Precursor of human adenovirus core polypeptide Mu targets the
... (EGFP). We determined that preMu is exclusively a nucleolar protein with a single nucleolar accumulation signal within the Mu sequence. In addition, we noted that both preMu–EGFP and Mu–EGFP are excluded from adenovirus DNA-binding protein (DBP)-rich replication centres in adenovirus-infected cells. ...
... (EGFP). We determined that preMu is exclusively a nucleolar protein with a single nucleolar accumulation signal within the Mu sequence. In addition, we noted that both preMu–EGFP and Mu–EGFP are excluded from adenovirus DNA-binding protein (DBP)-rich replication centres in adenovirus-infected cells. ...
The role of AMPK and CREB-1 in the regulation of mitochondrial
... chain complexes. We chose the AMP activated kinase (AMPK) and cyclic AMP-response element binding protein 1 (CREB-1) as promising candidates, which could control the process of mitochondrial proliferation. To analyze whether AMPK regulates the cytochrome c promoter, a cell line stably expressing a c ...
... chain complexes. We chose the AMP activated kinase (AMPK) and cyclic AMP-response element binding protein 1 (CREB-1) as promising candidates, which could control the process of mitochondrial proliferation. To analyze whether AMPK regulates the cytochrome c promoter, a cell line stably expressing a c ...
Neural crest cells and patterning of the mammalian dentition
... field; in this example, each initiated tooth develops into a molar, each with a slightly different morphology. (B) According to the clone theory, final tooth form is related to the times at which the tooth primordia (black dots) are initiated (red dots). The circle represents the growing margin of t ...
... field; in this example, each initiated tooth develops into a molar, each with a slightly different morphology. (B) According to the clone theory, final tooth form is related to the times at which the tooth primordia (black dots) are initiated (red dots). The circle represents the growing margin of t ...
Drosophila follicle cells are patterned by multiple
... were processed under identical conditions (Fig. 4E,F). Following expression of dskul in polar cells, Notch reporter levels were significantly elevated, both in the germarium and in stage 1-3 egg chambers. These observations indicate that Kul acts as an attenuator of Dl signaling in early-stage folli ...
... were processed under identical conditions (Fig. 4E,F). Following expression of dskul in polar cells, Notch reporter levels were significantly elevated, both in the germarium and in stage 1-3 egg chambers. These observations indicate that Kul acts as an attenuator of Dl signaling in early-stage folli ...
SLR-2 and JMJC-1 regulate an evolutionarily conserved stress
... et al, 2008). To gain further insight into the functions of SLR2, we used computational methods to group genome-wide microarray data obtained from both N2 (Kirienko and Fay, 2007) and slr-2 mutant larvae (Kirienko et al, 2008) into 45 expression clusters (Supplementary Figure S1). We next analysed t ...
... et al, 2008). To gain further insight into the functions of SLR2, we used computational methods to group genome-wide microarray data obtained from both N2 (Kirienko and Fay, 2007) and slr-2 mutant larvae (Kirienko et al, 2008) into 45 expression clusters (Supplementary Figure S1). We next analysed t ...
Intracellular Signals Direct Integrin Localization to Sites of Function
... to extracellular ligands, they become clustered, which by itself induces increased tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular proteins (Miyamoto et al., 1995). If this phosphorylation is required for the formation of focal adhesions, then the clustering is another key step initiated by the extracellu ...
... to extracellular ligands, they become clustered, which by itself induces increased tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular proteins (Miyamoto et al., 1995). If this phosphorylation is required for the formation of focal adhesions, then the clustering is another key step initiated by the extracellu ...
SM-20, EGL-9, and the EGLN Family of Hypoxia
... MTS (discussed below). If the localization of SM-20 in rat cells does not at least partially overlap with that of its ortholog in humans, then the relevance of studies on rat SM-20 to humans may be questionable. Second, a truncated form of SM-20 lacking its MTS retains the ability to promote cell de ...
... MTS (discussed below). If the localization of SM-20 in rat cells does not at least partially overlap with that of its ortholog in humans, then the relevance of studies on rat SM-20 to humans may be questionable. Second, a truncated form of SM-20 lacking its MTS retains the ability to promote cell de ...
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... arrowheads), signifying that cells had not progressed past the twocell stage. In later developmental stages (L3), some branched fusomes were detected, but only among germ cells at some distance from ectopic hub cells (Fig. 4D, arrow). Strikingly, germ cells adjacent to ectopic hub cells often contai ...
... arrowheads), signifying that cells had not progressed past the twocell stage. In later developmental stages (L3), some branched fusomes were detected, but only among germ cells at some distance from ectopic hub cells (Fig. 4D, arrow). Strikingly, germ cells adjacent to ectopic hub cells often contai ...
medline:93194904
... Cell type- and stage-specific expression of the CD20/B1 antigen correlates with the activity of a diverged octamer DNA motif present in its promoter. The CD20(B1) encodes a B cell-specific protein involved in the regulation of human B cell proliferation and differentiation. Studies with 5' deletion ...
... Cell type- and stage-specific expression of the CD20/B1 antigen correlates with the activity of a diverged octamer DNA motif present in its promoter. The CD20(B1) encodes a B cell-specific protein involved in the regulation of human B cell proliferation and differentiation. Studies with 5' deletion ...
Chpt17_TxnlRegLambda.doc
... Not all bacteriophage lyse their host bacteria upon infection. Temperate phage reside in the host genome and do not kill the host, whereas lytic phage cause lysis of their hosts when they infect bacteria. The bacteriophage can choose between these two “lifestyles.” The molecular basis for this dec ...
... Not all bacteriophage lyse their host bacteria upon infection. Temperate phage reside in the host genome and do not kill the host, whereas lytic phage cause lysis of their hosts when they infect bacteria. The bacteriophage can choose between these two “lifestyles.” The molecular basis for this dec ...
Document
... Rapamycin treatment resulted in a significant improvement of T210 phosphorylation (TOR inhibited) ...
... Rapamycin treatment resulted in a significant improvement of T210 phosphorylation (TOR inhibited) ...
Germline stem cell niches
... GSCs from neonatal and adult mouse testes can produce embryonic stem cell-like cells, which have the capacity to differentiate into the cell types found in three different germ layers (Guan et al., 2006; Kanatsu-Shinohara et al., 2004). Therefore, the knowledge gained from studies on GSCs is importa ...
... GSCs from neonatal and adult mouse testes can produce embryonic stem cell-like cells, which have the capacity to differentiate into the cell types found in three different germ layers (Guan et al., 2006; Kanatsu-Shinohara et al., 2004). Therefore, the knowledge gained from studies on GSCs is importa ...
Sugars as signaling molecules - Department of Molecular Biology
... inhibitors, and stress signals can all activate putative MAPKs that use myelin basic protein as substrate [17]. However, the differential effect of the PK inhibitor staurosporine on these signals suggests the involvement of different PKs in different transduction pathways [17]. The same PP inhibitor ...
... inhibitors, and stress signals can all activate putative MAPKs that use myelin basic protein as substrate [17]. However, the differential effect of the PK inhibitor staurosporine on these signals suggests the involvement of different PKs in different transduction pathways [17]. The same PP inhibitor ...
RFX2 is broadly required for ciliogenesis during
... (Huangfu et al., 2003). Substantial studies have now revealed that defects in cilia structure or function lie at the root of a wide range of human diseases, such as primary ciliary dyskinesia, polycystic kidney disease, and Bardet–Biedl and Meckel–Gruber syndromes (Baker and Beales, 2009; Hildebrand ...
... (Huangfu et al., 2003). Substantial studies have now revealed that defects in cilia structure or function lie at the root of a wide range of human diseases, such as primary ciliary dyskinesia, polycystic kidney disease, and Bardet–Biedl and Meckel–Gruber syndromes (Baker and Beales, 2009; Hildebrand ...
The Ubiquitin System for Protein Degradation and Some of Its Roles
... chaired mainly myself. One initial reason for its being so small was that there was not enough space to house much faculty. The whole Faculty of Medicine was housed, on a temporary basis, in an old two-floor monastery (Figure 6). This “temporary” situation lasted for more than 15 years, until the ne ...
... chaired mainly myself. One initial reason for its being so small was that there was not enough space to house much faculty. The whole Faculty of Medicine was housed, on a temporary basis, in an old two-floor monastery (Figure 6). This “temporary” situation lasted for more than 15 years, until the ne ...
starry night regulates tissue polarity - Development
... mutations (P. N. Adler, unpublished). This suggested that stan was a large gene. The stan gene was mapped to position 62 on the second chromosome by meiotic mapping, and localized to 47B3-5 on the basis of several alleles that contained breakpoints in this interval and deficiencies that failed to co ...
... mutations (P. N. Adler, unpublished). This suggested that stan was a large gene. The stan gene was mapped to position 62 on the second chromosome by meiotic mapping, and localized to 47B3-5 on the basis of several alleles that contained breakpoints in this interval and deficiencies that failed to co ...
MBG404_LS_11
... Pathways vs. networks Gene networks • Clusters of genes (or gene products) with evidence of coexpression • Connections usually represent degrees of co-expression • In-depth knowledge of process is not necessary • Networks are non-predictive ...
... Pathways vs. networks Gene networks • Clusters of genes (or gene products) with evidence of coexpression • Connections usually represent degrees of co-expression • In-depth knowledge of process is not necessary • Networks are non-predictive ...
The transcriptome of proteostasis perturbations reveal non
... assumption of a highly connected, robust network being capable of adapting efficiently to diverse misfolding stresses. Is the failure of proteostasis a consequence of limitations on rerouting that prevent an efficient response to alterations? Physiological processes like aging are known to decrease ...
... assumption of a highly connected, robust network being capable of adapting efficiently to diverse misfolding stresses. Is the failure of proteostasis a consequence of limitations on rerouting that prevent an efficient response to alterations? Physiological processes like aging are known to decrease ...
Vertebrate hairy and Enhancer of split related proteins
... Enhancer-of-split proteins. These repressors contain a tandem arrangement of the bHLH domain and an adjacent sequence known as the Orange domain, so we refer to these proteins as bHLH-Orange or bHLH-O proteins. Phylogenetic analysis reveals the existence of four bHLH-O subfamilies, with distinct, ev ...
... Enhancer-of-split proteins. These repressors contain a tandem arrangement of the bHLH domain and an adjacent sequence known as the Orange domain, so we refer to these proteins as bHLH-Orange or bHLH-O proteins. Phylogenetic analysis reveals the existence of four bHLH-O subfamilies, with distinct, ev ...
Asymmetric cell division and axis formation in the embryo
... 2. The one-cell stage embryo: establishment of the anterior-posterior axis 2.1. Breaking the symmetry In C. elegans, formation of the AP axis is initiated after fertilization, which takes place when a mature oocyte traverses the spermatheca and encounters a sperm cell. The newly fertilized zygote th ...
... 2. The one-cell stage embryo: establishment of the anterior-posterior axis 2.1. Breaking the symmetry In C. elegans, formation of the AP axis is initiated after fertilization, which takes place when a mature oocyte traverses the spermatheca and encounters a sperm cell. The newly fertilized zygote th ...
The Expanding Role of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin
... domain, a site that is phosphorylated by rictor [64]. Along the same line, Yuan and colleagues reported decreased expression of SREBP1 and other genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the rictor-liver specific knockout mice [87]. In cancer cells, mTORC2 regulated lipogenesis by in ...
... domain, a site that is phosphorylated by rictor [64]. Along the same line, Yuan and colleagues reported decreased expression of SREBP1 and other genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the rictor-liver specific knockout mice [87]. In cancer cells, mTORC2 regulated lipogenesis by in ...
Signal Sequences Specify the Targeting Route to the Endoplasmic
... signal recognition particle (SRP) 1 and its membrane-localized receptor. The translocation events are carried out by a multi-subunit membrane protein complex, the translocon or Sec61p complex (G6rlich and Rapoport, 1993). Mechanistically, translocation is cotranslational: SRP binds signal sequences ...
... signal recognition particle (SRP) 1 and its membrane-localized receptor. The translocation events are carried out by a multi-subunit membrane protein complex, the translocon or Sec61p complex (G6rlich and Rapoport, 1993). Mechanistically, translocation is cotranslational: SRP binds signal sequences ...
mic.sgmjournals.org
... and y4083) were strongly increased at 37 6C. The Ail/Lom family protein y1682 (OmpX) was strongly increased at 26 6C. Several porins and TonB-dependent receptors, which control small molecule transport through the OM, were also altered in abundance in a temperature-dependent manner. These marked dif ...
... and y4083) were strongly increased at 37 6C. The Ail/Lom family protein y1682 (OmpX) was strongly increased at 26 6C. Several porins and TonB-dependent receptors, which control small molecule transport through the OM, were also altered in abundance in a temperature-dependent manner. These marked dif ...
Regulation of endothelial and hematopoietic development by the
... the ETS family in vertebrates [11]. All ETS proteins share a highly conserved winged helix–turn–helix ETS DNA-binding domain and bind to a consensus GGAA/T-binding motif [11]. Many ETS proteins are expressed within hematopoietic and endothelial cells and are important in the development of these tis ...
... the ETS family in vertebrates [11]. All ETS proteins share a highly conserved winged helix–turn–helix ETS DNA-binding domain and bind to a consensus GGAA/T-binding motif [11]. Many ETS proteins are expressed within hematopoietic and endothelial cells and are important in the development of these tis ...
YSK1 is activated by the Golgi matrix protein GM130 and plays a
... The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 164, Number 7, March 29, 2004 1009–1020 ...
... The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 164, Number 7, March 29, 2004 1009–1020 ...
Hedgehog signaling pathway
The Hedgehog signaling pathway (or signalling pathway; see spelling differences) is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper development. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include basal cell carcinoma.The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of animal development and is present in all bilaterians. The pathway takes its name from its polypeptide ligand, an intercellular signaling molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) found in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. Hh is one of Drosophila's segment polarity gene products, involved in establishing the basis of the fly body plan. The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis.Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, DHH, IHH, and SHH, of which Sonic (SHH) is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development. In knockout mice lacking components of the pathway, the brain, skeleton, musculature, gastrointestinal tract and lungs fail to develop correctly. Recent studies point to the role of Hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues. The pathway has also been implicated in the development of some cancers. Drugs that specifically target Hedgehog signaling to fight this disease are being actively developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.