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Honors Guided Notes
... – Produces burning feeling in muscle cells – Occurs when body is worked to the point that more oxygen is being used than taken in – Produces __________________________________________________________ ...
... – Produces burning feeling in muscle cells – Occurs when body is worked to the point that more oxygen is being used than taken in – Produces __________________________________________________________ ...
D. Transfer of activated acetaldehyde to
... A. Electrons travel in pairs until they reach complex IV B. Rotenone blocks passage of electrons through complex III C. Oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor D. Complexes I, III, and IV all pump protons as electrons pass through them. 4. With respect to the transport systems across the lipid bila ...
... A. Electrons travel in pairs until they reach complex IV B. Rotenone blocks passage of electrons through complex III C. Oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor D. Complexes I, III, and IV all pump protons as electrons pass through them. 4. With respect to the transport systems across the lipid bila ...
Second test - rci.rutgers.edu
... The ATP yield, after oxidative phosphorylation, for oxidation of pyruvate from to CO2 in respiring mitochondria is A. 2 D. 12.5 B. 5 E. 30 C. 10 Compared with cytochromes, iron sulfur clusters are A. higher in energy, evolutionarily older B. higher in energy, evolutionarily younger C. lower in energ ...
... The ATP yield, after oxidative phosphorylation, for oxidation of pyruvate from to CO2 in respiring mitochondria is A. 2 D. 12.5 B. 5 E. 30 C. 10 Compared with cytochromes, iron sulfur clusters are A. higher in energy, evolutionarily older B. higher in energy, evolutionarily younger C. lower in energ ...
Energy and Metabolism
... (2) rearranges the bonds in glucose molecules, releasing free energy to form ATP from ADP through substrate-level phosphorylation resulting in the production of pyruvate. c. Kreb’s cycle (1) occurs in mitochondrial matrix (2) also called the citric acid cycle (3) occurs twice per molecule of glucose ...
... (2) rearranges the bonds in glucose molecules, releasing free energy to form ATP from ADP through substrate-level phosphorylation resulting in the production of pyruvate. c. Kreb’s cycle (1) occurs in mitochondrial matrix (2) also called the citric acid cycle (3) occurs twice per molecule of glucose ...
Chapter 9
... • During glycolysis, ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation—by direct enzymatic transfer of a phosphate to ADP. Only a small amount of ATP is produced this way. • The enzyme that catalyzes the third step, phosphofructokinase (PFK), is an allosteric enzyme. It inhibits glycolysis when the ...
... • During glycolysis, ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation—by direct enzymatic transfer of a phosphate to ADP. Only a small amount of ATP is produced this way. • The enzyme that catalyzes the third step, phosphofructokinase (PFK), is an allosteric enzyme. It inhibits glycolysis when the ...
Chapter 7
... Electron transport chain (ETC): a series of membrane-bound electron carriers -embedded in mitochondrial inner membrane -electrons from NADH & FADH2 transferred to complexes of ETC -each complex transfers electrons to next complex in chain ...
... Electron transport chain (ETC): a series of membrane-bound electron carriers -embedded in mitochondrial inner membrane -electrons from NADH & FADH2 transferred to complexes of ETC -each complex transfers electrons to next complex in chain ...
Must-Knows: Unit 4 (Cellular Respiration) Ms. Ottolini, AP Biology
... 10. Define “proton motive force.” How is this used during the electron transport chain? The proton motive force is the electrochemical / concentration gradient created by pumping H+ ions from the matrix to the intermembrane space. As a result of this force, H+ “wants” to flow back down its gradient ...
... 10. Define “proton motive force.” How is this used during the electron transport chain? The proton motive force is the electrochemical / concentration gradient created by pumping H+ ions from the matrix to the intermembrane space. As a result of this force, H+ “wants” to flow back down its gradient ...
Cell Energyrespiration
... during aerobic respiration. •Electron Transport Chain During aerobic respiration, large amounts of ATP are made in an electron transport chain. ...
... during aerobic respiration. •Electron Transport Chain During aerobic respiration, large amounts of ATP are made in an electron transport chain. ...
Chapter 2 Chemistry Test Review
... 11. What are the forces called that allow a gecko to climb up vertical surfaces? Vander Waal’s 12. What does the pH scale measure? Amount of H+ ions 13. Where are protons and neutrons found in an atom? Nucleus Where are electrons found in an atom? 14. In a glass of salt water, what is the solute? sa ...
... 11. What are the forces called that allow a gecko to climb up vertical surfaces? Vander Waal’s 12. What does the pH scale measure? Amount of H+ ions 13. Where are protons and neutrons found in an atom? Nucleus Where are electrons found in an atom? 14. In a glass of salt water, what is the solute? sa ...
Biological Oxidation
... Two molecules of the reduced form of cytochrome c pass their electrons to a copper-heme a complex and then to a copper-heme a3 group. This last group is responsible for the reduction of oxygen to produce water in a multi-step reaction which uses four electrons and four protons for each molecule of o ...
... Two molecules of the reduced form of cytochrome c pass their electrons to a copper-heme a complex and then to a copper-heme a3 group. This last group is responsible for the reduction of oxygen to produce water in a multi-step reaction which uses four electrons and four protons for each molecule of o ...
Chapter 5: Self Test
... b. The cells will utilize oxygen more rapidly. c. The rate of the Krebs cycle reactions will increase. d. Electron transport will increase. e. The rate of fermentation will increase. 7. When oxygen is present, a. most cells utilize aerobic cellular respiration. b. most animal cells will carry on fer ...
... b. The cells will utilize oxygen more rapidly. c. The rate of the Krebs cycle reactions will increase. d. Electron transport will increase. e. The rate of fermentation will increase. 7. When oxygen is present, a. most cells utilize aerobic cellular respiration. b. most animal cells will carry on fer ...
050907
... pairs are -0.32 V and -0.19 V, respectively (a) What are the oxidizing/reducing agents in the redox ...
... pairs are -0.32 V and -0.19 V, respectively (a) What are the oxidizing/reducing agents in the redox ...
Cellular Respiration - Mrs. Brenner`s Biology
... food is converted into usable ATP • The rest of that potential energy is given off as heat. • A good analogy is the gasoline in a car engine. The car uses the gasoline to power the pistons but only some of the potential energy is used to make the car move. Much of the energy is given off as heat! ...
... food is converted into usable ATP • The rest of that potential energy is given off as heat. • A good analogy is the gasoline in a car engine. The car uses the gasoline to power the pistons but only some of the potential energy is used to make the car move. Much of the energy is given off as heat! ...
6O2 + C6H12O6 ------------------------
... a. The breakdown of _______________ (chemical energy from food) to form ________ for energy use in cells. b. ________________ is the type of energy used by cells to drive reactions in the body. c. The equation: **MEMORIZE THIS! ...
... a. The breakdown of _______________ (chemical energy from food) to form ________ for energy use in cells. b. ________________ is the type of energy used by cells to drive reactions in the body. c. The equation: **MEMORIZE THIS! ...
Cellular respiration - how cells make energy Oxygen is needed for
... At each step in the chain, a little energy is released that can be used by the cell. Oxygen is what ultimately pulls on these electrons and powers the chain. If all the energy were released at once, it would be explosive. NADH is recycled. So how do we actually go from sugar to ATP? Three main steps ...
... At each step in the chain, a little energy is released that can be used by the cell. Oxygen is what ultimately pulls on these electrons and powers the chain. If all the energy were released at once, it would be explosive. NADH is recycled. So how do we actually go from sugar to ATP? Three main steps ...
Study Guide for cell structure, membrane transport
... Be able to describe the function and structure of organelles listed in Chapter 2.1. Differentiate between animal and plant cells Differentiate between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Questions to try: p. 63 #1-6; p. 67 #13-18; p. 70 #19-24; p. 71 #1, 4, 6-11 ...
... Be able to describe the function and structure of organelles listed in Chapter 2.1. Differentiate between animal and plant cells Differentiate between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Questions to try: p. 63 #1-6; p. 67 #13-18; p. 70 #19-24; p. 71 #1, 4, 6-11 ...
Midterm Exam Key
... 21) __E___ membrane lipid found only in animal cells 22) __V___ this is the last of the respiratory enzyme complexes that accepts electrons 23) __I___ this enzyme phosphorylates glucose 24) __H__ membranes containing this molecule will be more fluid than membranes which do not contain this molecule ...
... 21) __E___ membrane lipid found only in animal cells 22) __V___ this is the last of the respiratory enzyme complexes that accepts electrons 23) __I___ this enzyme phosphorylates glucose 24) __H__ membranes containing this molecule will be more fluid than membranes which do not contain this molecule ...
Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration
... x Proton/Oxygen (P/O) ratios moles of ATP per atom of O2 utilised (aerobes) also relates to moles of ATP per 2 protons excreted by ETC depends on stage at which protons/electrons enter ETC often P/O ratio = 3 (aerobes) but may only be 1 - 2 in strict anaerobes and facultative anaerobes ...
... x Proton/Oxygen (P/O) ratios moles of ATP per atom of O2 utilised (aerobes) also relates to moles of ATP per 2 protons excreted by ETC depends on stage at which protons/electrons enter ETC often P/O ratio = 3 (aerobes) but may only be 1 - 2 in strict anaerobes and facultative anaerobes ...
Study Guide for Test on Energy, Enzymes, Cell structure and
... Differentiate between passive and active transport Define what a concentration gradient is Describe diffusion and osmosis Differentiate between hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic solutions Passive transport by facilitated diffusion – explain the role of channel and carrier proteins Differentiate betwee ...
... Differentiate between passive and active transport Define what a concentration gradient is Describe diffusion and osmosis Differentiate between hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic solutions Passive transport by facilitated diffusion – explain the role of channel and carrier proteins Differentiate betwee ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.