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Chapter 5
Chapter 5

... the network since each node must receive and regenerate the signal • The more workstations added, the slower the ring • Access to ring topology is more fair than with bus topology access (Why?) ...
Overlay networks
Overlay networks

... Multicast packets do not impose as high a rate of bandwidth utilization as unicast packets, so there is a greater possibility that they will arrive almost simultaneously at the receivers ...
CMPT 880: Internet Architectures and Protocols
CMPT 880: Internet Architectures and Protocols

... • more users or faster transfer (a single user can use entire bw) • Well suited for bursty traffic (typical in data networks) ...
Week 9
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route around failure
route around failure

...  RON makes use of underlying path redundancy of Internet to provide better path and route around failure  RON is end to end solution, packets are simply wrapped around and sent normally ...
Ad Hoc Network Protocols1
Ad Hoc Network Protocols1

... Loops: Source Route Bridging A B D C ...
Network Topology: Physical & Logical
Network Topology: Physical & Logical

... Tree Network • In hub or tree network, the wires that are used to connect different nodes are collapsed into a central unit, called hub. • Hub does not perform switching function. • It consists of repeaters that retransmitted all the signals from nodes to all other nodes in the same way. • The mult ...
multicast - Data Thinker
multicast - Data Thinker

... sends copy to all neighbors  problems: cycles & broadcast storm ...
What is a Network?
What is a Network?

... Ethernet running over UTP cables terminated with RJ45 connectors made use of hubs Hubs became the new backbone of many installations As hubs became less expensive, extra hubs were often used a repeaters in more complex networks Hubs are layer one devices (physical/electrical devices) and do not alte ...
PDF (Updated 1/18)
PDF (Updated 1/18)

... Protocols at this level transmit data in a network representation that is independent of the representations used in individual computers, which may differ. Encryption is also performed in this layer, if required. At this level reliability and adaptation are performed, such as detection of failures ...
Performance Evaluation of the IEEE 802.16 MAC for QoS Support
Performance Evaluation of the IEEE 802.16 MAC for QoS Support

... subscriber stations (SS) with radio base stations (BS) Offers an alternative to cabled access networks – fiber optic links, coaxial cables using cable modems, DSL links Supports nomadic and mobile clients on the go (IEEE 802.16 e, 2004) ...
Figure 9.1: Communication at the data
Figure 9.1: Communication at the data

... To better understand the functionality of and the services provided by the link layer, we can divide the data-link layer into two sublayers: data link control (DLC) and media access control (MAC). This is not unusual because, as we will see in later chapters, LAN protocols actually use the same stra ...
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... various kinds such as DRAM or SRAM as their primary storage. Main memory is much faster than mass storage devices like hard disks or optical discs, but does not usually retain its contents (instructions or data) in the absence of power, and is much more expensive for a given capacity than is most ma ...
CMPT 880: Internet Architectures and Protocols
CMPT 880: Internet Architectures and Protocols

... • more users or faster transfer (a single user can use entire bw) • Well suited for bursty traffic (typical in data networks) ...
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Class Extra Switching, etc for

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...  routers: no state about end-to-end connections  no network-level concept of “connection” ...
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Ethernet over Coax HPNA Network Adapter Product
Ethernet over Coax HPNA Network Adapter Product

... increased bandwidth within the home and office is becoming critical. The wired network is no longer simply a series of pathways to transfer small files or share applications; there is now a real need for high-performance IP networking that can deliver huge multimedia files at high rates of speed wit ...
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... more potential for aggregation (and reducing routing table size), but not always so… – Multi-homing a PA address – Traffic engineering between multiple links to same single provider ...
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Lesson 07 Bridges, Hub, Switches and Routers
Lesson 07 Bridges, Hub, Switches and Routers

... Routing table tells What is the IP address a of next target for the packet (next-hop or addressee) On which link this host is located (and directly reachable) Broadcast “who-as a” on the link The host whose IP is a replies: “a is-at m” Encapsulated the IP packet in a Ethernet frame: Source MAC addre ...
Addressing - Punjab University College of Information
Addressing - Punjab University College of Information

... IEEE as G/L bit IEEE sets G/L = 0 when giving out the blocks of addresses Addresses with G/L = 1 can be used without paying IEEE but the network administrator is responsible to assign addresses such that there is no collision This leaves with 222 unique OUIs ...
KIS – Cvičenie #1
KIS – Cvičenie #1

... • Divides network into broadcast domains: – A broadcast domain is a logical area in a computer network where any computer connected to the computer network can directly transmit to any other in the domain without having to go through a routing device ...
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IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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