Ch9CellularRespiration
... • Application: Use of anaerobic cell respiration in yeasts to produce ethanol the reduction of hydrogen carriers, liberating carbon dioxide. and carbon dioxide in baking. • Transfer of electrons between carriers in the electron transport • Application: Lactate production in humans when anaerobic res ...
... • Application: Use of anaerobic cell respiration in yeasts to produce ethanol the reduction of hydrogen carriers, liberating carbon dioxide. and carbon dioxide in baking. • Transfer of electrons between carriers in the electron transport • Application: Lactate production in humans when anaerobic res ...
Riveting Respiration
... The only way for the H+ to get back in is through the enzyme ATP synthase ATP synthase is an enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane As H+ moves through the membrane, it allows ADP to be phosphorylated making ATP (ADP + Pi ATP). This is called Oxidative phosphorylation (using a redox rxn ...
... The only way for the H+ to get back in is through the enzyme ATP synthase ATP synthase is an enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane As H+ moves through the membrane, it allows ADP to be phosphorylated making ATP (ADP + Pi ATP). This is called Oxidative phosphorylation (using a redox rxn ...
Exam 3
... Section 3. Problems. 4 questions 10 points each. 31. (10pts) A molecule of glucose stored in glycogen can be catabolized to two molecules of lactate under anaerobic conditions in muscle. Fill in each box with the name or structure of the intermediates along this pathway. Then indicate every step th ...
... Section 3. Problems. 4 questions 10 points each. 31. (10pts) A molecule of glucose stored in glycogen can be catabolized to two molecules of lactate under anaerobic conditions in muscle. Fill in each box with the name or structure of the intermediates along this pathway. Then indicate every step th ...
Microbial physiology. Microbial metabolism. Enzymes. Nutrition
... 2 carbon acyl units where they enter the TCA cycle ...
... 2 carbon acyl units where they enter the TCA cycle ...
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best
... 27. The formation of ethanol from pyruvate is an example of A. an exergonic reaction B. providing an extra source of energy from glycolysis C. a fermentation process that takes place in the absence of oxygen. D. cellular respiration E. None of the above. 28. In plants, the final electron acceptor in ...
... 27. The formation of ethanol from pyruvate is an example of A. an exergonic reaction B. providing an extra source of energy from glycolysis C. a fermentation process that takes place in the absence of oxygen. D. cellular respiration E. None of the above. 28. In plants, the final electron acceptor in ...
Lecture #9
... • Membrane bound carriers transfer electrons (redox reactions) • Proton motive force (PMF) • Chemiosmosis ...
... • Membrane bound carriers transfer electrons (redox reactions) • Proton motive force (PMF) • Chemiosmosis ...
Homework 3-1 Reading Notes Campbell`s Chapter 9
... it needs. If there is a glut of certain amino acid, for example, the anabolic pathway that synthesizes the amino acid from an intermediate in the citric acid cycle is switched off. The most common mechanism for this control is __________________ ______________________. The _______ _______________ of ...
... it needs. If there is a glut of certain amino acid, for example, the anabolic pathway that synthesizes the amino acid from an intermediate in the citric acid cycle is switched off. The most common mechanism for this control is __________________ ______________________. The _______ _______________ of ...
A chemist has discovered a drug that blocks
... c. human cells must also perform glycolysis; the drug might also poison them d. this step in the pathway of glycolysis can be skipped in bacteria, but not in humans e. glycolysis can occur without the action of enzymes 3. How do you account for a situation in which a person can utilize only fatty ac ...
... c. human cells must also perform glycolysis; the drug might also poison them d. this step in the pathway of glycolysis can be skipped in bacteria, but not in humans e. glycolysis can occur without the action of enzymes 3. How do you account for a situation in which a person can utilize only fatty ac ...
Chapter 2 Biochemistry Practice test
... 11. What are the forces called that allow a gecko to climb up vertical surfaces? Vander Waal’s 12. What does the pH scale measure? Amount of H+ ions 13. Where are protons and neutrons found in an atom? Nucleus Where are electrons found in an atom? 14. In a glass of salt water, what is the solute? sa ...
... 11. What are the forces called that allow a gecko to climb up vertical surfaces? Vander Waal’s 12. What does the pH scale measure? Amount of H+ ions 13. Where are protons and neutrons found in an atom? Nucleus Where are electrons found in an atom? 14. In a glass of salt water, what is the solute? sa ...
ATP Synthase Dynamic
... currency" of cells from most organisms. It is formed from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and needs energy. The overall reaction sequence is: ATP synthase + ADP + Pi → ATP Synthase + ATP Energy is often released in the form of protium or H+, moving down an electrochemical g ...
... currency" of cells from most organisms. It is formed from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and needs energy. The overall reaction sequence is: ATP synthase + ADP + Pi → ATP Synthase + ATP Energy is often released in the form of protium or H+, moving down an electrochemical g ...
Cellular Respiration Releases Energy from Organic Compounds
... Pyruvate breaks down into CO2 and a 2 carbon group ...
... Pyruvate breaks down into CO2 and a 2 carbon group ...
Document
... 7. Name molecules can produce ATP(energy) other than sugars. What are the product names can be used as a energy and waste produce after producing ATP or energy source? Protein- Ketone acid(as a energy source), Urea (Waste), Fat – Keto bodies(as a energy source) 8. Name the pathway before an amino ac ...
... 7. Name molecules can produce ATP(energy) other than sugars. What are the product names can be used as a energy and waste produce after producing ATP or energy source? Protein- Ketone acid(as a energy source), Urea (Waste), Fat – Keto bodies(as a energy source) 8. Name the pathway before an amino ac ...
Photosynthesis
... Chemiosmotic Theory - Using the H ions (protons) in NADH and FADH2 to create a proton pump (pH gradient) in which channel proteins (ATP synthase) in the cristae generate energy to drive the formation of ATP’s by allowing the protons to flow back into the matrix from the cristae. The process in whic ...
... Chemiosmotic Theory - Using the H ions (protons) in NADH and FADH2 to create a proton pump (pH gradient) in which channel proteins (ATP synthase) in the cristae generate energy to drive the formation of ATP’s by allowing the protons to flow back into the matrix from the cristae. The process in whic ...
aerobic respiration
... down the chain, losing energy in several energy-releasing steps. Finally, electrons are passed to O₂, reducing it to H₂O. ...
... down the chain, losing energy in several energy-releasing steps. Finally, electrons are passed to O₂, reducing it to H₂O. ...
The Citric Acid Cycle
... Step 3: Oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate -The enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyzes the irreversible oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to form α-ketoglutarate and ...
... Step 3: Oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate -The enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyzes the irreversible oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to form α-ketoglutarate and ...
Ch9 Review Sheet - Canvas by Instructure
... 2. What are the waste products of cellular respiration? a. carbon dioxide and water b. ATP and ADP c. carbon dioxide and oxygen d. energy and glucose 3. What metabolic stage is part of both cellular respiration and fermentation? a. electron transport b. glycolysis c. Krebs cycle d. ATP synthase acti ...
... 2. What are the waste products of cellular respiration? a. carbon dioxide and water b. ATP and ADP c. carbon dioxide and oxygen d. energy and glucose 3. What metabolic stage is part of both cellular respiration and fermentation? a. electron transport b. glycolysis c. Krebs cycle d. ATP synthase acti ...
BCOR 011 Exam 2, 2004
... 27. The formation of ethanol from pyruvate is an example of A. an exergonic reaction B. providing an extra source of energy from glycolysis C. a fermentation process that takes place in the absence of oxygen. D. cellular respiration E. None of the above. 28. In plants, the final electron acceptor in ...
... 27. The formation of ethanol from pyruvate is an example of A. an exergonic reaction B. providing an extra source of energy from glycolysis C. a fermentation process that takes place in the absence of oxygen. D. cellular respiration E. None of the above. 28. In plants, the final electron acceptor in ...
(light) reactions
... • serial carrier molecules that are oxidized and reduced as electrons are passed down the chain • released energy can be used to produce ATP by chemiosmosis ...
... • serial carrier molecules that are oxidized and reduced as electrons are passed down the chain • released energy can be used to produce ATP by chemiosmosis ...
Citric acid cycle • What are the functions of Citric Acid Cycle?
... 1. Complex I (Integral membrane protein, transfers protons) 2. CoQ (quinone, transfers electrons between complex I and complex III) 3. Complex III (Integral membrane protein, transfers protons) 4. Cytochrome c (protein, transports electrons between complex III and complex IV) 5 Complex IV (Integral ...
... 1. Complex I (Integral membrane protein, transfers protons) 2. CoQ (quinone, transfers electrons between complex I and complex III) 3. Complex III (Integral membrane protein, transfers protons) 4. Cytochrome c (protein, transports electrons between complex III and complex IV) 5 Complex IV (Integral ...
Modern Biology (I) First Midterm (10/24/2007)
... When an amphipathic compound is mixed with water ______. a. each individual molecule is surrounded by a layer of water molecules b. the hydrophobic parts associate with water and the hydrophilic parts remain together c. the hydrophilic parts associate with water and the hydrophobic parts remain toge ...
... When an amphipathic compound is mixed with water ______. a. each individual molecule is surrounded by a layer of water molecules b. the hydrophobic parts associate with water and the hydrophilic parts remain together c. the hydrophilic parts associate with water and the hydrophobic parts remain toge ...
Lecture Resource ()
... In each of these transformations, one of the bonds to the a-carbon of the amino acid substrate is broken in the first step of the reaction ...
... In each of these transformations, one of the bonds to the a-carbon of the amino acid substrate is broken in the first step of the reaction ...
21.8 The Citric Acid Cycle
... electron transport– ATP synthesis reactions. • In these and other oxygen-consuming redox reactions, the product may not be water, but one or more of three highly reactive species. • The superoxide ion, ·O2- , and the hydroxyl free radical, ·OH, can grab an electron from a bond in another molecule, w ...
... electron transport– ATP synthesis reactions. • In these and other oxygen-consuming redox reactions, the product may not be water, but one or more of three highly reactive species. • The superoxide ion, ·O2- , and the hydroxyl free radical, ·OH, can grab an electron from a bond in another molecule, w ...
Solutions - MIT OpenCourseWare
... BPG is at a higher energy level than 3PG. You can infer this because BPG has two phosphate groups as compare to 3PG, which has one phosphate group. Also, the conversion of BPG into 3PG drives the synthesis of ATP. d) The enzyme triose phosphate isomerase, catalyzes step 5. In this step Dihydroxyacet ...
... BPG is at a higher energy level than 3PG. You can infer this because BPG has two phosphate groups as compare to 3PG, which has one phosphate group. Also, the conversion of BPG into 3PG drives the synthesis of ATP. d) The enzyme triose phosphate isomerase, catalyzes step 5. In this step Dihydroxyacet ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.