MAPK Phosphatase AP2C3 Induces Ectopic Proliferation of
... [13,14,15,16]. Phosphorylation of SPCH by MPK6 was shown to control the entry into stomata lineage and to connect signaling through MAPKs to downstream transcriptional regulatory targets of stomata development [13]. MAPKKs MKK4 and MKK5, as well as MKK7 and MKK9 inhibit the entry into stomata lineag ...
... [13,14,15,16]. Phosphorylation of SPCH by MPK6 was shown to control the entry into stomata lineage and to connect signaling through MAPKs to downstream transcriptional regulatory targets of stomata development [13]. MAPKKs MKK4 and MKK5, as well as MKK7 and MKK9 inhibit the entry into stomata lineag ...
Protein kinase Ca activation by RET: evidence for a negative
... proto-oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase, RET and a GPI-anchored protein named GFRa. The existence of four different GFRa proteins (GFRa1, GFRa2, GFRa3 and GFRa4) gives different ligands the specificity of binding to RET-GFRa complex. The GFRa receptors are linked to the cell membrane via glycosyl-ph ...
... proto-oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase, RET and a GPI-anchored protein named GFRa. The existence of four different GFRa proteins (GFRa1, GFRa2, GFRa3 and GFRa4) gives different ligands the specificity of binding to RET-GFRa complex. The GFRa receptors are linked to the cell membrane via glycosyl-ph ...
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... signaling, including 2C-type protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) and SnRK2 (SNF1-related kinase 2)-type protein kinases. The PYR/PYL/RCAR protein family comprises 14 members, all of which function in ABA perception and signaling [9,51,57,63,64]. The results of genetic analysis using triple (pyr1:pyl1:pyl4) ...
... signaling, including 2C-type protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) and SnRK2 (SNF1-related kinase 2)-type protein kinases. The PYR/PYL/RCAR protein family comprises 14 members, all of which function in ABA perception and signaling [9,51,57,63,64]. The results of genetic analysis using triple (pyr1:pyl1:pyl4) ...
Effects of the regulatory proteins MITF and TFEB on
... Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a part of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) leucine zipper transcription factor family and has an important role in regulating lysosomal genes and lysosomal biogenesis (Settembre & Ballabio 2011). When TFEB is present in the nucleus it promotes transcription of many ...
... Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a part of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) leucine zipper transcription factor family and has an important role in regulating lysosomal genes and lysosomal biogenesis (Settembre & Ballabio 2011). When TFEB is present in the nucleus it promotes transcription of many ...
Functions of the cytoplasmic domain of the βPS
... subunits (Solowska et al., 1989; Hayashi et al., 1990; Marcantonio et al., 1990; Reszka et al., 1992). However, integrins are thought to play crucial roles not only in cellular events such as oncogenic transformation, hemostasis, inflammation and immune response (see reviews above), but also in nume ...
... subunits (Solowska et al., 1989; Hayashi et al., 1990; Marcantonio et al., 1990; Reszka et al., 1992). However, integrins are thought to play crucial roles not only in cellular events such as oncogenic transformation, hemostasis, inflammation and immune response (see reviews above), but also in nume ...
Mechanisms of dorsal-ventral axis determination in
... 1989). Within an approximately 16-cell span, they go from highest to undetectable levels (Roth et al., 1989). In injected embryos, this region of decreasing nuclear concentrations comprises only approximately 8 cells (Fig. 2A,C). These results demonstrate that domains of twist expression and zen rep ...
... 1989). Within an approximately 16-cell span, they go from highest to undetectable levels (Roth et al., 1989). In injected embryos, this region of decreasing nuclear concentrations comprises only approximately 8 cells (Fig. 2A,C). These results demonstrate that domains of twist expression and zen rep ...
Translocation of proteins across archaeal cytoplasmic membranes
... vivo, and in vitro analyses of archaeal cellular processes have not only led to a better understanding of life under extreme conditions, but have also provided novel insights into bacterial and eukaryotic cellular function. One such cellular process is that of protein translocation. 1.2. Protein tra ...
... vivo, and in vitro analyses of archaeal cellular processes have not only led to a better understanding of life under extreme conditions, but have also provided novel insights into bacterial and eukaryotic cellular function. One such cellular process is that of protein translocation. 1.2. Protein tra ...
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... et. al., 2006). In this project, the formation of the stressosome under different conditions of cellular stress (DNA damage, ATP release, ER stress, mitochondrial ROS, heat, TLR) will be studied by UG2 in cells that are deficient in different signalling molecules, using gel filtration, blue native e ...
... et. al., 2006). In this project, the formation of the stressosome under different conditions of cellular stress (DNA damage, ATP release, ER stress, mitochondrial ROS, heat, TLR) will be studied by UG2 in cells that are deficient in different signalling molecules, using gel filtration, blue native e ...
Mucolipin 1 channel activity is regulated by protein kinase A
... that contained both late-endosomal and lysosomal markers [21]. Recently, several groups have suggested additional roles for MCOLN1 in different cellular processes, including regulation of lysosomal acidification [18], autophagy of mitochondria [22] and lysosomal secretion [23]. One way to gain infor ...
... that contained both late-endosomal and lysosomal markers [21]. Recently, several groups have suggested additional roles for MCOLN1 in different cellular processes, including regulation of lysosomal acidification [18], autophagy of mitochondria [22] and lysosomal secretion [23]. One way to gain infor ...
Innexin7a forms junctions that stabilize the basal
... TEM micrographs (Fig. 4B,D,F). Thus, it is possible that polarized membrane insertion along microtubules plays a role in basal cell closure, similar to that seen during the phase of rapid membrane extension in Drosophila. Consistent with this, we observed numerous highly mobile GAP43-YFP-positive co ...
... TEM micrographs (Fig. 4B,D,F). Thus, it is possible that polarized membrane insertion along microtubules plays a role in basal cell closure, similar to that seen during the phase of rapid membrane extension in Drosophila. Consistent with this, we observed numerous highly mobile GAP43-YFP-positive co ...
Suppressor of Hairless-independent events in
... 2H; Sun and Artavanis-Tsakonas, 1996). In contrast, the sevANK transgene fails to induce ectopic Mδ expression (Fig. 2I). This is consistent with the observation that the sev-ANK mutant phenotype is distinct from that induced by Nact. In sev-ANK eye discs, the overall expression of Mδ is suppressed ...
... 2H; Sun and Artavanis-Tsakonas, 1996). In contrast, the sevANK transgene fails to induce ectopic Mδ expression (Fig. 2I). This is consistent with the observation that the sev-ANK mutant phenotype is distinct from that induced by Nact. In sev-ANK eye discs, the overall expression of Mδ is suppressed ...
The AMP-activated protein kinase pathway – new
... nucleotides, ATP and ADP, and the chemicals in an electrical cell or battery. Living cells normally maintain a high ratio of ATP to ADP (typically around 10:1), which is many orders of magnitude away from the equilibrium ratio for ATP hydrolysis under cellular conditions. This represents a store of ...
... nucleotides, ATP and ADP, and the chemicals in an electrical cell or battery. Living cells normally maintain a high ratio of ATP to ADP (typically around 10:1), which is many orders of magnitude away from the equilibrium ratio for ATP hydrolysis under cellular conditions. This represents a store of ...
Dual Location of the Mitochondrial Preprotein
... also observed into an unknown complex, located between complex III and complex IV (Figure 2C, indicated with a +). In addition, nonspecific labeling of complex V was observed with all precursor proteins (indicated by an asterisk), which likely represents the incorporation of radiolabeled Met into sub ...
... also observed into an unknown complex, located between complex III and complex IV (Figure 2C, indicated with a +). In addition, nonspecific labeling of complex V was observed with all precursor proteins (indicated by an asterisk), which likely represents the incorporation of radiolabeled Met into sub ...
Pascale G. Charest and Michel Bouvier Activation
... receptor desensitization is now well established (1). Upon activation, GPCRs become phosphorylated by both second messenger-activated and GPCR kinases on serine and threonine residues located in the third intracellular loop and/or carboxylterminal tail of the receptors. These phosphorylation events ...
... receptor desensitization is now well established (1). Upon activation, GPCRs become phosphorylated by both second messenger-activated and GPCR kinases on serine and threonine residues located in the third intracellular loop and/or carboxylterminal tail of the receptors. These phosphorylation events ...
A high-sugar diet produces obesity and insulin
... similar to that observed in insulin pathway mutants (Bohni et al., 1999; Shingleton et al., 2005). The Drosophila fat body is the principal site of stored fat in the fly and functions as both adipose and liver. Although the amount of fat body tissue seemed to be unchanged, Nile Red staining revealed ...
... similar to that observed in insulin pathway mutants (Bohni et al., 1999; Shingleton et al., 2005). The Drosophila fat body is the principal site of stored fat in the fly and functions as both adipose and liver. Although the amount of fat body tissue seemed to be unchanged, Nile Red staining revealed ...
structure-function analysis of the drosophila stubble type ii
... development. Disruption of a single member of such a hierarchy can lead to irregular development and disease. Therefore, knowledge of the members involved and the mechanisms controlling signaling through such pathways is of great importance in understanding how resulting developmental defects occur. ...
... development. Disruption of a single member of such a hierarchy can lead to irregular development and disease. Therefore, knowledge of the members involved and the mechanisms controlling signaling through such pathways is of great importance in understanding how resulting developmental defects occur. ...
Malva verticillata seed extracts upregulate the Wnt pathway in
... The effects of the ethanol extract of M. verticillata seeds on the Wnt/b-catenin signalling pathway in cultured human DPCs were tested. Because the reporter plasmid contained the firefly luciferase gene under the control of a TCF-binding site, luciferase activity correlated with a stimulation of the ...
... The effects of the ethanol extract of M. verticillata seeds on the Wnt/b-catenin signalling pathway in cultured human DPCs were tested. Because the reporter plasmid contained the firefly luciferase gene under the control of a TCF-binding site, luciferase activity correlated with a stimulation of the ...
Role of Polo-like kinase in the degradation of early mitotic inhibitor 1
... Fig. 2. Plk1 and Cdk1-cyclin B synergistically stimulate the ubiquitylation of Emi1 by SCF-TrCP. (A) Synergistic effect of the two protein kinases on the ligation of Emi1 to ubiquitin (Ub). The ubiquitylation of Emi1 by SCF-TrCP was determined as described in Methods in the presence of the indicat ...
... Fig. 2. Plk1 and Cdk1-cyclin B synergistically stimulate the ubiquitylation of Emi1 by SCF-TrCP. (A) Synergistic effect of the two protein kinases on the ligation of Emi1 to ubiquitin (Ub). The ubiquitylation of Emi1 by SCF-TrCP was determined as described in Methods in the presence of the indicat ...
Cell signalling - The Open University
... the same type of receptor can be coupled to different signalling pathways in different cell types; the signal can be amplified (or damped down) as it travels along the signalling pathway; it can switch on multiple pathways, leading to several cellular responses in diverse regions of the cell; ...
... the same type of receptor can be coupled to different signalling pathways in different cell types; the signal can be amplified (or damped down) as it travels along the signalling pathway; it can switch on multiple pathways, leading to several cellular responses in diverse regions of the cell; ...
Activation Mechanism of Protein Kinase B by DNA
... DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can be accidentally introduced in cells by the action of ionizing radiation or certain reactive radicals. These agents have the ability to initiate a series of chemical reactions that ultimately sever the DNA backbone, resulting in chromosome breakage and fragmentatio ...
... DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can be accidentally introduced in cells by the action of ionizing radiation or certain reactive radicals. These agents have the ability to initiate a series of chemical reactions that ultimately sever the DNA backbone, resulting in chromosome breakage and fragmentatio ...
PAI-1 - Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange
... Human plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is an important serpin that plays a role in the delicate balance between blood clot formation and fibrinolysis. Elevated PAI-1 levels correlate with many diseased states such as diabetes, heart disease, and arthrosclerosis. PAI-1 functions to regu ...
... Human plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is an important serpin that plays a role in the delicate balance between blood clot formation and fibrinolysis. Elevated PAI-1 levels correlate with many diseased states such as diabetes, heart disease, and arthrosclerosis. PAI-1 functions to regu ...
Plant mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades
... components that link sensors/receptors to target genes and other cellular responses. In the past few years, it has become apparent that mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play some of the most essential roles in plant signal transduction pathways from cell division to cell death (Figure ...
... components that link sensors/receptors to target genes and other cellular responses. In the past few years, it has become apparent that mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play some of the most essential roles in plant signal transduction pathways from cell division to cell death (Figure ...
Molecular assembly of the period-cryptochrome circadian
... activity of CLOCK and BMAL1, helping to reduce the rate at which the circadian genes are transcribed as the day progresses. Nangle et al. provide new insights into how the Period and Cryptochrome proteins interact with each other, using X-ray crystallography to reveal the molecular level details of ...
... activity of CLOCK and BMAL1, helping to reduce the rate at which the circadian genes are transcribed as the day progresses. Nangle et al. provide new insights into how the Period and Cryptochrome proteins interact with each other, using X-ray crystallography to reveal the molecular level details of ...
Merlin and Expanded interact - Development
... can form homotypic dimers, and heterotypic dimers with ERM proteins, but the functional significance of these interactions is not known (Gronholm et al., 1999). Other Merlin binding partners include NHE3-RF, the Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor that also binds to ERM proteins (Reczek et al., 1997; ...
... can form homotypic dimers, and heterotypic dimers with ERM proteins, but the functional significance of these interactions is not known (Gronholm et al., 1999). Other Merlin binding partners include NHE3-RF, the Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor that also binds to ERM proteins (Reczek et al., 1997; ...
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... We next examined whether overexpression of Coco would enhance TGFβ1 signaling. To address this, we used the ePiggyBac transposable element system (Lacoste et al., 2009) to generate a C2C12 cell line that expresses Coco under the control of the Tetresponsive-element (TRE) (Fig. 3A). This allows induc ...
... We next examined whether overexpression of Coco would enhance TGFβ1 signaling. To address this, we used the ePiggyBac transposable element system (Lacoste et al., 2009) to generate a C2C12 cell line that expresses Coco under the control of the Tetresponsive-element (TRE) (Fig. 3A). This allows induc ...
Hedgehog signaling pathway
The Hedgehog signaling pathway (or signalling pathway; see spelling differences) is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper development. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include basal cell carcinoma.The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of animal development and is present in all bilaterians. The pathway takes its name from its polypeptide ligand, an intercellular signaling molecule called Hedgehog (Hh) found in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. Hh is one of Drosophila's segment polarity gene products, involved in establishing the basis of the fly body plan. The molecule remains important during later stages of embryogenesis and metamorphosis.Mammals have three Hedgehog homologues, DHH, IHH, and SHH, of which Sonic (SHH) is the best studied. The pathway is equally important during vertebrate embryonic development. In knockout mice lacking components of the pathway, the brain, skeleton, musculature, gastrointestinal tract and lungs fail to develop correctly. Recent studies point to the role of Hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues. The pathway has also been implicated in the development of some cancers. Drugs that specifically target Hedgehog signaling to fight this disease are being actively developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.