21.8 The Citric Acid Cycle
... transport– ATP synthesis reactions. • In these and other oxygen-consuming redox reactions, the product may not be water, but one or more of three highly reactive species. • The superoxide ion, ·O2- , and the hydroxyl free radical, ·OH, can grab an electron from a bond in another molecule, which resu ...
... transport– ATP synthesis reactions. • In these and other oxygen-consuming redox reactions, the product may not be water, but one or more of three highly reactive species. • The superoxide ion, ·O2- , and the hydroxyl free radical, ·OH, can grab an electron from a bond in another molecule, which resu ...
Cellular Respiration www.AssignmentPoint.com Cellular respiration
... The potential of NADH and FADH2 is converted to more ATP through an electron transport chain with oxygen as the "terminal electron acceptor". Most of the ATP produced by aerobic cellular respiration is made by oxidative phosphorylation. This works by the energy released in the consumption of pyruvat ...
... The potential of NADH and FADH2 is converted to more ATP through an electron transport chain with oxygen as the "terminal electron acceptor". Most of the ATP produced by aerobic cellular respiration is made by oxidative phosphorylation. This works by the energy released in the consumption of pyruvat ...
14) Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for
... 38) A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? A) It will have no unfavorable effec ...
... 38) A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? A) It will have no unfavorable effec ...
irm_ch23
... to FeSP). c. Cyt b is associated with protein complex III; cyt b receives electrons from FeSP and transfers them to another FeSP. d. Cyt a is associated with protein complex IV; cyt c (carrying electrons from complex III) transfers electrons to cyt a, which in turn transfers electrons to cyt a3. 23. ...
... to FeSP). c. Cyt b is associated with protein complex III; cyt b receives electrons from FeSP and transfers them to another FeSP. d. Cyt a is associated with protein complex IV; cyt c (carrying electrons from complex III) transfers electrons to cyt a, which in turn transfers electrons to cyt a3. 23. ...
I. Cellular Respiration – complex process in which cells make ATP
... 2. Electron Transport Chain – second stage of aerobic respiration a) takes place in inner membrane of mitochondria, ATP is produced by the electron transport chain when NADH & FADH2 release H atoms regenerating NAD+ & FAD b) this causes high energy levels of the electrons in the H atoms c) the elect ...
... 2. Electron Transport Chain – second stage of aerobic respiration a) takes place in inner membrane of mitochondria, ATP is produced by the electron transport chain when NADH & FADH2 release H atoms regenerating NAD+ & FAD b) this causes high energy levels of the electrons in the H atoms c) the elect ...
Aerobic organisms obtain energy from oxidation of food molecules
... Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation take place at the inner mitochondrial membrane ...
... Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation take place at the inner mitochondrial membrane ...
Lecture Power Point
... •Electrons are also transferred to the electron acceptor FAD, forming FADH2. •At the end of each cycle, the fourcarbon ...
... •Electrons are also transferred to the electron acceptor FAD, forming FADH2. •At the end of each cycle, the fourcarbon ...
respir532
... potential energy that is harnessed to make ATP. As H+ ions escape through ion channels ATP SYNTHASE back into the matrix, ________________ spins and adds a phosphate to ADP to ATP form _______ ...
... potential energy that is harnessed to make ATP. As H+ ions escape through ion channels ATP SYNTHASE back into the matrix, ________________ spins and adds a phosphate to ADP to ATP form _______ ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... • Cells manage energy in the form of chemical reactions that make or break bonds and transfer electrons • Endergonic reactions – consume energy • Exergonic reactions – release energy • Energy present in chemical bonds of nutrients are trapped by specialized enzyme systems as the bonds of the nutrien ...
... • Cells manage energy in the form of chemical reactions that make or break bonds and transfer electrons • Endergonic reactions – consume energy • Exergonic reactions – release energy • Energy present in chemical bonds of nutrients are trapped by specialized enzyme systems as the bonds of the nutrien ...
CONCEPT 3 – ENERGY AND METABOLISM 1. Energy a
... (2) rearranges the bonds in glucose molecules, releasing free energy to form ATP from ADP through substrate-level phosphorylation resulting in the production of pyruvate. c. Kreb’s cycle (1) occurs in mitochondrial matrix (2) also called the citric acid cycle (3) occurs twice per molecule of glucose ...
... (2) rearranges the bonds in glucose molecules, releasing free energy to form ATP from ADP through substrate-level phosphorylation resulting in the production of pyruvate. c. Kreb’s cycle (1) occurs in mitochondrial matrix (2) also called the citric acid cycle (3) occurs twice per molecule of glucose ...
Handout
... Krebs Cycle – runs once for each pyruvic acid each glucose broken produces two pyruvic acids so we can run Krebs twice. The NADH and FADH2 will be used in the next step to recover many ATPs ...
... Krebs Cycle – runs once for each pyruvic acid each glucose broken produces two pyruvic acids so we can run Krebs twice. The NADH and FADH2 will be used in the next step to recover many ATPs ...
Bio 20 – Cellular Respiration Quiz
... 10. As electrons are transported along the electron transport chain in cellular respiration, a) b) c) d) ...
... 10. As electrons are transported along the electron transport chain in cellular respiration, a) b) c) d) ...
How energy
... Two kinds of energy source in living system: 1, ATP: hydrolysis of “high energy bond” to generate energy 2, redox reaction: electron transfer - electron donor (H2, H2S, NADH etc.) - electron acceptor (Oxygen, S) - energy released during the electron transfer. ...
... Two kinds of energy source in living system: 1, ATP: hydrolysis of “high energy bond” to generate energy 2, redox reaction: electron transfer - electron donor (H2, H2S, NADH etc.) - electron acceptor (Oxygen, S) - energy released during the electron transfer. ...
D-Glucose is a carbohydrate which can be classified as which of the
... 15C. Gluconeogenesis synthesizes a molecule of glucose using two molecules of pyruvate. Considering that this is the reverse of glycolysis, how is it possible for gluconeogenesis to also be a spontaneous process? (3 points) Only seven of the ten steps are the same. Three steps in gluconeogenesis are ...
... 15C. Gluconeogenesis synthesizes a molecule of glucose using two molecules of pyruvate. Considering that this is the reverse of glycolysis, how is it possible for gluconeogenesis to also be a spontaneous process? (3 points) Only seven of the ten steps are the same. Three steps in gluconeogenesis are ...
B. Basic Concepts of Metabolism
... NAD(oxidized) + H+ + Pair of electrons NADH(reduced) FAD(oxidized) + H+ + Pair of electrons FADH(reduced) NAD and FAD are present only in small (catalytic) amounts – they cannot serve as the final electron acceptor, but must be regenerated (reoxidized) in order for metabolism to continue ...
... NAD(oxidized) + H+ + Pair of electrons NADH(reduced) FAD(oxidized) + H+ + Pair of electrons FADH(reduced) NAD and FAD are present only in small (catalytic) amounts – they cannot serve as the final electron acceptor, but must be regenerated (reoxidized) in order for metabolism to continue ...
Cellular Respiration Name: Period: ______ Date: 1. Define cellular
... 33. What is the function of the electron transport chain? ___________________________________________________ 34. Where is the electron transport chain located in eukaryotes? _____________________________________________ 35. Where is the electron transport chain located in prokaryotes? _____________ ...
... 33. What is the function of the electron transport chain? ___________________________________________________ 34. Where is the electron transport chain located in eukaryotes? _____________________________________________ 35. Where is the electron transport chain located in prokaryotes? _____________ ...
Cellular Respiration
... 3. Citric Acid goes through a cycle where CO2 and electron carriers are formed. 4. The 2 original pyruvic acid molecules are completely broken down into CO2 ...
... 3. Citric Acid goes through a cycle where CO2 and electron carriers are formed. 4. The 2 original pyruvic acid molecules are completely broken down into CO2 ...
Prescott`s Microbiology, 9th Edition Chapter 22 –The Proteobacteria
... The ribulose monophosphate pathway consumes one ATP to generate the 3C molecule G3P. The serine pathway consumes two ATP and oxidizes two NADH to generate the 2C molecule acetyl-CoA. Therefore, the serine pathway uses up reducing power while the ribulose does not. Figure 22.28 Do you think a Gram-po ...
... The ribulose monophosphate pathway consumes one ATP to generate the 3C molecule G3P. The serine pathway consumes two ATP and oxidizes two NADH to generate the 2C molecule acetyl-CoA. Therefore, the serine pathway uses up reducing power while the ribulose does not. Figure 22.28 Do you think a Gram-po ...
doc 3.5.2 respiration notes Student notes for section 3.5.2
... is the process by which the reduced coenzymes are oxidised and most of the ATP is synthesised. The production of ATP by the electron transport chain is referred to as oxidative phosphorylation. First hydrogen atoms and later electrons are transferred from substance to substance, along the respirator ...
... is the process by which the reduced coenzymes are oxidised and most of the ATP is synthesised. The production of ATP by the electron transport chain is referred to as oxidative phosphorylation. First hydrogen atoms and later electrons are transferred from substance to substance, along the respirator ...
BIOMOLECULES UNIT 3 Chemistry Review: Atoms
... 15% of total body mass is protein, every function you perform requires protein. Over 10,000 different proteins involved with structure, transport, communication, cell growth. Also involved with speeding up chemical reactions. Enzymes: Protein used to lower activation energy. Are catalysts- lower act ...
... 15% of total body mass is protein, every function you perform requires protein. Over 10,000 different proteins involved with structure, transport, communication, cell growth. Also involved with speeding up chemical reactions. Enzymes: Protein used to lower activation energy. Are catalysts- lower act ...
Exam 2 for Review - philipdarrenjones.com
... 38) A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? A) It will have no unfavorable effec ...
... 38) A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? A) It will have no unfavorable effec ...
Mock Exam 2 1. Which of the following s
... b. To produce NAD+ in order to continue glycolysis c. To produce NADH in order to continue glycolysis d. To prevent further increases in oxygen debt If an enzyme solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain an even faster yield of products is to a. Add more of the enzyme b. ...
... b. To produce NAD+ in order to continue glycolysis c. To produce NADH in order to continue glycolysis d. To prevent further increases in oxygen debt If an enzyme solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain an even faster yield of products is to a. Add more of the enzyme b. ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.