![a fly through its history and current use](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/013465763_1-774ea632115972bc8695e41e73db8637-300x300.png)
a fly through its history and current use
... such as learning and memory, similar to that in humans.3 This nervous system consists of around 100,000 neurones and, despite the brain of a fly having a different anatomical structure to that of a human, many key features of the development and function of this system remain the same.4 This include ...
... such as learning and memory, similar to that in humans.3 This nervous system consists of around 100,000 neurones and, despite the brain of a fly having a different anatomical structure to that of a human, many key features of the development and function of this system remain the same.4 This include ...
implications for key virulence factors in Flavobacterium columnare
... freshwater fish around the world. The bacterium forms three colony morphotypes (Rhizoid, Rough and Soft), but the differences of the morphotypes are poorly known. We studied the virulence of the morphotypes produced by F. columnare strain B067 in rainbow trout (Onconrhynchus mykiss) and used high-re ...
... freshwater fish around the world. The bacterium forms three colony morphotypes (Rhizoid, Rough and Soft), but the differences of the morphotypes are poorly known. We studied the virulence of the morphotypes produced by F. columnare strain B067 in rainbow trout (Onconrhynchus mykiss) and used high-re ...
European Journal of Biochemistry
... proteins all have general pore properties, it has recently been shown that PhoE protein forms particularly efficient channels for organic and inorganic phosphate [4] and other negatively charged solutes [5], (Korteland et al., unpublished). The structural genes for the three pore proteins, ompF, omp ...
... proteins all have general pore properties, it has recently been shown that PhoE protein forms particularly efficient channels for organic and inorganic phosphate [4] and other negatively charged solutes [5], (Korteland et al., unpublished). The structural genes for the three pore proteins, ompF, omp ...
Chromatin Regulators and Transcriptional Control of Drosophila
... packaged by histone proteins into chromatin. Chromatin regulators affect gene expression by influencing access of proteins to DNA and often function as transcription co-factors. The interplay between transcriptional activators and repressors is modulated by co-factors at cis-regulatory DNA modules ( ...
... packaged by histone proteins into chromatin. Chromatin regulators affect gene expression by influencing access of proteins to DNA and often function as transcription co-factors. The interplay between transcriptional activators and repressors is modulated by co-factors at cis-regulatory DNA modules ( ...
Polo kinase and progression through M phase in Drosophila
... maternally provided cell cycle regulatory molecules. Such proteins are synthesized in the nurse cells of the female germ line during oogenesis. Thus, a class of mutations was expected that when homozygous in the mother would cause her to produce eggs deficient in essential cell cycle regulatory prote ...
... maternally provided cell cycle regulatory molecules. Such proteins are synthesized in the nurse cells of the female germ line during oogenesis. Thus, a class of mutations was expected that when homozygous in the mother would cause her to produce eggs deficient in essential cell cycle regulatory prote ...
Protein Quality Control along the Route to the Plant Vacuole
... secretory pathway (Shewry et al., 1995; Vitale and Bollini, 1995). Quaternary structure is the major determinant of the resistance of 7 s and 11s storage proteins to proteolysis (Deshpande and Damodaran, 1989; Dickinson et al., 1989; Ceriotti et al., 1991). Such resistance is probably necessary for ...
... secretory pathway (Shewry et al., 1995; Vitale and Bollini, 1995). Quaternary structure is the major determinant of the resistance of 7 s and 11s storage proteins to proteolysis (Deshpande and Damodaran, 1989; Dickinson et al., 1989; Ceriotti et al., 1991). Such resistance is probably necessary for ...
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response
... more contemporary and highly vetted, the occurrence of nontechnical graft failure resulting in graft revision or major amputation within 12 months of enrollment is 25.5%.8 Although many factors, including inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and alterations in remodeling and matrix deposition cont ...
... more contemporary and highly vetted, the occurrence of nontechnical graft failure resulting in graft revision or major amputation within 12 months of enrollment is 25.5%.8 Although many factors, including inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and alterations in remodeling and matrix deposition cont ...
Plant mitochondria contain the protein translocase subunits TatB
... The minimal Tat pathway which is found mostly in archaea and gram-positive bacteria consists of two subunits: TatA (possessing one transmembrane helix (TMH)) and TatC (possessing six TMHs) (Barnett et al., 2008). In general, most Tat systems, including the best studied Escherichia coli Tat system, c ...
... The minimal Tat pathway which is found mostly in archaea and gram-positive bacteria consists of two subunits: TatA (possessing one transmembrane helix (TMH)) and TatC (possessing six TMHs) (Barnett et al., 2008). In general, most Tat systems, including the best studied Escherichia coli Tat system, c ...
LvNotch specifies secondary mesenchyme - Development
... vegetal plate results in a regulative replacement of most SMCderived cell types by neighboring presumptive endoderm cells (McClay and Logan, 1996). This regulative behavior implies that cell-cell interactions are crucial for the differential specification of SMCs and endoderm. The evolutionarily con ...
... vegetal plate results in a regulative replacement of most SMCderived cell types by neighboring presumptive endoderm cells (McClay and Logan, 1996). This regulative behavior implies that cell-cell interactions are crucial for the differential specification of SMCs and endoderm. The evolutionarily con ...
Pex5p stabilizes Pex14p: a study using a newly isolated pex5 CHO
... understanding of multiple functions of mammalian Pex5p. In mammals, two types of Pex5p isoforms have been identified: a shorter one (Pex5pS) and a longer one (Pex5pL) with a 37amino acid insertion at the N-terminal region [9,10]. By using a Pex5 CHO mutant, ZP105, defective in both PTS1 and PTS2 imp ...
... understanding of multiple functions of mammalian Pex5p. In mammals, two types of Pex5p isoforms have been identified: a shorter one (Pex5pS) and a longer one (Pex5pL) with a 37amino acid insertion at the N-terminal region [9,10]. By using a Pex5 CHO mutant, ZP105, defective in both PTS1 and PTS2 imp ...
Sec35p, a Novel Peripheral Membrane Protein, Is Required for ER
... We believe that the ability of SLY1-20 to suppress defects in upstream docking regulators can be used to identify additional components involved in the regulation of vesicular docking. We have undertaken a genetic screen (to be presented elsewhere) to isolate novel components in this pathway which, ...
... We believe that the ability of SLY1-20 to suppress defects in upstream docking regulators can be used to identify additional components involved in the regulation of vesicular docking. We have undertaken a genetic screen (to be presented elsewhere) to isolate novel components in this pathway which, ...
Review Structural Insights into Biological Roles of Protein
... and present them to the appropriate site for activation (Figure 1). Thus for a given high-affinity GAG-protein interaction, the positioning of the protein binding oligosaccharide motifs along GAG chain determines if an active signaling complex is assembled at the cell surface or an inactive complex ...
... and present them to the appropriate site for activation (Figure 1). Thus for a given high-affinity GAG-protein interaction, the positioning of the protein binding oligosaccharide motifs along GAG chain determines if an active signaling complex is assembled at the cell surface or an inactive complex ...
Midgut and muscle development in Drosophila melanogaster
... express genes in a directed fashion. This is achieved by overexpressing the gene of interest in a desired tissue or cell type and analyzing its effects at different developmental stages. This is done by generating transgenic flies expressing a yeast transcriptional activator (GAL4) under the control ...
... express genes in a directed fashion. This is achieved by overexpressing the gene of interest in a desired tissue or cell type and analyzing its effects at different developmental stages. This is done by generating transgenic flies expressing a yeast transcriptional activator (GAL4) under the control ...
... of new drugs and therapeutics (Boguslavsky, 2002 and Marsh, 2002). Affinity binding techniques based on protein fusions have seen rapid acceptance in process laboratories because of their simplicity and the relative ease with which they can be built into expression vectors. Immobilized metal ion aff ...
Determinants of Drosophila zw10 protein localization and function
... relevance to the PSCS phenomenon described above. First, we have found that the zw10 protein localizes to the region of the kinetochores in cells mitotically arrested by either colchicine or taxol treatment. Second, we demonstrate that PSCS in mitotically arrested zw10 mutant cells occurs in the abs ...
... relevance to the PSCS phenomenon described above. First, we have found that the zw10 protein localizes to the region of the kinetochores in cells mitotically arrested by either colchicine or taxol treatment. Second, we demonstrate that PSCS in mitotically arrested zw10 mutant cells occurs in the abs ...
Integrin modulation of signaling to transcription factors
... Tournier et al., 1997). A variety of activators of MKK4 and MKK7 have been described, including MAP/ERK kinase kinases (MEKKs) 1-4, members of the mixed-lineage kinase family and the apoptosis-stimulated kinases (reviewed by Davis, 2000; Garrington and Johnson, 1999). Activated JNK translocates to t ...
... Tournier et al., 1997). A variety of activators of MKK4 and MKK7 have been described, including MAP/ERK kinase kinases (MEKKs) 1-4, members of the mixed-lineage kinase family and the apoptosis-stimulated kinases (reviewed by Davis, 2000; Garrington and Johnson, 1999). Activated JNK translocates to t ...
Chimeric phosphorylation indicator
... signal pathWay may be tested With CKAR, calcium-sensing ?uorophores and FRET-based translocation assays. Poly nucleotides encoding such CPIs, and kits containing the indi cators and/ or the polynucleotides, are provided. A method of using the chimeric phosphorylation indicators to detect a ...
... signal pathWay may be tested With CKAR, calcium-sensing ?uorophores and FRET-based translocation assays. Poly nucleotides encoding such CPIs, and kits containing the indi cators and/ or the polynucleotides, are provided. A method of using the chimeric phosphorylation indicators to detect a ...
Genetically Encoded Spy Peptide Fusion System to
... purified SpyTag/SpyCatcher protein (Zakeri et al., 2012). Robust binding in live cells at different temperatures is particularly useful for temperature-dependent protocol such as heat-shock (HS) experiments in flies, zebrafish, and nematodes (Glauser et al., 2011; Prober et al., 2008; Schwabe et al. ...
... purified SpyTag/SpyCatcher protein (Zakeri et al., 2012). Robust binding in live cells at different temperatures is particularly useful for temperature-dependent protocol such as heat-shock (HS) experiments in flies, zebrafish, and nematodes (Glauser et al., 2011; Prober et al., 2008; Schwabe et al. ...
Global phosphoproteomic effects of natural tyrosine kinase inhibitor
... tool for comprehensively characterizing protein expression and modification. However, a limited number of tyrosinephosphorylated proteins were identified when using IMAC or TiO2 phosphopeptide enrichment strategy because that tyrosine phosphorylation represents merely 0.05% of all the phosphorylatio ...
... tool for comprehensively characterizing protein expression and modification. However, a limited number of tyrosinephosphorylated proteins were identified when using IMAC or TiO2 phosphopeptide enrichment strategy because that tyrosine phosphorylation represents merely 0.05% of all the phosphorylatio ...
Inductive asymmetric cell division
... and low in the posterior sister E,20,21 while WRM-1 is low in MS cortex of the dividing EMS blastomere. APR-1, a worm homolog and high in E.22 wrm-1 and pop-1 mutants also exhibit opposite of APC (adenomatous polyposis coli protein), is also recruited to endoderm induction phenotypes; in wrm-1 mutan ...
... and low in the posterior sister E,20,21 while WRM-1 is low in MS cortex of the dividing EMS blastomere. APR-1, a worm homolog and high in E.22 wrm-1 and pop-1 mutants also exhibit opposite of APC (adenomatous polyposis coli protein), is also recruited to endoderm induction phenotypes; in wrm-1 mutan ...
Gene Regulation
... rapidly mRNA transcripts will be translated into proteins • This control affects the length of time it takes for mRNA to be activated and the speed at which cytoplasmic enzymes destroy mRNA ...
... rapidly mRNA transcripts will be translated into proteins • This control affects the length of time it takes for mRNA to be activated and the speed at which cytoplasmic enzymes destroy mRNA ...
Full Text - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
... Fig. 3 (Left). Expression of IoN-Dl pathway components during the early cleavage stages. (A) IoN: At the 2q stage, all cells in the embryo have a low level of cytoplasmic expression. 2q cells have slightly stronger cytoplasmic expression. All cells in the embryo, with the exception of 1q cells, have ...
... Fig. 3 (Left). Expression of IoN-Dl pathway components during the early cleavage stages. (A) IoN: At the 2q stage, all cells in the embryo have a low level of cytoplasmic expression. 2q cells have slightly stronger cytoplasmic expression. All cells in the embryo, with the exception of 1q cells, have ...
Figure 2 - Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange
... In order to ensure their survival, bacteria must sense and adapt to a variety of environmental signals. Motile bacteria are able to orient their movement in a chemical gradient by chemotaxis. During chemotaxis, environmental signals are detected by chemotaxis receptors and are propagated via a signa ...
... In order to ensure their survival, bacteria must sense and adapt to a variety of environmental signals. Motile bacteria are able to orient their movement in a chemical gradient by chemotaxis. During chemotaxis, environmental signals are detected by chemotaxis receptors and are propagated via a signa ...
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
... (Fig. 1B). To analyze whether these domains are required for NaCl tolerance of yeast cells, we constructed a series of Athb-12 deletion clones in the episomal plasmid pYES2, thus placing them under the control of a GAL1 promoter. We tested for a galactose-dependent NaCl tolerant phenotype and found ...
... (Fig. 1B). To analyze whether these domains are required for NaCl tolerance of yeast cells, we constructed a series of Athb-12 deletion clones in the episomal plasmid pYES2, thus placing them under the control of a GAL1 promoter. We tested for a galactose-dependent NaCl tolerant phenotype and found ...
pitx3 defines an equivalence domain for lens and anterior pituitary
... and that early Rathke’s pouch expresses lens Delta-crystallin in chick suggest that these apparently unrelated tissues might arise from common precursors and that Hedgehog may be required to specify the pituitary lineage (Karlstrom et al., 1999; Kondoh et al., 2000; Varga et al., 2001). Other studie ...
... and that early Rathke’s pouch expresses lens Delta-crystallin in chick suggest that these apparently unrelated tissues might arise from common precursors and that Hedgehog may be required to specify the pituitary lineage (Karlstrom et al., 1999; Kondoh et al., 2000; Varga et al., 2001). Other studie ...
Hedgehog signaling pathway
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Denticlebands.png?width=300)
The Hedgehog signaling pathway (or signalling pathway; see spelling differences) is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper development. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include basal cell carcinoma.The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of animal development and is present in all bilaterians. The pathway takes its name from its polypeptide ligand, an intercellular signaling molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) found in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. Hh is one of Drosophila's segment polarity gene products, involved in establishing the basis of the fly body plan. The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis.Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, DHH, IHH, and SHH, of which Sonic (SHH) is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development. In knockout mice lacking components of the pathway, the brain, skeleton, musculature, gastrointestinal tract and lungs fail to develop correctly. Recent studies point to the role of Hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues. The pathway has also been implicated in the development of some cancers. Drugs that specifically target Hedgehog signaling to fight this disease are being actively developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.