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... notochord and somites 2-4) to induce kidney gene expression in PS6. Two parallel regions of chick PS6 were cultured for 24 hours, either alone or together with anterior midline tissues from the stage 10 quail embryo (Fig. 1B). When cultured alone, no Lim1 or Pax2 expression was detected in PS6 (Fig. ...
... notochord and somites 2-4) to induce kidney gene expression in PS6. Two parallel regions of chick PS6 were cultured for 24 hours, either alone or together with anterior midline tissues from the stage 10 quail embryo (Fig. 1B). When cultured alone, no Lim1 or Pax2 expression was detected in PS6 (Fig. ...
The UBA2 Domain Functions as an Intrinsic Stabilization Signal that
... The presence of several characteristic structural domains highlights the close relationship of Rad23 with the ubiquitin/proteasome system. Rad23 contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like (UbL) domain and two ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domains: an internal UBA1 domain and a C-terminal UBA2 domain (Buchbe ...
... The presence of several characteristic structural domains highlights the close relationship of Rad23 with the ubiquitin/proteasome system. Rad23 contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like (UbL) domain and two ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domains: an internal UBA1 domain and a C-terminal UBA2 domain (Buchbe ...
Phagosome maturation in unicellular eukaryote Paramecium: the
... pathway to ingest bacteria and other food particles. Digestion process starts up upon fusion of phagosomes (i.e. digestive vacuoles at stage II; DV-II) with the primary lysosomes (Allen and Fok 2000) on which we focused our analysis looking for molecular machinery involved in phagolysosome formation ...
... pathway to ingest bacteria and other food particles. Digestion process starts up upon fusion of phagosomes (i.e. digestive vacuoles at stage II; DV-II) with the primary lysosomes (Allen and Fok 2000) on which we focused our analysis looking for molecular machinery involved in phagolysosome formation ...
Transcriptionally repressed germ cells lack a subpopulation of
... (Seydoux et al., 1996). In this organism, several newly transcribed mRNAs have been detected in somatic blastomeres as early as the 4-cell stage, but none to date have been detected in germ-line blastomeres (Seydoux and Fire, 1994; Seydoux et al., 1996). This soma-germ line difference was shown to d ...
... (Seydoux et al., 1996). In this organism, several newly transcribed mRNAs have been detected in somatic blastomeres as early as the 4-cell stage, but none to date have been detected in germ-line blastomeres (Seydoux and Fire, 1994; Seydoux et al., 1996). This soma-germ line difference was shown to d ...
Transcriptionally repressed germ cells lack a
... (Seydoux et al., 1996). In this organism, several newly transcribed mRNAs have been detected in somatic blastomeres as early as the 4-cell stage, but none to date have been detected in germ-line blastomeres (Seydoux and Fire, 1994; Seydoux et al., 1996). This soma-germ line difference was shown to d ...
... (Seydoux et al., 1996). In this organism, several newly transcribed mRNAs have been detected in somatic blastomeres as early as the 4-cell stage, but none to date have been detected in germ-line blastomeres (Seydoux and Fire, 1994; Seydoux et al., 1996). This soma-germ line difference was shown to d ...
The mTERF protein MOC1 terminates mitochondrial DNA
... and yeast cells (1,2). In the case of phototrophic eukaryotes, there is an additional level of complexity, as metabolism in the mitochondria needs to be coordinated to that in the chloroplast (3). As yet the molecular mechanisms underpinning the regulation of gene expression in the mitochondria of p ...
... and yeast cells (1,2). In the case of phototrophic eukaryotes, there is an additional level of complexity, as metabolism in the mitochondria needs to be coordinated to that in the chloroplast (3). As yet the molecular mechanisms underpinning the regulation of gene expression in the mitochondria of p ...
ARVO 2017 Annual Meeting Abstracts 106 Development of the
... termed aniridia. Neovascularization of the cornea and choroid has been reported in patients with aniridia, yet Pax6 involvement in this pathogenesis remained elusive. Somatic mutagenesis of Pax6 in the specified retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) resulted in a phenotype of aniridia and further trans ...
... termed aniridia. Neovascularization of the cornea and choroid has been reported in patients with aniridia, yet Pax6 involvement in this pathogenesis remained elusive. Somatic mutagenesis of Pax6 in the specified retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) resulted in a phenotype of aniridia and further trans ...
Calcium, a signaling molecule in the endoplasmic reticulum?
... channel (1), resulting in a decreased free [Ca21]ER (,50 mM). Under these conditions, there are only limited interactions between proteins in the lumen of the ER and unfolded polypeptides. (b) When Ca21 is taken up by SERCA2b (2), ER stores are refilled ([Ca21]ER .400 mM), leading to full activation ...
... channel (1), resulting in a decreased free [Ca21]ER (,50 mM). Under these conditions, there are only limited interactions between proteins in the lumen of the ER and unfolded polypeptides. (b) When Ca21 is taken up by SERCA2b (2), ER stores are refilled ([Ca21]ER .400 mM), leading to full activation ...
Aritro Sen
... Regulation of estradiol (E) production, central to ovarian follicular development and reproductive function, is mediated by a complex interaction of pituitary gonadotropins such as FSH with locally produced regulatory molecules. While the regulation of E production by pituitary gonadotropins, steroi ...
... Regulation of estradiol (E) production, central to ovarian follicular development and reproductive function, is mediated by a complex interaction of pituitary gonadotropins such as FSH with locally produced regulatory molecules. While the regulation of E production by pituitary gonadotropins, steroi ...
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... of the function of CDM family members closely related to Mbc. Because CDM proteins form part of multiple signalling pathways, the best-characterised being the Crk-CDM-Rac pathway, we have also used our assay to investigate a postulated role for the adaptor proteins Crk and Crk-like (Crkl) in myoblas ...
... of the function of CDM family members closely related to Mbc. Because CDM proteins form part of multiple signalling pathways, the best-characterised being the Crk-CDM-Rac pathway, we have also used our assay to investigate a postulated role for the adaptor proteins Crk and Crk-like (Crkl) in myoblas ...
central spindle and contractile ring for cytokinesis encodes a kinesin
... cleavage furrow when the spindle is moved close to the cell cortex (Kawamura 1977). In addition to the contribution made by the spindle, several proteins, known as the chromosomal passenger proteins, dissociate from chromosomes at the metaphase–anaphase transition to be deposited at the cell equator ...
... cleavage furrow when the spindle is moved close to the cell cortex (Kawamura 1977). In addition to the contribution made by the spindle, several proteins, known as the chromosomal passenger proteins, dissociate from chromosomes at the metaphase–anaphase transition to be deposited at the cell equator ...
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... transcription by sequestering bHLH proteins away from target genes. In particular, genetic interaction studies and electromobility shift assays (EMSAs) have identified Da and AS-C members as targets of Emc sequestration (Van Doren et al., 1991, 1992; Martinez et al., 1993). Based on this mode of act ...
... transcription by sequestering bHLH proteins away from target genes. In particular, genetic interaction studies and electromobility shift assays (EMSAs) have identified Da and AS-C members as targets of Emc sequestration (Van Doren et al., 1991, 1992; Martinez et al., 1993). Based on this mode of act ...
Document
... •eukaryotes have 3 nuclear RNA polymerases, which transcribe unique sets of genes •RNA pol II transcribes protein coding genes and must respond to and integrate a diverse set of signals in order to regulate expression of >25k genes •in vitro transcription systems for pol II show accurate initiation ...
... •eukaryotes have 3 nuclear RNA polymerases, which transcribe unique sets of genes •RNA pol II transcribes protein coding genes and must respond to and integrate a diverse set of signals in order to regulate expression of >25k genes •in vitro transcription systems for pol II show accurate initiation ...
Identification of Pexl3p, a Peroxisomal Membrane Receptor for the
... CGA3'. The amplification product of the expected of size (1,909 bp) was isolated and subcloned (XhoI/BamHI) into pSK(+)AXbaI, a derivative of bluescript SK (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA) in which the XbaI and Spel sites of the vector had been destroyed by XbaI/Spel digestion and religation. The authenti ...
... CGA3'. The amplification product of the expected of size (1,909 bp) was isolated and subcloned (XhoI/BamHI) into pSK(+)AXbaI, a derivative of bluescript SK (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA) in which the XbaI and Spel sites of the vector had been destroyed by XbaI/Spel digestion and religation. The authenti ...
Running title - White Rose Research Online
... the importance of redox regulation in linking the fundamental energetic processes of the cell to developmental regulation required for stress survival has become increasingly accepted, some stresses may depend on redox processes to a greater degree than others. Drought is now widely considered to in ...
... the importance of redox regulation in linking the fundamental energetic processes of the cell to developmental regulation required for stress survival has become increasingly accepted, some stresses may depend on redox processes to a greater degree than others. Drought is now widely considered to in ...
Unit 4 proteins
... • Look at table 4.1 and work in groups of 2 to come up a list of additional enzymes you studied in Chapter 3 that need to be mass produced for recombinant DNA technology © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • Look at table 4.1 and work in groups of 2 to come up a list of additional enzymes you studied in Chapter 3 that need to be mass produced for recombinant DNA technology © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Auxin Action in a Cell
... essary for the auxin-dependent binding of Aux/IAA proteins, we expect that decreased membranes in the cellfree extract would cause a significant reduction in SCFTIR1-Aux/IAA interaction. However, as shown in Figure 2C, high-speed centrifugation had no effect on the level of activity, indicating that ...
... essary for the auxin-dependent binding of Aux/IAA proteins, we expect that decreased membranes in the cellfree extract would cause a significant reduction in SCFTIR1-Aux/IAA interaction. However, as shown in Figure 2C, high-speed centrifugation had no effect on the level of activity, indicating that ...
microRNA Mimic and Inhibitor Functional Analysis
... Introduction: microRNAs (miRNAs) are naturally occurring short RNA molecules of about 22 nucleotide (nt) long that regulate gene expression by binding to target mRNA and suppressing its translation or initiating its degradation.1 Since their initial description in C. elegans in 1993, almost four tho ...
... Introduction: microRNAs (miRNAs) are naturally occurring short RNA molecules of about 22 nucleotide (nt) long that regulate gene expression by binding to target mRNA and suppressing its translation or initiating its degradation.1 Since their initial description in C. elegans in 1993, almost four tho ...
Pea3 Transcription Factor Family Members Etv4 and Etv5 Mediate
... and sympathetic neurons observed in NGF mutant mice (Crowley et al., 1994). Moreover, analysis of Bax transgenic mice lacking TrkA revealed that NGF is essential not only for neuronal survival but also for the establishment of correct target innervation (Patel et al., 2000). Target-derived NGF elici ...
... and sympathetic neurons observed in NGF mutant mice (Crowley et al., 1994). Moreover, analysis of Bax transgenic mice lacking TrkA revealed that NGF is essential not only for neuronal survival but also for the establishment of correct target innervation (Patel et al., 2000). Target-derived NGF elici ...
Tcf7l1 protects the anterior neural fold from adopting the neural crest
... of Sox9 mRNA with BAT-gal signal. Arrowheads (C) indicate Sox9 transcripts in the neural plate. (E) Mapping of recombination delivered by AP2α-Cre using Rosa26EYFPfl/+ reporter mice at various stages (E7.0-E10.5). EYFP was detected either directly or using anti-GFP antibody. Two different optical se ...
... of Sox9 mRNA with BAT-gal signal. Arrowheads (C) indicate Sox9 transcripts in the neural plate. (E) Mapping of recombination delivered by AP2α-Cre using Rosa26EYFPfl/+ reporter mice at various stages (E7.0-E10.5). EYFP was detected either directly or using anti-GFP antibody. Two different optical se ...
Study of the role of estrogen receptor variant, ER36, in non genomic
... technical help and hygiene and security advice. I wish to thank Julien Jacquemetton alias ‘Jack’, our engineer, for all his precious help to finish the experiments for our project during the last rush hour. Thank you for all your microscopy skills and all your informatics advice. I wish to thank my ...
... technical help and hygiene and security advice. I wish to thank Julien Jacquemetton alias ‘Jack’, our engineer, for all his precious help to finish the experiments for our project during the last rush hour. Thank you for all your microscopy skills and all your informatics advice. I wish to thank my ...
Introduction Wnt signaling in development
... emphasis will be placed on Wnt signaling in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the model organism used in our studies. In the second part, I will discuss the still poorly understood mechanism of Wnt production and secretion. Recent results from us and others suggest that Wnt secretion is mediated ...
... emphasis will be placed on Wnt signaling in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the model organism used in our studies. In the second part, I will discuss the still poorly understood mechanism of Wnt production and secretion. Recent results from us and others suggest that Wnt secretion is mediated ...
Differential expression of genes under control of the
... family encodes dikaryon-specific hydrophilic proteins with homology to pathogenesis-related proteins (PR1 proteins) of plants (Schuren e t al., 1993). The SCl/SC3/SC4 gene family encodes cysteine-rich hydrophobic proteins (Schuren & Wessels, 1990) which we called hydrophobins (Wessels e t a/., 1991a ...
... family encodes dikaryon-specific hydrophilic proteins with homology to pathogenesis-related proteins (PR1 proteins) of plants (Schuren e t al., 1993). The SCl/SC3/SC4 gene family encodes cysteine-rich hydrophobic proteins (Schuren & Wessels, 1990) which we called hydrophobins (Wessels e t a/., 1991a ...
Wnts and PKA control Nodal expression
... Growth Factor (FGF) superfamilies of secreted factors have all been shown to engage in regulatory loops that initiate and stabilize asymmetric gene expression in the early embryo. Among the genes known to play instructive roles during the development of the left-right (LR) axis, the gene Nodal occup ...
... Growth Factor (FGF) superfamilies of secreted factors have all been shown to engage in regulatory loops that initiate and stabilize asymmetric gene expression in the early embryo. Among the genes known to play instructive roles during the development of the left-right (LR) axis, the gene Nodal occup ...
MAPK Review
... observation that Raf is an effector of Ras small GTP binding proteins.18-24 Isoforms of Ras and Raf are found mutated in a variety of human tumors, implicating ERK1/2 in proliferation and oncogenic growth.25,26 Although regulation through this pathway is exceedingly complex, the potential of this MA ...
... observation that Raf is an effector of Ras small GTP binding proteins.18-24 Isoforms of Ras and Raf are found mutated in a variety of human tumors, implicating ERK1/2 in proliferation and oncogenic growth.25,26 Although regulation through this pathway is exceedingly complex, the potential of this MA ...
Hedgehog signaling pathway
The Hedgehog signaling pathway (or signalling pathway; see spelling differences) is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper development. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include basal cell carcinoma.The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of animal development and is present in all bilaterians. The pathway takes its name from its polypeptide ligand, an intercellular signaling molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) found in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. Hh is one of Drosophila's segment polarity gene products, involved in establishing the basis of the fly body plan. The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis.Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, DHH, IHH, and SHH, of which Sonic (SHH) is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development. In knockout mice lacking components of the pathway, the brain, skeleton, musculature, gastrointestinal tract and lungs fail to develop correctly. Recent studies point to the role of Hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues. The pathway has also been implicated in the development of some cancers. Drugs that specifically target Hedgehog signaling to fight this disease are being actively developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.