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Practice Questions
... • The direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation is • A)oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water. • B)the thermodynamically favorable flow of electrons from NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport carriers. • C)the final transfer of electrons to ox ...
... • The direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation is • A)oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water. • B)the thermodynamically favorable flow of electrons from NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport carriers. • C)the final transfer of electrons to ox ...
cellular respiration
... pump hydrogen ions into a special reservoir – Sort of like using energy to pump water to a lake above a dam ...
... pump hydrogen ions into a special reservoir – Sort of like using energy to pump water to a lake above a dam ...
8.1 Glycolysis Know the overall reaction: the materials that go in
... structures of the molecules that populate the citric acid cycle 10.1 Electron Transport: Electron Transport and Its Components Know what each complex does What goes in and what comes out (pump protons, make UQH2, transfer electrons from UQH2, or some combination of any of the above) Why does FAD med ...
... structures of the molecules that populate the citric acid cycle 10.1 Electron Transport: Electron Transport and Its Components Know what each complex does What goes in and what comes out (pump protons, make UQH2, transfer electrons from UQH2, or some combination of any of the above) Why does FAD med ...
Oxidations – loss of electrons
... • Oxidations – loss of electrons • Dehydrogenations – lost electrons are accompanied by protons – A hydrogen atom is lost (1 electron, 1 proton) ...
... • Oxidations – loss of electrons • Dehydrogenations – lost electrons are accompanied by protons – A hydrogen atom is lost (1 electron, 1 proton) ...
Lecture 16 (Parker) - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... Electrons are carried from NADH-Q oxidoreductase (complex I) to Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III) by the reduced form of Q; QH2 NADH-Q oxidoreductase (complex I) is a huge (>900kD) enzyme consisting of 46 polypeptide chains. This proton pump is composed of both mitochondrial and nuclear ge ...
... Electrons are carried from NADH-Q oxidoreductase (complex I) to Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III) by the reduced form of Q; QH2 NADH-Q oxidoreductase (complex I) is a huge (>900kD) enzyme consisting of 46 polypeptide chains. This proton pump is composed of both mitochondrial and nuclear ge ...
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... • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2. • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly. • What is its purpose then? ...
... • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2. • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly. • What is its purpose then? ...
Mitochondria
... Mitochondrial energy production Three major steps in oxidative phosphorylation 1) Production of reducing equivalents (NADH, FADH2) from glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and the citric acid cycle 2) Electron transport and generation of proton motive force 3) Phosphorylation - Synthesis of ATP, driv ...
... Mitochondrial energy production Three major steps in oxidative phosphorylation 1) Production of reducing equivalents (NADH, FADH2) from glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and the citric acid cycle 2) Electron transport and generation of proton motive force 3) Phosphorylation - Synthesis of ATP, driv ...
Mitochondria
... Mitochondrial energy production Three major steps in oxidative phosphorylation 1) Production of reducing equivalents (NADH, FADH2) from glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and the citric acid cycle 2) Electron transport and generation of proton motive force 3) Phosphorylation - Synthesis of ATP, driv ...
... Mitochondrial energy production Three major steps in oxidative phosphorylation 1) Production of reducing equivalents (NADH, FADH2) from glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and the citric acid cycle 2) Electron transport and generation of proton motive force 3) Phosphorylation - Synthesis of ATP, driv ...
1.Oxidative phosphorylation
... complex that is required in all reactions in which ATP participates, including its synthesis. A magnesium deficiency impairs virtually all of metabolism, because ATP can neither be made nor utilized in adequate amounts ...
... complex that is required in all reactions in which ATP participates, including its synthesis. A magnesium deficiency impairs virtually all of metabolism, because ATP can neither be made nor utilized in adequate amounts ...
Chapter 17
... 16. Cytochrome c oxidase receives four consecutive reduced cytochrome c2+ molecules and concomitant four-electron reduction of one O2 molecule to 2H2O. - Electron flow: Cytochrome c → CuA → Heme a → Heme a3-CuB binuclear complex - O2 molecule binds between Fe of heme a3 and Cu of CuB, and is reduced ...
... 16. Cytochrome c oxidase receives four consecutive reduced cytochrome c2+ molecules and concomitant four-electron reduction of one O2 molecule to 2H2O. - Electron flow: Cytochrome c → CuA → Heme a → Heme a3-CuB binuclear complex - O2 molecule binds between Fe of heme a3 and Cu of CuB, and is reduced ...
PowerPoint 프레젠테이션
... usually flow through the electron transport chain to O2 unless ADP is simultaneously phosphorylated to ATP. • Level of ADP: the most important factor to determine rate of oxidative ...
... usually flow through the electron transport chain to O2 unless ADP is simultaneously phosphorylated to ATP. • Level of ADP: the most important factor to determine rate of oxidative ...
Chapter 14 Oxidative Phosphorylation Prokaryotes are bacteria
... Part 1: Electron Flow High G electrons from glycolysis, TCA cycle, AA, and fatty acid oxidation are funneled into universal electron carriers: NADH / NADPH / FADH2 The e- are then transferred to a chain of e- carriers in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. This is called the respiratory chain. ...
... Part 1: Electron Flow High G electrons from glycolysis, TCA cycle, AA, and fatty acid oxidation are funneled into universal electron carriers: NADH / NADPH / FADH2 The e- are then transferred to a chain of e- carriers in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. This is called the respiratory chain. ...
Jeopardy Review Enzyme/Energetics
... and pumping of H+ to produce a gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP through ATP synthase complexes embedded in the membrane ...
... and pumping of H+ to produce a gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP through ATP synthase complexes embedded in the membrane ...
Quiz8ch8.doc
... 10. ____________________ is the process in which hydrogen ions move down their concentration gradient through ATP-synthesizing enzymes. a. substrate level phosphorylation b. facilitated diffusion c. outer phosphorylation d. chemiosmosis ...
... 10. ____________________ is the process in which hydrogen ions move down their concentration gradient through ATP-synthesizing enzymes. a. substrate level phosphorylation b. facilitated diffusion c. outer phosphorylation d. chemiosmosis ...
File
... 7. When describing the cell’s membrane potential, the cell interior is : a. More positively charged than the exterior b. More negatively charged than the exterior c. Electrically neutral d. Continuously reversing its electrical charge e. Positively charged whenever the sodium-potassium pump is acti ...
... 7. When describing the cell’s membrane potential, the cell interior is : a. More positively charged than the exterior b. More negatively charged than the exterior c. Electrically neutral d. Continuously reversing its electrical charge e. Positively charged whenever the sodium-potassium pump is acti ...
An outline of glycolysis. Each of the 10 steps shown is catalyzed by
... stage of the breakdown of food molecules. In these cells, pyruvate formed at the end of glycolysis is rapidly transported into the mitochondria, completely oxidized to CO2 and H20. But for many anaerobic organisms, which do not use molecular oxygen and can grow and divide in its absence, glycolysis ...
... stage of the breakdown of food molecules. In these cells, pyruvate formed at the end of glycolysis is rapidly transported into the mitochondria, completely oxidized to CO2 and H20. But for many anaerobic organisms, which do not use molecular oxygen and can grow and divide in its absence, glycolysis ...
STUDY GUIDE FOR CELLULAR RESPIRATION Cellular
... Electrons are donated NADH and FADH2 pass through an electron transport chain ...
... Electrons are donated NADH and FADH2 pass through an electron transport chain ...
Bio 20-Cellular Respiration Assignment Part A
... a. ATP to FADH2 in the electron transport chain b. NADH to ATP in the electron transport chain c. Strong to progressively weaker electron acceptors in the electron transport chain d. Weak to progressively stronger electron acceptors in the electron transport chain 12. ATP is formed during energy tra ...
... a. ATP to FADH2 in the electron transport chain b. NADH to ATP in the electron transport chain c. Strong to progressively weaker electron acceptors in the electron transport chain d. Weak to progressively stronger electron acceptors in the electron transport chain 12. ATP is formed during energy tra ...
notes for cell resp - Fullfrontalanatomy.com
... 1. Pyruvate looses 2 hydrogen atoms (oxidized) and a carboxyl group that yields a two carbon acetyl group. Carbon dioxide is released 2. The acetyl group is linked to a coenzyme called coenzyme A (CoA) to form acetyl CoA. 3. Part of the energy from the oxidation is saved by the reduction of NAD+ to ...
... 1. Pyruvate looses 2 hydrogen atoms (oxidized) and a carboxyl group that yields a two carbon acetyl group. Carbon dioxide is released 2. The acetyl group is linked to a coenzyme called coenzyme A (CoA) to form acetyl CoA. 3. Part of the energy from the oxidation is saved by the reduction of NAD+ to ...
Document
... • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2. • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly. • What is its purpose then? ...
... • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2. • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly. • What is its purpose then? ...
Chapter 5 Quiz: Cellular respiration and fermentation Mark your
... It provides the cell with a mechanism to regenerate the oxidized form of electron carriers, allowing glycolysis to continue. ...
... It provides the cell with a mechanism to regenerate the oxidized form of electron carriers, allowing glycolysis to continue. ...
18_Energy metabolism. Biological oxidation. Chemiosmotic theory
... Complex II (succinate-ubiquinon oxidoreductase) Transfers electrons from succinate to Co Q. Form 1 consist of: - enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (FAD – prosthetic group) - iron-sulfur clusters. Succinate reduces FAD to FADH2. Then electrons pass to Fe-S proteins which reduce Q to QH2 Form 2 and 3 co ...
... Complex II (succinate-ubiquinon oxidoreductase) Transfers electrons from succinate to Co Q. Form 1 consist of: - enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (FAD – prosthetic group) - iron-sulfur clusters. Succinate reduces FAD to FADH2. Then electrons pass to Fe-S proteins which reduce Q to QH2 Form 2 and 3 co ...
Name__________________________ 1. Which of these
... is performed only by organisms that are incapable of photosynthesis. breaks down food molecules to release stored energy. occurs before plants are able to carry out photosynthesis. occurs only in animals. ...
... is performed only by organisms that are incapable of photosynthesis. breaks down food molecules to release stored energy. occurs before plants are able to carry out photosynthesis. occurs only in animals. ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.