Growing models of vertebrate limb development - ICB-USP
... intermediate positional value. (C) Early specification. The coloured positional values that make up the flag are specified very early by, for example, a morphogen gradient, and further growth expands the field. ...
... intermediate positional value. (C) Early specification. The coloured positional values that make up the flag are specified very early by, for example, a morphogen gradient, and further growth expands the field. ...
Engineering a mevalonate pathway in Escherichia coli for
... operon constructs pMevB, pMBI and pMBIS (Fig. 1). Strain DYM1 has a deletion in the ispC gene22 and therefore cannot synthesize 2-Cmethyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate, an intermediate in the endogenous isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway (Fig. 1). As expected, all strains grew in the presence of 2-C-methyl- ...
... operon constructs pMevB, pMBI and pMBIS (Fig. 1). Strain DYM1 has a deletion in the ispC gene22 and therefore cannot synthesize 2-Cmethyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate, an intermediate in the endogenous isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway (Fig. 1). As expected, all strains grew in the presence of 2-C-methyl- ...
Maternal Torso-Like Coordinates Tissue Folding During
... (HA-Tsl; Jimenez et al. 2002). We have previously shown that this transgene fails to rescue the terminal patterning defects in tslΔ embryos (Johnson et al. 2013), possibly due to its inability to accumulate at the embryonic plasma membrane (Mineo et al. 2015). Despite this, HA-Tsl fully rescues the ...
... (HA-Tsl; Jimenez et al. 2002). We have previously shown that this transgene fails to rescue the terminal patterning defects in tslΔ embryos (Johnson et al. 2013), possibly due to its inability to accumulate at the embryonic plasma membrane (Mineo et al. 2015). Despite this, HA-Tsl fully rescues the ...
Protein S-nitrosylation in photosynthetic organisms: A
... nitrogen and the oxygen atom. As a radical, NO is relatively unreactive. It does not react with itself nor it reacts with most biological molecules that have no unpaired electrons, but it tends to combine with other radicals and transition metals [34]. NO is also a small and lipophilic molecule that ...
... nitrogen and the oxygen atom. As a radical, NO is relatively unreactive. It does not react with itself nor it reacts with most biological molecules that have no unpaired electrons, but it tends to combine with other radicals and transition metals [34]. NO is also a small and lipophilic molecule that ...
Guanine Nucleotides Modulate the Effects of Brefeldin A in
... distribution of the 110-kD protein suggested that the relationship between the 110-kD protein and Golgi membrane might be dynamically regulated and that BFA might alter this. Understanding the basis for the effects of BFA will require the ability to examine its molecular target(s) and to define the ...
... distribution of the 110-kD protein suggested that the relationship between the 110-kD protein and Golgi membrane might be dynamically regulated and that BFA might alter this. Understanding the basis for the effects of BFA will require the ability to examine its molecular target(s) and to define the ...
Circadian Regulator CLOCK Is a Histone Acetyltransferase
... and mCRY proteins then negatively feedback to repress their own transcription by acting on the mCLOCK: mBMAL1 complex. This negative-feedback regulation also drives gene expression cycles of a variety of circadian output genes (Lowrey and Takahashi, 2004). The activation of clock-controlled genes by ...
... and mCRY proteins then negatively feedback to repress their own transcription by acting on the mCLOCK: mBMAL1 complex. This negative-feedback regulation also drives gene expression cycles of a variety of circadian output genes (Lowrey and Takahashi, 2004). The activation of clock-controlled genes by ...
pdf file - John Innes Centre
... green to Texas red, allowing pseudoratiometric imaging of Ca21 changes in Mas7-treated cells. The y axis represents the ratio of Oregon green to Texas red in arbitrary units. Representative traces are shown. The numbers indicate the numbers of Mas7-responsive cells per total number of cells analyzed ...
... green to Texas red, allowing pseudoratiometric imaging of Ca21 changes in Mas7-treated cells. The y axis represents the ratio of Oregon green to Texas red in arbitrary units. Representative traces are shown. The numbers indicate the numbers of Mas7-responsive cells per total number of cells analyzed ...
Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,...
... Notch 2, as a binding partner of APP (Fassa et al. 2005; Fischer et al. 2005; Oh et al. 2005; Chen et al. 2006). Notch receptors are type I transmembrane proteins playing a critical role in both vertebrates and invertebrates during embryonic development and throughout the adult life. Notch proteins ...
... Notch 2, as a binding partner of APP (Fassa et al. 2005; Fischer et al. 2005; Oh et al. 2005; Chen et al. 2006). Notch receptors are type I transmembrane proteins playing a critical role in both vertebrates and invertebrates during embryonic development and throughout the adult life. Notch proteins ...
Convergence and Extension Movements During Vertebrate
... (7.5 hpf ), the progenitors of all three germ layers undergo C&E movements (Concha and Adams, 1998; Pezeron et al., 2008; Sepich et al., 2005). Whereas the pattern of endoderm and ectoderm C&E is less understood, four distinct C&E movement domains have been recognized in the mesoderm along the dorso ...
... (7.5 hpf ), the progenitors of all three germ layers undergo C&E movements (Concha and Adams, 1998; Pezeron et al., 2008; Sepich et al., 2005). Whereas the pattern of endoderm and ectoderm C&E is less understood, four distinct C&E movement domains have been recognized in the mesoderm along the dorso ...
Interplay between SCARECROW, GA and LIKE
... appears to undergo post-translational modification, as indicated by the presence of multiple bands on Western blots (Cui et al., 2007). It is likely that SCR interacts with other proteins to perform various functions. We therefore screened a root-specific cDNA library for SCR-interacting proteins us ...
... appears to undergo post-translational modification, as indicated by the presence of multiple bands on Western blots (Cui et al., 2007). It is likely that SCR interacts with other proteins to perform various functions. We therefore screened a root-specific cDNA library for SCR-interacting proteins us ...
On the Morphology of the Drosophila Heart
... proper diversification of cells originating from the cardiac primordia. In addition to the identity genes, which account for the later differentiation of single cardiomyocytes, it has been shown that the spatial organization of the heart tube along its anterior-posterior axis is regulated by the act ...
... proper diversification of cells originating from the cardiac primordia. In addition to the identity genes, which account for the later differentiation of single cardiomyocytes, it has been shown that the spatial organization of the heart tube along its anterior-posterior axis is regulated by the act ...
microbial genetics
... could be the post-translational modification of proteins before it performs its function. All points in the pathway of information flow thus act as hubs for controlling gene expression. In the present chapter, we will look at the examples of how gene regulation at the transcriptional level can be co ...
... could be the post-translational modification of proteins before it performs its function. All points in the pathway of information flow thus act as hubs for controlling gene expression. In the present chapter, we will look at the examples of how gene regulation at the transcriptional level can be co ...
Materials - HAL
... homotypic and heterotypic interaction between their N- and C-terminal ends masking several sites involved in the binding of membrane proteins and actin. Such interactions are regulated by tyrosine or threonine phosphorylation but also by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) (for review, ...
... homotypic and heterotypic interaction between their N- and C-terminal ends masking several sites involved in the binding of membrane proteins and actin. Such interactions are regulated by tyrosine or threonine phosphorylation but also by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) (for review, ...
The subunit of voltage sensitive Ca 2+ channels is a single
... 3 M KC1 were used. The oocytes were impaled in ND96 and inward current of 500 ms duration were monitored by voltage steps from - 80 to + 60 mV, with 30 s intervals, in Ba > buffer: 40 mM Ba(OH)2, 50 mM NMDG (N-methyl-D-glucamine), 1 mM KOH, 0.5 mM niflumic acid, and 5 mM HEPES adjusted to pH 7.4 wit ...
... 3 M KC1 were used. The oocytes were impaled in ND96 and inward current of 500 ms duration were monitored by voltage steps from - 80 to + 60 mV, with 30 s intervals, in Ba > buffer: 40 mM Ba(OH)2, 50 mM NMDG (N-methyl-D-glucamine), 1 mM KOH, 0.5 mM niflumic acid, and 5 mM HEPES adjusted to pH 7.4 wit ...
Geminin, a neuralizing molecule that demarcates the future neural
... likely function of these genes in determination or differentiation of neurons. We have attempted to identify molecules involved in early inductive events by injecting RNA made from relatively small pools of cDNA clones into early Xenopus embryos and assaying for changes in embryonic morphology. Prev ...
... likely function of these genes in determination or differentiation of neurons. We have attempted to identify molecules involved in early inductive events by injecting RNA made from relatively small pools of cDNA clones into early Xenopus embryos and assaying for changes in embryonic morphology. Prev ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum-Localized Amyloid β
... Budding of transport vesicles from the microsomes was unlikely under the experimental conditions used here. Nevertheless, the possibility that the Ab42 in the supernatant was contained within transport vesicles and not translocated across the microsomal membrane was analyzed by protease protection a ...
... Budding of transport vesicles from the microsomes was unlikely under the experimental conditions used here. Nevertheless, the possibility that the Ab42 in the supernatant was contained within transport vesicles and not translocated across the microsomal membrane was analyzed by protease protection a ...
From transporter to transceptor
... from a high level of the transporter in the membrane. The Gap1 general amino acid permease in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied as a model system for substrate-regulated intracellular trafficking. Research on this protein has revealed a complex set of regulatory mechanisms, not onl ...
... from a high level of the transporter in the membrane. The Gap1 general amino acid permease in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied as a model system for substrate-regulated intracellular trafficking. Research on this protein has revealed a complex set of regulatory mechanisms, not onl ...
PDF
... Here, we have tested the role of Ihh in regulating chondrocyte hypertrophy independently of PTHrP, by inactivating or activating Ihh signaling cell autonomously in the developing cartilage in the PTHrP–/– mouse embryo (in which cell proliferation is greatly reduced). All Hh family members signal thr ...
... Here, we have tested the role of Ihh in regulating chondrocyte hypertrophy independently of PTHrP, by inactivating or activating Ihh signaling cell autonomously in the developing cartilage in the PTHrP–/– mouse embryo (in which cell proliferation is greatly reduced). All Hh family members signal thr ...
Positive Regulation of IκB Kinase Signaling by Protein
... provide strong evidence that PP2A plays a positive regulatory role in IKK signaling following cellular stimulation with the pro inflammatory cytokine TNF. ...
... provide strong evidence that PP2A plays a positive regulatory role in IKK signaling following cellular stimulation with the pro inflammatory cytokine TNF. ...
tr-kit promotes the formation of a multimolecular complex composed
... tyrosine phosphorylation of Sam68 (Shen et al., 1999). Once phosphorylated in the carboxyterminal region, Sam68 recruits the SH2 domains of PLCg1, Grb2 and Src-kinases themselves (Richard et al., 1995). Since these signaling proteins already interact with Sam68 through their SH3 domains, SH2-binding ...
... tyrosine phosphorylation of Sam68 (Shen et al., 1999). Once phosphorylated in the carboxyterminal region, Sam68 recruits the SH2 domains of PLCg1, Grb2 and Src-kinases themselves (Richard et al., 1995). Since these signaling proteins already interact with Sam68 through their SH3 domains, SH2-binding ...
Maintenance of ZPA signaling in cultured mouse limb bud cells
... extracellular components are not eliminated from the high density culture. This finding indicates that the decline of ZPA signaling does not normally occur in a cell autonomous manner and supports the idea that a maintenance activity stabilizes the signaling ability of limb bud cells during developm ...
... extracellular components are not eliminated from the high density culture. This finding indicates that the decline of ZPA signaling does not normally occur in a cell autonomous manner and supports the idea that a maintenance activity stabilizes the signaling ability of limb bud cells during developm ...
Example of a scientific poster - SPUR
... dependent upon the microbiota and is incurred because of an altered intestinal bacterial community. To test this hypothesis, we measured rates of cell proliferation in the intestinal epithelium of conventionally reared (CR) and germ-free (GF) CagA and control Drosophila. Surprisingly, we observed a ...
... dependent upon the microbiota and is incurred because of an altered intestinal bacterial community. To test this hypothesis, we measured rates of cell proliferation in the intestinal epithelium of conventionally reared (CR) and germ-free (GF) CagA and control Drosophila. Surprisingly, we observed a ...
Early Embryogenesis in Flowering Plants: Setting Up the Basic Body
... Early embryogenesis is the critical developmental phase during which the basic features of the plant body are established: the apical-basal axis of polarity, different tissue layers, and both the root pole and the shoot pole. Polarization of the zygote correlates with the generation of apical and ba ...
... Early embryogenesis is the critical developmental phase during which the basic features of the plant body are established: the apical-basal axis of polarity, different tissue layers, and both the root pole and the shoot pole. Polarization of the zygote correlates with the generation of apical and ba ...
Relish and the Regulation of Antimicrobial Drosophila melanogaster
... the individual encounters the same pathogen. This protection is possible because of the adaptive immune system. The adaptive immune system is generated when immune cells bind to a specific antigen through a specific cell surface receptor, such as the immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule on B-lymphocytes or ...
... the individual encounters the same pathogen. This protection is possible because of the adaptive immune system. The adaptive immune system is generated when immune cells bind to a specific antigen through a specific cell surface receptor, such as the immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule on B-lymphocytes or ...
The Escherichia coli trmE (mnmE) gene, involved in tRNA
... processes tRNA. o548 codes for a 60 kDa inner membrane protein (Hansen et al., 1985; Sääf et al., 1998) whose precise function has not been identified so far. This protein is homologous to that encoded by OXA1, a S.cerevisiae nuclear gene involved in a novel and general protein export machinery of ...
... processes tRNA. o548 codes for a 60 kDa inner membrane protein (Hansen et al., 1985; Sääf et al., 1998) whose precise function has not been identified so far. This protein is homologous to that encoded by OXA1, a S.cerevisiae nuclear gene involved in a novel and general protein export machinery of ...
Hedgehog signaling pathway
The Hedgehog signaling pathway (or signalling pathway; see spelling differences) is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper development. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include basal cell carcinoma.The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of animal development and is present in all bilaterians. The pathway takes its name from its polypeptide ligand, an intercellular signaling molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) found in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. Hh is one of Drosophila's segment polarity gene products, involved in establishing the basis of the fly body plan. The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis.Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, DHH, IHH, and SHH, of which Sonic (SHH) is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development. In knockout mice lacking components of the pathway, the brain, skeleton, musculature, gastrointestinal tract and lungs fail to develop correctly. Recent studies point to the role of Hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues. The pathway has also been implicated in the development of some cancers. Drugs that specifically target Hedgehog signaling to fight this disease are being actively developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.