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Electron-Transport Chain and ATP production
... Electron-Transport Chain and ATP production Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane where NADH and FADH2 are oxidized back to NAD+ and FAD. They transfer their e- in a series of steps and ultimately to O2: O2 + 4e- + 4H+ → 2H2O The energy released in these e- transfers is used to pump H+ (protons ...
... Electron-Transport Chain and ATP production Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane where NADH and FADH2 are oxidized back to NAD+ and FAD. They transfer their e- in a series of steps and ultimately to O2: O2 + 4e- + 4H+ → 2H2O The energy released in these e- transfers is used to pump H+ (protons ...
Hughes respiration homework (2)
... Our bodies digest the food we eat by mixing it with fluids (acids and enzymes) in the stomach. When the stomach digests food, the carbohydrate (sugars and starches) in the food breaks down into another type of sugar, called glucose. Glucose has energy stored in its chemical bonds,these bonds are bro ...
... Our bodies digest the food we eat by mixing it with fluids (acids and enzymes) in the stomach. When the stomach digests food, the carbohydrate (sugars and starches) in the food breaks down into another type of sugar, called glucose. Glucose has energy stored in its chemical bonds,these bonds are bro ...
Metabolism_PartII Group work
... o The central metabolic pathways Glycolysis Pentose phosphate pathway Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and transition step o Aerobic respiration o Anaerobic respiration o Fermentation Part B: Now label on each diagram how the harvested energy is stored during each catabolic process. AT ...
... o The central metabolic pathways Glycolysis Pentose phosphate pathway Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and transition step o Aerobic respiration o Anaerobic respiration o Fermentation Part B: Now label on each diagram how the harvested energy is stored during each catabolic process. AT ...
Bioenergetics and Mitosis Review Sheet
... 7. Where does glycolysis take place in the cell? 8. Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic? 9. What happens to the pyruvates produced by glycolysis? 10. What are the products of the conversion from pyruvate to acetyl coA? 11. In the Kreb’s cycle is citric acid oxidized or reduced? 12. What are the produ ...
... 7. Where does glycolysis take place in the cell? 8. Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic? 9. What happens to the pyruvates produced by glycolysis? 10. What are the products of the conversion from pyruvate to acetyl coA? 11. In the Kreb’s cycle is citric acid oxidized or reduced? 12. What are the produ ...
CHM 365 Name: Exam 3 Do all of the following 21 questions
... d) the linkage of an input of energy to drive a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction. e) absolute requirement for ATP hydrolysis, no other energy source will work. ...
... d) the linkage of an input of energy to drive a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction. e) absolute requirement for ATP hydrolysis, no other energy source will work. ...
Biochem 462 - public.asu.edu
... I want you to determine the number of oxygen molecules (O2, not ½ O2) required for the complete oxidation of one 16 carbon fatty acid. Please do this in three steps (you need to explain your reasoning for full credit). If you cannot do one step, make an assumption and do the next one. a) Determine t ...
... I want you to determine the number of oxygen molecules (O2, not ½ O2) required for the complete oxidation of one 16 carbon fatty acid. Please do this in three steps (you need to explain your reasoning for full credit). If you cannot do one step, make an assumption and do the next one. a) Determine t ...
Exam 2 Practice #3
... 10. T or F Of all the energy available to a eukaryotic cell in a glucose molecule, most of this energy is captured through glycolysis. a. True b. False 11. How many ATP are generated per pyruvate molecule in citric acid cycle (Kreb’s Cycle)? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 6 e. None, all energy gain is in the fo ...
... 10. T or F Of all the energy available to a eukaryotic cell in a glucose molecule, most of this energy is captured through glycolysis. a. True b. False 11. How many ATP are generated per pyruvate molecule in citric acid cycle (Kreb’s Cycle)? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 6 e. None, all energy gain is in the fo ...
Formation of pyruvic acid (P
... 3-The cycle involves a sequence of compounds inter-related by oxidationreduction and other reactions which finally produces [CO2 and H2O]. 4- It is the final common pathway of breakdown or catabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. 5-Acetyl CoA derived mainly from oxidation of either glucose or ...
... 3-The cycle involves a sequence of compounds inter-related by oxidationreduction and other reactions which finally produces [CO2 and H2O]. 4- It is the final common pathway of breakdown or catabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. 5-Acetyl CoA derived mainly from oxidation of either glucose or ...
Citrátový cyklus a dýchací řetězec
... Figure was assumed from http://www.biocarta.com/pathfiles/h_etcPathway.asp ...
... Figure was assumed from http://www.biocarta.com/pathfiles/h_etcPathway.asp ...
Ans 518_class 4
... – Accumulation of glucose in blood triggers insulin release from pancreatic ß-cells; Insulin-receptor signaling induces the redistribution of GLUT4 from intracellular storage sites to the plasma membrane; once incorporated into the cell membrane, GLUT4 facilitates the passive diffusion of circulatin ...
... – Accumulation of glucose in blood triggers insulin release from pancreatic ß-cells; Insulin-receptor signaling induces the redistribution of GLUT4 from intracellular storage sites to the plasma membrane; once incorporated into the cell membrane, GLUT4 facilitates the passive diffusion of circulatin ...
Document
... Complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) Transfers electrons from NADH to Co Q (ubiquinone) Consist of: - enzyme NADH dehydrogenase (FMN - prosthetic group) - iron-sulfur clusters. NADH reduces FMN to FMNH2. Electrons from FMNH2 pass to a Fe-S clusters. Fe-S proteins convey electrons to ubiquinon ...
... Complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) Transfers electrons from NADH to Co Q (ubiquinone) Consist of: - enzyme NADH dehydrogenase (FMN - prosthetic group) - iron-sulfur clusters. NADH reduces FMN to FMNH2. Electrons from FMNH2 pass to a Fe-S clusters. Fe-S proteins convey electrons to ubiquinon ...
Cellular Respiration
... their arrangement of atoms Fats, CH2O protein can all be used as fuel . Traditionally, cellular respiration is studied using glucose as the source. There are 2 energy-providing (catabolic) pathways ...
... their arrangement of atoms Fats, CH2O protein can all be used as fuel . Traditionally, cellular respiration is studied using glucose as the source. There are 2 energy-providing (catabolic) pathways ...
Cellular Respiration
... Oxidation of Glucose • C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy Sugar is oxidized, oxygen is reduced – Electrons associated with hydrogen are a good source of energy as they fall to oxygen ...
... Oxidation of Glucose • C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy Sugar is oxidized, oxygen is reduced – Electrons associated with hydrogen are a good source of energy as they fall to oxygen ...
Cellular Respiration
... Electron Transport Chain • Oxidative phosphorylation – In inner mitochondrial membrane – Electrons are delivered by NADH – Electrons move down chain of proteins – H+ build up in mitochondrial intermembrane space due to movement of electrons ATP synthase is powered by H+ movement across membrane ...
... Electron Transport Chain • Oxidative phosphorylation – In inner mitochondrial membrane – Electrons are delivered by NADH – Electrons move down chain of proteins – H+ build up in mitochondrial intermembrane space due to movement of electrons ATP synthase is powered by H+ movement across membrane ...
File
... ATP Synthase Movement of H+ ions through ATP Synthase drives the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP Produces 26-28 molecules of ATP ...
... ATP Synthase Movement of H+ ions through ATP Synthase drives the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP Produces 26-28 molecules of ATP ...
Oxidative phosphorylation (1)
... named the electron transport chain, ECT (Respiratory chain). • As electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, they lose ...
... named the electron transport chain, ECT (Respiratory chain). • As electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, they lose ...
Exam 2 Key Fa08
... b) oxidative phosphorylation / substrate-level phosphorylation [Both processes produce ATP. OP produces ATP through use of an electron transport chain where oxygen is the final electron acceptor. Substrate-level phosphorylation is the production of ATP by transferring a phosphate group from a substr ...
... b) oxidative phosphorylation / substrate-level phosphorylation [Both processes produce ATP. OP produces ATP through use of an electron transport chain where oxygen is the final electron acceptor. Substrate-level phosphorylation is the production of ATP by transferring a phosphate group from a substr ...
Respiration, Chapter 8
... molecules ( NADH & FADH2) down to oxygen Chemiosmosis: energy coupling mechanism ATP synthase: produces ATP by using the H+ gradient (proton-motive force) pumped into the inner membrane space from the electron transport chain; this enzyme harnesses the flow of H+ back into the matrix to phosphorylat ...
... molecules ( NADH & FADH2) down to oxygen Chemiosmosis: energy coupling mechanism ATP synthase: produces ATP by using the H+ gradient (proton-motive force) pumped into the inner membrane space from the electron transport chain; this enzyme harnesses the flow of H+ back into the matrix to phosphorylat ...
Lecture 29
... true for a) Note changes in structure: between b-monomers – see big double-headed arrows at points of contact – see small arrows Binding of the O2 on one heme is more difficult but its binding causes a shift in the a1-b2 (& a2-b1) contacts and moves the distal His E7 and Val E11 out of the oxygen’s ...
... true for a) Note changes in structure: between b-monomers – see big double-headed arrows at points of contact – see small arrows Binding of the O2 on one heme is more difficult but its binding causes a shift in the a1-b2 (& a2-b1) contacts and moves the distal His E7 and Val E11 out of the oxygen’s ...
O 2
... Complex II (succinate-ubiquinon oxidoreductase) Transfers electrons from succinate to Co Q. Form 1 consist of: - enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (FAD – prosthetic group) - iron-sulfur clusters. Succinate reduces FAD to FADH2. Then electrons pass to Fe-S proteins which reduce Q to QH2 Form 2 and 3 co ...
... Complex II (succinate-ubiquinon oxidoreductase) Transfers electrons from succinate to Co Q. Form 1 consist of: - enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (FAD – prosthetic group) - iron-sulfur clusters. Succinate reduces FAD to FADH2. Then electrons pass to Fe-S proteins which reduce Q to QH2 Form 2 and 3 co ...
Metabolic pathways are
... 2. Many are conserved in different organisms. 3. Overall irreversible (but most of the individual steps are not) 4. Usually committed after the initial steps 5. Regulated. 6. Compartmentalized in eukaryotes Catabolism [degradative] – conversion of a diverse set of compounds to a small number of simp ...
... 2. Many are conserved in different organisms. 3. Overall irreversible (but most of the individual steps are not) 4. Usually committed after the initial steps 5. Regulated. 6. Compartmentalized in eukaryotes Catabolism [degradative] – conversion of a diverse set of compounds to a small number of simp ...
Cellular Respiration
... Takes place in the cristae of the mitochondria, in which electrons are passed from carrier to carrier Some carriers are cytochrome molecules(complex carbon rings with iron in the center) NADH and FADH2 carry the electrons through the system Each time the electrons are passed on, NADH gives up its el ...
... Takes place in the cristae of the mitochondria, in which electrons are passed from carrier to carrier Some carriers are cytochrome molecules(complex carbon rings with iron in the center) NADH and FADH2 carry the electrons through the system Each time the electrons are passed on, NADH gives up its el ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.