Oct_7
... Different types of membrane lipids (we talked about this last time) [ chart of Phospholipid composition of organelles ] o Note that sphingomyelin high in plasma membrane [ Inner / Outer membranes - curvature stress - phosphatidyl choline, big methyl group on outer membranes. Which ones on the insi ...
... Different types of membrane lipids (we talked about this last time) [ chart of Phospholipid composition of organelles ] o Note that sphingomyelin high in plasma membrane [ Inner / Outer membranes - curvature stress - phosphatidyl choline, big methyl group on outer membranes. Which ones on the insi ...
TABLE 3–1 Some Common Types of Enzymes
... catalyze polymerization reactions such as the synthesis of DNA and RNA. catalyze the addition of phosphate groups to molecules. Protein kinases are an important group of kinases that attach phosphate groups to proteins. catalyze the hydrolytic removal of a phosphate group from a molecule. general na ...
... catalyze polymerization reactions such as the synthesis of DNA and RNA. catalyze the addition of phosphate groups to molecules. Protein kinases are an important group of kinases that attach phosphate groups to proteins. catalyze the hydrolytic removal of a phosphate group from a molecule. general na ...
Preview Sample 1
... hydrogen ions pass from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, activating ATP synthase. b. hydrogen ions pass from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix, activating ATP synthase. c. water passes from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, activating ATP synt ...
... hydrogen ions pass from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, activating ATP synthase. b. hydrogen ions pass from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix, activating ATP synthase. c. water passes from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, activating ATP synt ...
2 395G Exam 3 11 Dec 2002 First calculate ∆E
... treatment of functioning mitochondria with nigericin on electron transport and ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation). Explain your predictions. What effects would valinomycin, an ionophore that transports K+, but not H+, have on functioning mitochondria? Ionophores are not pumps, but rather carr ...
... treatment of functioning mitochondria with nigericin on electron transport and ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation). Explain your predictions. What effects would valinomycin, an ionophore that transports K+, but not H+, have on functioning mitochondria? Ionophores are not pumps, but rather carr ...
CHAPTER 3 ESSENTIALS OF METABOLISM
... is released via a process called chemiosmosis. • As electrons are transferred along the electron transport chain, protons are pumped out of the cell. • This causes the proton concentration outside the cell to be higher than inside the cell, causing a concentration gradient to form. ...
... is released via a process called chemiosmosis. • As electrons are transferred along the electron transport chain, protons are pumped out of the cell. • This causes the proton concentration outside the cell to be higher than inside the cell, causing a concentration gradient to form. ...
BCOR 11 Exploring Biology
... E) the thermodynamically favorable transfer of phosphate from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle intermediate molecules of ADP. 24) Muscle cells in oxygen deprivation convert pyruvate to ________, and in this step gain ________. A) lactate; ATP B) alcohol; CO2 C) alcohol; ATP D) ATP; NADH2 E) lact ...
... E) the thermodynamically favorable transfer of phosphate from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle intermediate molecules of ADP. 24) Muscle cells in oxygen deprivation convert pyruvate to ________, and in this step gain ________. A) lactate; ATP B) alcohol; CO2 C) alcohol; ATP D) ATP; NADH2 E) lact ...
4.2 Cellular Respiration - Dr Rob's A
... The link reaction does just that, it links the first stage (glycolysis), with the second stage The second stage needs oxygen (aerobic respiration) This involves the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain The respiratory substrate is usually glucose but others can be used. Oxygen is also needed ...
... The link reaction does just that, it links the first stage (glycolysis), with the second stage The second stage needs oxygen (aerobic respiration) This involves the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain The respiratory substrate is usually glucose but others can be used. Oxygen is also needed ...
Anabolism: What micro-organisms do with all that 1
... Protons leached from Fe-S containing molecules in PSI in anaerobic photo-phosphorylation ...
... Protons leached from Fe-S containing molecules in PSI in anaerobic photo-phosphorylation ...
BIO 212 SI Kukday--Energetics (2) Review 2/7
... 1.) Can you identify types of enzyme regulation (emphasis on feedback inhibition)? 2.) Can you predict the consequences of mutations in an enzyme that is part of a metabolic pathway? 3.) Can you compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration pathways with respect to differences in products and energy int ...
... 1.) Can you identify types of enzyme regulation (emphasis on feedback inhibition)? 2.) Can you predict the consequences of mutations in an enzyme that is part of a metabolic pathway? 3.) Can you compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration pathways with respect to differences in products and energy int ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Occurs in the matrix of mitochondria. • Since each glucose produces 2 pyruvates after glycolysis, it takes 2 turns of the Krebs cycle to break down 1 glucose. • Each turn produces 3 CO2 which enter the lungs via diffusion. • Each turn will produce 1 ATP and 4 NADPH • In total the Krebs cycle produ ...
... • Occurs in the matrix of mitochondria. • Since each glucose produces 2 pyruvates after glycolysis, it takes 2 turns of the Krebs cycle to break down 1 glucose. • Each turn produces 3 CO2 which enter the lungs via diffusion. • Each turn will produce 1 ATP and 4 NADPH • In total the Krebs cycle produ ...
Exam #1 Graduate: PEP 426 Intermediate Exercise Physiology
... 3. NAD+ has the greatest reduction potential of all electron transport molecules in the mitochondria. 4. AMP is an allosteric activator of both phosphorylase and phosphofructokinase. 5. Palmitate is the main fatty acid metabolized in the body. 6. Glycogenolysis needs ATP for phosphate addition to gl ...
... 3. NAD+ has the greatest reduction potential of all electron transport molecules in the mitochondria. 4. AMP is an allosteric activator of both phosphorylase and phosphofructokinase. 5. Palmitate is the main fatty acid metabolized in the body. 6. Glycogenolysis needs ATP for phosphate addition to gl ...
pptx
... Reaction 2: The carbons are transferred to lipoamide in a redox rxn (in E1’s active site) Hydroxyethyl-TPP·E1 ...
... Reaction 2: The carbons are transferred to lipoamide in a redox rxn (in E1’s active site) Hydroxyethyl-TPP·E1 ...
Glycolysis
... • NAD+ and FAD+; each can carry 2 e• oxygen; needs 2 e- to fill outer valence shell of electrons ...
... • NAD+ and FAD+; each can carry 2 e• oxygen; needs 2 e- to fill outer valence shell of electrons ...
Membrane Transport notes
... Proteins move things by… I. Passive transport : 1. no energy is required 2. moves substances from high concentration to low concentration II. Active transport: 1. requires energy (ATP) 2. moves substances from low concentration to high concentration ...
... Proteins move things by… I. Passive transport : 1. no energy is required 2. moves substances from high concentration to low concentration II. Active transport: 1. requires energy (ATP) 2. moves substances from low concentration to high concentration ...
2421_Ch5.ppt
... Krebs Cycle – runs once for each pyruvic acid each glucose broken produces two pyruvic acids so we can run Krebs twice. The NADH and FADH2 will be used in the next step to recover many ATPs ...
... Krebs Cycle – runs once for each pyruvic acid each glucose broken produces two pyruvic acids so we can run Krebs twice. The NADH and FADH2 will be used in the next step to recover many ATPs ...
Light Independent
... - In the thylakoid membrane - Chlorophyll traps sunlight and makes ATP - Photolysis: sunlight breaks water into H and ...
... - In the thylakoid membrane - Chlorophyll traps sunlight and makes ATP - Photolysis: sunlight breaks water into H and ...
Cellular Respiration
... • The mitochondria are the engines of our cells where sugar is burned for fuel and the exhaust is CO2 and H2O. ...
... • The mitochondria are the engines of our cells where sugar is burned for fuel and the exhaust is CO2 and H2O. ...
Ch. 9 - Ltcconline.net
... 3. electron transport chain of cell respiraton is built into the inner membrane. a. all the folds of the christae provide increased surface area 4. electrons arrive having been carried by an NADH molecule. a. Oxygen (O2) is the final electron acceptor b. each Oxygen atom combines with 2 H’s to form ...
... 3. electron transport chain of cell respiraton is built into the inner membrane. a. all the folds of the christae provide increased surface area 4. electrons arrive having been carried by an NADH molecule. a. Oxygen (O2) is the final electron acceptor b. each Oxygen atom combines with 2 H’s to form ...
1 - MSU Billings
... D. intermembrane space to matrix E. Non of the above – protons are not pumped, they simply diffuse across the membrane 84. The potential energy that an electron loses as it is passed down the electron transport chain to photosystem I is used to: A. pump protons into the stroma B. pump protons into t ...
... D. intermembrane space to matrix E. Non of the above – protons are not pumped, they simply diffuse across the membrane 84. The potential energy that an electron loses as it is passed down the electron transport chain to photosystem I is used to: A. pump protons into the stroma B. pump protons into t ...
photosynthesis-and-cellular-respiration-worksheet
... Acetate from acetyl CoA is combined with oxaloacetate to produce citrate, which is cycled back to oxaloacetate as redox reactions produce NADH andFADH2, ATP is formed by substrate-level phosphorylation, and CO2 is released NADH (from glycolysis and Kreb’s) and FADH2 (from Kreb’s) transfer electrons ...
... Acetate from acetyl CoA is combined with oxaloacetate to produce citrate, which is cycled back to oxaloacetate as redox reactions produce NADH andFADH2, ATP is formed by substrate-level phosphorylation, and CO2 is released NADH (from glycolysis and Kreb’s) and FADH2 (from Kreb’s) transfer electrons ...
2421_Ch5.ppt
... Krebs Cycle – runs once for each pyruvic acid each glucose broken produces two pyruvic acids so we can run Krebs twice. The NADH and FADH2 will be used in the next step to recover many ATPs ...
... Krebs Cycle – runs once for each pyruvic acid each glucose broken produces two pyruvic acids so we can run Krebs twice. The NADH and FADH2 will be used in the next step to recover many ATPs ...
respiration - sandsbiochem
... O2 released as byproduct Cells use some of chemical E in organic molecules to make ATP E leaves as heat ...
... O2 released as byproduct Cells use some of chemical E in organic molecules to make ATP E leaves as heat ...
Bio07_TR_U03_CH09.QXD
... 14. What is the electron transport chain? ____________________________________________ 15. What does the electron transport chain use the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle for? _________________________________________________________________ 16. How does the location of the electron transp ...
... 14. What is the electron transport chain? ____________________________________________ 15. What does the electron transport chain use the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle for? _________________________________________________________________ 16. How does the location of the electron transp ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.