muscle fiber viability. However, the reports regarding the activity of the MAPKs in the pathogenesis of ...
- Wiley Online Library
... function as transcriptional coactivators (Smale, 2012). More often, p50 and p52 homodimers function as transcriptional repressors by competing for DNA binding with NFjB dimers that are able to activate transcription (Bohuslav et al., 1998), and by modifying chromatin remodeling by interacting with h ...
... function as transcriptional coactivators (Smale, 2012). More often, p50 and p52 homodimers function as transcriptional repressors by competing for DNA binding with NFjB dimers that are able to activate transcription (Bohuslav et al., 1998), and by modifying chromatin remodeling by interacting with h ...
PrimeFlow™ RNA Assay Technology Validation Paper
... or IFNγ mRNA in IFNγ + events (Figure 5A). Data shown are the average of the 7 replicates, and error bars represent standard deviation. Values shown above the bars represent the CV%. ...
... or IFNγ mRNA in IFNγ + events (Figure 5A). Data shown are the average of the 7 replicates, and error bars represent standard deviation. Values shown above the bars represent the CV%. ...
Manipulation of oxidative protein folding and PDI redox state in
... noted, however, that the levels of expression varied considerably in different cells. Consistent with the notion that ERO1-Lb is an UPR-induced gene (Pagani et al., 2000) we failed to detect endogenous Ero1-Lb in nonstimulated HeLa cells. In most experiments, exogenous Ero1-Lb was expressed at lower ...
... noted, however, that the levels of expression varied considerably in different cells. Consistent with the notion that ERO1-Lb is an UPR-induced gene (Pagani et al., 2000) we failed to detect endogenous Ero1-Lb in nonstimulated HeLa cells. In most experiments, exogenous Ero1-Lb was expressed at lower ...
Manipulation of oxidative protein folding and PDI redox state in
... noted, however, that the levels of expression varied considerably in different cells. Consistent with the notion that ERO1-Lb is an UPR-induced gene (Pagani et al., 2000) we failed to detect endogenous Ero1-Lb in nonstimulated HeLa cells. In most experiments, exogenous Ero1-Lb was expressed at lower ...
... noted, however, that the levels of expression varied considerably in different cells. Consistent with the notion that ERO1-Lb is an UPR-induced gene (Pagani et al., 2000) we failed to detect endogenous Ero1-Lb in nonstimulated HeLa cells. In most experiments, exogenous Ero1-Lb was expressed at lower ...
Biochemical Origins of Alzheimer`s Disease With Treatment
... had to be kept low because of the detrimental side effects that it would have have. secretase is active in the cleavage of several substrates other than APP, including Notch, a transmembrane cellular protein active in cell signaling. Notch first requires a signal to bind to its extracellular domain ...
... had to be kept low because of the detrimental side effects that it would have have. secretase is active in the cleavage of several substrates other than APP, including Notch, a transmembrane cellular protein active in cell signaling. Notch first requires a signal to bind to its extracellular domain ...
Oscillations of the Snail Genes in the Presomitic Mesoderm
... pathway plays a crucial role in somitogenesis since mutation of several of its components causes severe somitic defects in mice or zebrafish embryos (Rida et al., 2004). If the cyclic expression of genes of the NOTCH pathway such as Lfng or Hes7 is perturbed by either gain or loss of function, somit ...
... pathway plays a crucial role in somitogenesis since mutation of several of its components causes severe somitic defects in mice or zebrafish embryos (Rida et al., 2004). If the cyclic expression of genes of the NOTCH pathway such as Lfng or Hes7 is perturbed by either gain or loss of function, somit ...
Broder et al Curr biol 98
... The Ras recruitment system, a novel approach to the study of protein–protein interactions Yehoshua C. Broder*, Sigal Katz* and Ami Aronheim The yeast two-hybrid system represents one of the most efficient approaches currently available for identifying and characterizing protein–protein interactions ...
... The Ras recruitment system, a novel approach to the study of protein–protein interactions Yehoshua C. Broder*, Sigal Katz* and Ami Aronheim The yeast two-hybrid system represents one of the most efficient approaches currently available for identifying and characterizing protein–protein interactions ...
Transcriptional and epigenetic control of gene expression in embryo
... programs are set up, forming different cell types and ultimately a multicellular organism. In this thesis, we have studied the molecular mechanisms by which sequence specific transcription factors and coactivators regulate RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription to establish specific gene expressio ...
... programs are set up, forming different cell types and ultimately a multicellular organism. In this thesis, we have studied the molecular mechanisms by which sequence specific transcription factors and coactivators regulate RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription to establish specific gene expressio ...
From DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL
... Division of Genetic and molecular basis of nervous system disorders ...
... Division of Genetic and molecular basis of nervous system disorders ...
The DsbA Signal Sequence Directs Efficient
... Labeling with [35S]methionine and immunoprecipitation. Cells were grown at 37°C in M63 salts supplemented with all the amino acids except methionine and cysteine, 0.2% glucose, and 1 mM IPTG. When the culture reached an optical density at 600 nm of approximately 0.2, aliquots for the control sample ...
... Labeling with [35S]methionine and immunoprecipitation. Cells were grown at 37°C in M63 salts supplemented with all the amino acids except methionine and cysteine, 0.2% glucose, and 1 mM IPTG. When the culture reached an optical density at 600 nm of approximately 0.2, aliquots for the control sample ...
The Heat-Shock Proteins
... of high negative-charge density toward the carboxy terminus. The carboxyterminal regions of these proteins are generally the most divergent, but the four most-terminalaminoacids, glu-glu-val-asp, are the samein all eukaryotic hsp90s (in trypanosmes the second glu is replaced by gin; 56). It is remar ...
... of high negative-charge density toward the carboxy terminus. The carboxyterminal regions of these proteins are generally the most divergent, but the four most-terminalaminoacids, glu-glu-val-asp, are the samein all eukaryotic hsp90s (in trypanosmes the second glu is replaced by gin; 56). It is remar ...
Here - New Mexico State University
... accommodate these data will be reported. MicroRNAs regulate cell specification and cell movement in the purple sea urchin Jia L. Song, Nadezda Stepicheva, and Archana Siddam University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States Development of complex multicellular organisms requires careful regulation a ...
... accommodate these data will be reported. MicroRNAs regulate cell specification and cell movement in the purple sea urchin Jia L. Song, Nadezda Stepicheva, and Archana Siddam University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States Development of complex multicellular organisms requires careful regulation a ...
DORSAL-VENTRAL PATTERNING AND NEURAL INDUCTION IN
... Amnionless, Chordin-like/Ventroptin/Neuralin-1 and -2, CRIM-1 (cysteine-rich motor neuron protein), Nel (neural tissue protein containing Egf-Like domains), Nel-like 1 and 2, Keilin, and Crossveinless-2 (Garcia-Abreu et al. 2002). On the dorsal side of the Xenopus embryo, Chordin protein is present ...
... Amnionless, Chordin-like/Ventroptin/Neuralin-1 and -2, CRIM-1 (cysteine-rich motor neuron protein), Nel (neural tissue protein containing Egf-Like domains), Nel-like 1 and 2, Keilin, and Crossveinless-2 (Garcia-Abreu et al. 2002). On the dorsal side of the Xenopus embryo, Chordin protein is present ...
Myocardin-like protein 2 regulates TGF signaling in
... proteins that together define the contractile properties of this muscle cell lineage. Within the arterial wall, signals transduced directly from endothelial cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate the physiological properties of SMCs (Astrof and Hynes, 2009; Hayward et al., 1995; Thyberg a ...
... proteins that together define the contractile properties of this muscle cell lineage. Within the arterial wall, signals transduced directly from endothelial cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate the physiological properties of SMCs (Astrof and Hynes, 2009; Hayward et al., 1995; Thyberg a ...
C-terminal EH-domain-containing proteins
... mammalian cells is crucial for many essential cellular processes, such as nutrient uptake, control of ion channels, retrieval of synaptic vesicle components in neurons, and the regulated expression of signaling receptors and adhesion molecules at the cell surface (Conner and Schmid, 2003). Just as i ...
... mammalian cells is crucial for many essential cellular processes, such as nutrient uptake, control of ion channels, retrieval of synaptic vesicle components in neurons, and the regulated expression of signaling receptors and adhesion molecules at the cell surface (Conner and Schmid, 2003). Just as i ...
how the ubiquitin–proteasome system controls transcription
... The correct regulation of gene expression is a demanding but vitally important process. As most eukaryotic cells carry an entire organism’s worth of genetic information, controlling which genes are turned on, and when, is essential for normal growth and development. It is not surprising, therefore, ...
... The correct regulation of gene expression is a demanding but vitally important process. As most eukaryotic cells carry an entire organism’s worth of genetic information, controlling which genes are turned on, and when, is essential for normal growth and development. It is not surprising, therefore, ...
Integrins and cell differentiation
... Egfr pathway in the tendon cells (Yarnitzky et al., 1997). Egfr function in the tendon cells is required for proper expression of at least two genes, the β1 tubulin gene and the stripe gene. Embryos mutant for Egfr, or embryos in which a dominant negative form of Egfr has been ectopically expressed ...
... Egfr pathway in the tendon cells (Yarnitzky et al., 1997). Egfr function in the tendon cells is required for proper expression of at least two genes, the β1 tubulin gene and the stripe gene. Embryos mutant for Egfr, or embryos in which a dominant negative form of Egfr has been ectopically expressed ...
The role of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) - UiO
... has found Mitogen Activated Protein kinase (MAPK) activity to be required in the early stages of adipogenesis. MKPs are phosphatases with MAPKs as their substrate. They are known to dephosphorylate MAPKs in several tissues. MKP1 has been shown to have a role in adipogenesis as it can regulate phosph ...
... has found Mitogen Activated Protein kinase (MAPK) activity to be required in the early stages of adipogenesis. MKPs are phosphatases with MAPKs as their substrate. They are known to dephosphorylate MAPKs in several tissues. MKP1 has been shown to have a role in adipogenesis as it can regulate phosph ...
The Mitotic Arrest in Response to Hypoxia and of Polar Bodies
... Mps11 therefore reflects a lack of Mps1 function. Moreover, EGFP-Mps1 is a functional protein. The relatively late stage of Mps11 lethality suggested that Mps1 is not absolutely essential for progression through the cell division cycle. However, phenotypic consequences in Mps11 homozygotes might als ...
... Mps11 therefore reflects a lack of Mps1 function. Moreover, EGFP-Mps1 is a functional protein. The relatively late stage of Mps11 lethality suggested that Mps1 is not absolutely essential for progression through the cell division cycle. However, phenotypic consequences in Mps11 homozygotes might als ...
Hedgehog signaling pathway
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Denticlebands.png?width=300)
The Hedgehog signaling pathway (or signalling pathway; see spelling differences) is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper development. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include basal cell carcinoma.The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of animal development and is present in all bilaterians. The pathway takes its name from its polypeptide ligand, an intercellular signaling molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) found in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. Hh is one of Drosophila's segment polarity gene products, involved in establishing the basis of the fly body plan. The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis.Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, DHH, IHH, and SHH, of which Sonic (SHH) is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development. In knockout mice lacking components of the pathway, the brain, skeleton, musculature, gastrointestinal tract and lungs fail to develop correctly. Recent studies point to the role of Hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues. The pathway has also been implicated in the development of some cancers. Drugs that specifically target Hedgehog signaling to fight this disease are being actively developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.