ETC Details
... • Intermediaries of all cycles can be removed and used to build molecules! • Ex. pyruvate glucose • Acetyl CoA fatty acids ...
... • Intermediaries of all cycles can be removed and used to build molecules! • Ex. pyruvate glucose • Acetyl CoA fatty acids ...
Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food
... As high energy electrons move down the chain, they become less energetic Some of the energy from the electrons is used to pump protons across the membrane setting up a concentration gradient - potential energy As the protons move down their concentration gradient through the ATP synthase complexes, ...
... As high energy electrons move down the chain, they become less energetic Some of the energy from the electrons is used to pump protons across the membrane setting up a concentration gradient - potential energy As the protons move down their concentration gradient through the ATP synthase complexes, ...
Prof. Kamakaka`s Lecture 10 Notes
... Hydrolysis of ATP has a high negative DG- -30.5kJ/mol. This means that ATP has a strong tendency to transfer terminal phosphate to water. ATP hydrolysis in water only produces heat In cells ATP hydrolysis involves covalent participation of ATP. ATP provides energy by grp transfer (Substrate Level Ph ...
... Hydrolysis of ATP has a high negative DG- -30.5kJ/mol. This means that ATP has a strong tendency to transfer terminal phosphate to water. ATP hydrolysis in water only produces heat In cells ATP hydrolysis involves covalent participation of ATP. ATP provides energy by grp transfer (Substrate Level Ph ...
Macronutrients
... cycle enter the ETC As the electrons move across a series of complexes in the membrane, hydrogen ions are pumped across the inner membrane (from matrix intermembrane space) At the end of the “chain” the electrons bond with hydrogen atoms & oxygen to form water ...
... cycle enter the ETC As the electrons move across a series of complexes in the membrane, hydrogen ions are pumped across the inner membrane (from matrix intermembrane space) At the end of the “chain” the electrons bond with hydrogen atoms & oxygen to form water ...
The Four Major Methods of Producing ATP
... produced in chloroplasts (for plants), or in mitochondria (for both plants and animals). No means of producing ATP exists that is intermediate between these four basic methods and no transitional forms have ever been found that bridge the gap between these four different forms of ATP production. The ...
... produced in chloroplasts (for plants), or in mitochondria (for both plants and animals). No means of producing ATP exists that is intermediate between these four basic methods and no transitional forms have ever been found that bridge the gap between these four different forms of ATP production. The ...
Cellular Respiration
... donated to NAD+ to form NADH Remaining two-carbon fragment of pyruvate is joined to a cofactor called coenzyme A (CoA) Final compound called acetyl-CoA ...
... donated to NAD+ to form NADH Remaining two-carbon fragment of pyruvate is joined to a cofactor called coenzyme A (CoA) Final compound called acetyl-CoA ...
Cell Respiration PP
... proteins found in the folds of the cristae (electron transport chain). • H+ are pumped into and build up in the intermembrane space and will eventually flow across ATP synthase to generate ATP. • Oxygen is the “final electron acceptor”. It will “grab” the electrons and H+ to forms water, a harmless ...
... proteins found in the folds of the cristae (electron transport chain). • H+ are pumped into and build up in the intermembrane space and will eventually flow across ATP synthase to generate ATP. • Oxygen is the “final electron acceptor”. It will “grab” the electrons and H+ to forms water, a harmless ...
Cell Respiration Basics
... • 4) 4C acid is “rearranged” 1ATP, and FADH2 is formed. • 5) 4C acid becomes oxaloacetate, and NADH is formed, The oxaloacetate is involved in a series of reactions and the cycle begins again. Since each molecule of C6H12O6 produces 2 pyruvic acid molecules in glycolysis, the Krebs ...
... • 4) 4C acid is “rearranged” 1ATP, and FADH2 is formed. • 5) 4C acid becomes oxaloacetate, and NADH is formed, The oxaloacetate is involved in a series of reactions and the cycle begins again. Since each molecule of C6H12O6 produces 2 pyruvic acid molecules in glycolysis, the Krebs ...
Document
... 5. The energy of activation of a chemical reaction a. increases when enzymes are present ...
... 5. The energy of activation of a chemical reaction a. increases when enzymes are present ...
Respiration
... Consists of carriers that pass electrons. Electrons pass from higher to lower energy states, energy is released and stored for ATP production. Electrons that enter the electron transport system are carried by NADH and FADH2 NADH gives up electrons, becoming NAD+ System accounts for 32 to 3 ...
... Consists of carriers that pass electrons. Electrons pass from higher to lower energy states, energy is released and stored for ATP production. Electrons that enter the electron transport system are carried by NADH and FADH2 NADH gives up electrons, becoming NAD+ System accounts for 32 to 3 ...
Chapter 2-1 The Nature of Matter
... a. substrates – reactants of enzymecatalyzed reactions b. active site – where substrates bind to enzyme (lock and key) • Catalase. It catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. • 2H2O2 -> 2H2O + O2 • One molecule of catalase can break 40 million molecules of hydrogen per ...
... a. substrates – reactants of enzymecatalyzed reactions b. active site – where substrates bind to enzyme (lock and key) • Catalase. It catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. • 2H2O2 -> 2H2O + O2 • One molecule of catalase can break 40 million molecules of hydrogen per ...
The Basics of Cellular Respiration
... • 4) 4C acid is “rearranged” 1ATP, and FADH2 is formed. • 5) 4C acid becomes oxaloacetate, and NADH is formed, The oxaloacetate is involved in a series of reactions and the cycle begins again. Since each molecule of C6H12O6 produces 2 pyruvic acid molecules in glycolysis, the Krebs ...
... • 4) 4C acid is “rearranged” 1ATP, and FADH2 is formed. • 5) 4C acid becomes oxaloacetate, and NADH is formed, The oxaloacetate is involved in a series of reactions and the cycle begins again. Since each molecule of C6H12O6 produces 2 pyruvic acid molecules in glycolysis, the Krebs ...
Ch 8 Photosynthesis
... H+ ions cannot directly cross membane ATP synthase that allows H+ ions to pass through Causes it to rotate and bind ADP and a phosphate. Protein ...
... H+ ions cannot directly cross membane ATP synthase that allows H+ ions to pass through Causes it to rotate and bind ADP and a phosphate. Protein ...
Samples Ch 10 to 12.tst
... 17) Molecular collisions in a reaction are necessary for a reaction to take place because: A) the collisions of rapidly moving molecules provide energy B) the reactant molecules must directly interact with each other to produce product C) the number of collisions D) all of the above ...
... 17) Molecular collisions in a reaction are necessary for a reaction to take place because: A) the collisions of rapidly moving molecules provide energy B) the reactant molecules must directly interact with each other to produce product C) the number of collisions D) all of the above ...
Metabolic Processes Unit
... Energy of reactions (What kind of reactions are spontaneous at all temperatures?) ...
... Energy of reactions (What kind of reactions are spontaneous at all temperatures?) ...
L23 HH Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle e
... • Is the enzyme which generate ATP from H+ ions moving from outside the membrane back into the matrix of the mitochondria. • The flow of H+ ions , causes part of ATP synthase to rotate(kinetic energy) which catalyses the synthesis of ATP from ADP +Pi ...
... • Is the enzyme which generate ATP from H+ ions moving from outside the membrane back into the matrix of the mitochondria. • The flow of H+ ions , causes part of ATP synthase to rotate(kinetic energy) which catalyses the synthesis of ATP from ADP +Pi ...
Glycolysis - MrOwdijWiki
... • The loss of electrons from one substance is called oxidation • The addition of electrons to another substance is reduction ...
... • The loss of electrons from one substance is called oxidation • The addition of electrons to another substance is reduction ...
Document
... In the process of respiration, energy stored in organic food molecules is transferred to the molecule Adenosine Triphosphate ATP. ATP in turn supplies the energy for metabolic processes in the cell. Synthesizing ATP uses a series of linked oxidation and reduction reaction. 8.1.1 Oxidation and Reduct ...
... In the process of respiration, energy stored in organic food molecules is transferred to the molecule Adenosine Triphosphate ATP. ATP in turn supplies the energy for metabolic processes in the cell. Synthesizing ATP uses a series of linked oxidation and reduction reaction. 8.1.1 Oxidation and Reduct ...
Biol 178 Lecture 13
... ATP hydrolysis occurs simultaneously with endergonic reactions. If there is a net release of energy the reaction is exergonic and will proceed. ...
... ATP hydrolysis occurs simultaneously with endergonic reactions. If there is a net release of energy the reaction is exergonic and will proceed. ...
Nutrients
... present lactic acid produced from pyruvate and krebs does not occur -- referred to as anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism Hydrogen ions form a concentration gradient ...
... present lactic acid produced from pyruvate and krebs does not occur -- referred to as anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism Hydrogen ions form a concentration gradient ...
Electron transport chains
... Electron transport chain • Cytochromes carry electron carrier molecules (NADH & FADH2) down to oxygen • Chemiosmosis: energy coupling mechanism • ATP synthase: • produces ATP by using the H+ gradient (proton-motive force) pumped into the inner membrane space from the electron transport chain; this ...
... Electron transport chain • Cytochromes carry electron carrier molecules (NADH & FADH2) down to oxygen • Chemiosmosis: energy coupling mechanism • ATP synthase: • produces ATP by using the H+ gradient (proton-motive force) pumped into the inner membrane space from the electron transport chain; this ...
Chapter 9: How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... 1. NADH molecules carry their electrons to membrane 2. FADH2 is already attached to the membrane 3. Transfer electrons to NADH dehydrogenase, membrane-embedded protein a. Electrons passed on to a series of , carrier molecules b. Lose energy by driving a series of transmembrane 4. Series collectively ...
... 1. NADH molecules carry their electrons to membrane 2. FADH2 is already attached to the membrane 3. Transfer electrons to NADH dehydrogenase, membrane-embedded protein a. Electrons passed on to a series of , carrier molecules b. Lose energy by driving a series of transmembrane 4. Series collectively ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.