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Network Protocols
Network Protocols

... physical address, also called MAC address (Media Access Control) or hardware address, which is assigned and burned into hardware when it is manufactured. MAC address of every Ethernet device is guaranteed to be globally unique. Identifies some destination device on the same LAN. Cannot identify dest ...
Routing and Switching (CCNA).
Routing and Switching (CCNA).

... Trunking, Configuring and Verifying VTP, Troubleshooting VTP, ...
foils-4.1-to-4.4-1199
foils-4.1-to-4.4-1199

... • It can build a complete network topology and link cost map (identical for all routers) • Next, it computes routes from itself to all other nodes in the network (using, for example, Dijkstra’s Alg). It creates a routing table with such routes • Routing tables at different nodes are all consistent s ...
Scalability
Scalability

... Broadcast Broadcast works only within one network. It uses a special IP number with the host portion set to all 1’s. Eg, 172.20.81.255 This only works with UDP (why?) One copy of the data goes onto the network. Everyone who is listening receives it ...
Network layer
Network layer

...  Physical layer: handle the transmission of raw bits over a communications link  Data-link layer: collect a stream of bits into a large aggregate called a frame  Network layer: handle routing among nodes within a packetswitched network.  Transport layer: implement a process-to-process channel  ...
Overlay Networks
Overlay Networks

...  Router vendors wouldn’t support IP multicast  … since they weren’t sure anyone would use it  And, since it didn’t exist, nobody was using it  Idea: software implementing multicast protocols  And unicast tunnels to traverse non-participants ...
COT 6930 Ad Hoc Networks (Part III)
COT 6930 Ad Hoc Networks (Part III)

... get connected to initial piconets.  Phase 3: Piconets get connected to form a scatternet (slaves set up outgoing links).  Dominating-set-based bluenet? ...
Media Access and Internet Working
Media Access and Internet Working

... network from an IP address Masking can be done whether we have subnet or not ...
ch12
ch12

... destination has logged off, or many other reasons. Because of different routings, IP packets may also at the destination in the wrong order, Resolution of the problem occurs at the transport level. If UDP was the transport mechanism, the communication is connectionless; therefore, the destination U ...
“Fig 1.5” – An internet
“Fig 1.5” – An internet

... at source, data divided into packets packets individually sent from source to destination data reassembled at destination ...
INPUT DOCUMENT: Response to Report of the 6th FGNGN
INPUT DOCUMENT: Response to Report of the 6th FGNGN

... 3) Network attachment points (NAPs): These are the ports of a network, the places where a node is attached. In many discussions about data communication networks, the term "address" is an identifier of a network attachment point. 4) Paths: These run between network attachment points, traversing forw ...
APPLICATION-LAYER MULTICASTING
APPLICATION-LAYER MULTICASTING

ppt
ppt

... The 0, 1, Infinity Principle At Work The original Internet had exactly 1 level of hierarchy: Network Address and Host Address (Class A, B, C…) From the mid-90’s: CIDR allows arbitrary sub-networking. Further improves route aggregation in the Internet core. ...
Project Title Date Submitted
Project Title Date Submitted

... The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions o ...
Week 3 Protocols suite, Data Link Layer Protocols
Week 3 Protocols suite, Data Link Layer Protocols

... Gateway protocols ...


... permanent stations. We can say that an ad hoc network is an autonomous system of mobile hosts connected by wireless links. The combination of hosts form a communication network modeled in the form of an arbitrary graph over relatively bandwidth constrained wireless links. This is in distinction to t ...
CSC 110 - Intro. to Computing
CSC 110 - Intro. to Computing

... Routing data between networks relies upon knowing computer’s IP address  IP ...
1. Application layer, Transport layer, Internet layer, Link layer 2
1. Application layer, Transport layer, Internet layer, Link layer 2

... PDU at the Layer 2 of the OSI model. A packet is encapsulated in one of more frames (depending on the size of the packet and maximum transmission unit of the frame) e.g. in Ethernet frames. 5. Connection-oriented protocols require that a logical connection be established between two device before tr ...
PPT
PPT

... Types of Traffic... Computer Data Bursty Highly sensitive to errors Not as time sensitive as voice or video  Interactive Voice/Video Fixed Rate (if not compressed) *Not sensitive to errors Fixed or Variable Rate (if compressed) *Sensitive to errors Time Sensitive ...
presentation
presentation

... can avoid the unnecessary packets. The extra information is the fact whether a link between two neighbors is on the shortest path to the sender. ...
Document
Document

Chapter 15 Local Area Network Overview
Chapter 15 Local Area Network Overview

... the LAN attached to port X • Use the source address to update forwarding database for port X to include that address • Timer on each entry in database • Each time frame arrives, source address ...
Practice questions for exam
Practice questions for exam

... 47. You are designing a corporate network. List at least four of the most important network design criteria you should have in mind. 48. Explain what tier-1, tier-2, and tier-3 networks are. 49. Explain the difference between a service, a primitive and a protocol. 50. Explain the difference between ...
Understanding Networking
Understanding Networking

... serve contents (such as Web pages). • Gateway nodes are computers that control traffic within your company’s network or at your local internet service provider (ISP) ...
SCORE: A Scalable Architecture for Implementing Resource
SCORE: A Scalable Architecture for Implementing Resource

... - Source traffic characteristics – use token bucket - Reservation style – specify whether a RESV message will be forwarded to this server ...
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IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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