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PPT
PPT

... model causes higher density • Random Direction maintains initial node density ...
Sensor Networks
Sensor Networks

... Intelligence have to Sensor Networks? Problem: Randomly distributed sensor network, low power nodes, remote monitoring in a large scale environment Power efficiency Maximize Sensory function ...
Data Communication Network
Data Communication Network

... identified by an IP address, and all hosts are physical network nodes. However, some datalink layer devices such as switches, bridges and WLAN access points do not have an IP host address (except sometimes for administrative purposes), and are not considered to be Internet nodes or hosts, but as phy ...
Ethernet LANs - University of Calgary
Ethernet LANs - University of Calgary

... Coaxial bus: Broadcast LAN all transmitted frames travel to and are processed by all adapters connected to bus. Hub-based star network: Also broadcast LAN – hosts are directly connected to a hub with twistedpair copper wire. Hub sends a copy out on all of its other ...
Layer One Networking
Layer One Networking

... Application layer Presentation layer Session layer Transport layer Network layer Data link layer Physical layer ...
Question 1
Question 1

... 4. A bridge can carry out traffic filtering based on Layer-2 addressing. 5. In a switched star Ethernet, one might expect the performance of the network to improve later than at the instant the network is started up. 6. Bridging can be used to increase the number of hosts connected to a shared Ether ...
Computer Networks
Computer Networks

... • Need to be able to able to detect errors that may occur on the imperfect transmission line ...
Lecture 3 - Network hardware, Ethernet
Lecture 3 - Network hardware, Ethernet

... • Implemented on coaxial cable of up to 500 meters in length • Hosts connect by “tapping” into it. – Taps at least 2.5 meters apart ...
What is Communication - Comsats Institute of Information Technology
What is Communication - Comsats Institute of Information Technology

Week 9
Week 9

...  Hub: physical layer repeaters  repeat received bits on one interface to all other interfaces; no buffering  Transmission by one node may collide with any node residing at any segment connected to the same hub twisted pair ...
Data Modeling - Computer Science at Hiram College
Data Modeling - Computer Science at Hiram College

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Industrial communications first test
Industrial communications first test

... signaling on pair of wires – small voltage detection thresholds, common mode rejection – improves performance over longer distances (1200m, any rate below 9600 baud); uses driver enable/disable – multidrop (up to 32 driver/receiver pairs can share a net). A RS485 bus behaves like a transm. line, the ...
lecture 7: interconnection networks – ii
lecture 7: interconnection networks – ii

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The Data Link Layer
The Data Link Layer

... – No connection required but each frame is individually acknowledged – Useful for unreliable channel, such as wireless systems. – Transport layer may do message recovery but is more expensive than frame recovery at data link layer ...
Chapter 2 - William Stallings, Data and Computer
Chapter 2 - William Stallings, Data and Computer

... data exchange can involve complex procedures. better if task broken into subtasks implemented separately in layers in stack  each layer provides functions needed to perform functions for layers above  using functions provided by layers below layers communicate using a set of rules known as a proto ...
Slides
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... Distributed systems consisting of interconnected nodes able to self-organize into network topologies with the purpose of sharing resources such as content, CPU cycles, storage and bandwidth, capable of adapting to failures and accommodating transient populations of nodes while maintaining acceptable ...
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Ref_Models

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OSI Data Link Layer
OSI Data Link Layer

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Media Oriented Systems Transport

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No Slide Title
No Slide Title

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MAC Protocols
MAC Protocols

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MAC Protocols
MAC Protocols

...  we learned how to do this already  seldom used on low bit error link (fiber, some twisted pair)  wireless links: high error rates • Q: why both link-level and end-end reliability? Network Layer ...
Curtis Oelmann
Curtis Oelmann

Chapter 11: Approaches to Networking
Chapter 11: Approaches to Networking

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Homework 6
Homework 6

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CAN bus

A controller area network (CAN bus) is a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other in applications without a host computer. It is a message-based protocol, designed originally for multiplex electrical wiring within automobiles, but is also used in many other contexts.Development of the CAN bus started in 1983 at Robert Bosch GmbH. The protocol was officially released in 1986 at the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) congress in Detroit, Michigan. The first CAN controller chips, produced by Intel and Philips, came on the market in 1987. The 1988 BMW 8 Series was the first production vehicle to feature a CAN-based multiplex wiring system.Bosch published several versions of the CAN specification and the latest is CAN 2.0 published in 1991. This specification has two parts; part A is for the standard format with an 11-bit identifier, and part B is for the extended format with a 29-bit identifier. A CAN device that uses 11-bit identifiers is commonly called CAN 2.0A and a CAN device that uses 29-bit identifiers is commonly called CAN 2.0B. These standards are freely available from Bosch along with other specifications and white papers.In 1993 the International Organization for Standardization released the CAN standard ISO 11898 which was later restructured into two parts; ISO 11898-1 which covers the data link layer, and ISO 11898-2 which covers the CAN physical layer for high-speed CAN. ISO 11898-3 was released later and covers the CAN physical layer for low-speed, fault-tolerant CAN. The physical layer standards ISO 11898-2 and ISO 11898-3 are not part of the Bosch CAN 2.0 specification. These standards may be purchased from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).CAN in Automation (CiA) also published CAN standards; CAN Specification 2.0 part A and part B, but their status is now obsolete (superseded by ISO 11898-1).Bosch is still active in extending the CAN standards. In 2012 Bosch released CAN FD 1.0 or CAN with Flexible Data-Rate. This specification uses a different frame format that allows a different data length as well as optionally switching to a faster bit rate after the arbitration is decided. CAN FD is compatible with existing CAN 2.0 networks so new CAN FD devices can coexist on the same network with existing CAN devices.CAN bus is one of five protocols used in the on-board diagnostics (OBD)-II vehicle diagnostics standard. The OBD-II standard has been mandatory for all cars and light trucks sold in the United States since 1996, and the EOBD standard has been mandatory for all petrol vehicles sold in the European Union since 2001 and all diesel vehicles since 2004.
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