AP Bio Review - Cells, CR, and Photo Jeopardy
... is decolorized when it is reduced. After being mixed with DPIP, which of the following would show the greatest change in color? Isolated chloroplasts in the light Isolated chloroplasts in the dark Chlorophyll extract in the dark ...
... is decolorized when it is reduced. After being mixed with DPIP, which of the following would show the greatest change in color? Isolated chloroplasts in the light Isolated chloroplasts in the dark Chlorophyll extract in the dark ...
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE “AEROBIC PHASE OF
... dehydrogenase). The electron carriers in complex I include a tightly bound cofactor (flavin mononucleotide – FMN), which is chemically similar to FAD; and several iron-sulfur centers. Complex I then transfers these electrons to ubiquinone. Four protons are pumped from the matrix to the inter membran ...
... dehydrogenase). The electron carriers in complex I include a tightly bound cofactor (flavin mononucleotide – FMN), which is chemically similar to FAD; and several iron-sulfur centers. Complex I then transfers these electrons to ubiquinone. Four protons are pumped from the matrix to the inter membran ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... ______ 2 glyceraldehyde phosphates are oxidized ______ 2 NAD+ are reduced to 2 NADH ______ Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs ______ 4 ADP + 4P Æ 4 ATP ______ 2 ATP molecules are used ______ Glucose & intermediate compounds are phosphorylated ______ Fructose 1,6-diphosphate split into two 3-C co ...
... ______ 2 glyceraldehyde phosphates are oxidized ______ 2 NAD+ are reduced to 2 NADH ______ Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs ______ 4 ADP + 4P Æ 4 ATP ______ 2 ATP molecules are used ______ Glucose & intermediate compounds are phosphorylated ______ Fructose 1,6-diphosphate split into two 3-C co ...
Electron Transport Chain
... dehydrogenase from the citric acid cycle. In complex II, • CoQ obtains hydrogen and electrons directly from FADH2 and becomes CoQH2. • two electrons are transferred from the mobile carrier CoQH2 to a series of iron-containing proteins called cytochromes. • electrons are then transferred to two cytoc ...
... dehydrogenase from the citric acid cycle. In complex II, • CoQ obtains hydrogen and electrons directly from FADH2 and becomes CoQH2. • two electrons are transferred from the mobile carrier CoQH2 to a series of iron-containing proteins called cytochromes. • electrons are then transferred to two cytoc ...
Cell Respiration DiagramSkit WS NEW
... Its role is to _____________________________ to form ______________ molecules, and has a net of ___ ATP molecules. ___________ molecules are also formed. 3. If oxygen is not present, the process goes into ________________ respiration, or _____________________. If oxygen is present, then the process ...
... Its role is to _____________________________ to form ______________ molecules, and has a net of ___ ATP molecules. ___________ molecules are also formed. 3. If oxygen is not present, the process goes into ________________ respiration, or _____________________. If oxygen is present, then the process ...
Name: Cellular Respiration Study Guide Helpful Hints!! 1. The
... The ETC needs electrons to be transported by NADH and FADH 5. Explain the functions of electrons, hydrogen ions, and oxygen in the ETC. Electrons are passed down the ETC, hydrogen ions are pumped up the concentration gradient and then flow down the gradient to create the energy needed to put one mor ...
... The ETC needs electrons to be transported by NADH and FADH 5. Explain the functions of electrons, hydrogen ions, and oxygen in the ETC. Electrons are passed down the ETC, hydrogen ions are pumped up the concentration gradient and then flow down the gradient to create the energy needed to put one mor ...
Respiration II
... During cellular respiration, most of the energy in During cellular respiration most of the energy in glucose ends up in two acetyl groups. ...
... During cellular respiration, most of the energy in During cellular respiration most of the energy in glucose ends up in two acetyl groups. ...
Mitochondrial Lab - University of Colorado Denver
... “step” as ‘intermediate step”; moving pyruvic acid into the mitochondrion) 2) TCA CYCLE (or Kreb’s cycle)- where what is left of glucose is broken all the way down to C02 and all the electrons are stripped off 3) Electrons are carried (by NADH or FADH2) to the electron transport chain and ATP syntha ...
... “step” as ‘intermediate step”; moving pyruvic acid into the mitochondrion) 2) TCA CYCLE (or Kreb’s cycle)- where what is left of glucose is broken all the way down to C02 and all the electrons are stripped off 3) Electrons are carried (by NADH or FADH2) to the electron transport chain and ATP syntha ...
Slide 1
... two means by which chemoorganotrophs conserve energy from the oxidation of organic compounds. • During these catabolic reactions, ATP synthesis occurs by way of either substrate-level phosphorylation (fermentation) or oxidative phosphorylation (respiration). ...
... two means by which chemoorganotrophs conserve energy from the oxidation of organic compounds. • During these catabolic reactions, ATP synthesis occurs by way of either substrate-level phosphorylation (fermentation) or oxidative phosphorylation (respiration). ...
222 Coenzymes.p65
... 2. The electrons are passed a long a series of carriers (reoxidising the coenzyme) 3. Energy is released from the electrons and is used by coenzymes to pump protons across the intermembrane space, creating a proton gradient 4. Protons are able to diffuse back across the inner membrane via ion channe ...
... 2. The electrons are passed a long a series of carriers (reoxidising the coenzyme) 3. Energy is released from the electrons and is used by coenzymes to pump protons across the intermembrane space, creating a proton gradient 4. Protons are able to diffuse back across the inner membrane via ion channe ...
Fe-S
... •Features: hydrophobic and a dissociable proton. –Acquire protons on the cytosolic surface of the membrane –Carry them to the matrix side –Thereby destroying the proton gradient that couples electron transport and the ATP synthase. ...
... •Features: hydrophobic and a dissociable proton. –Acquire protons on the cytosolic surface of the membrane –Carry them to the matrix side –Thereby destroying the proton gradient that couples electron transport and the ATP synthase. ...
An Introduction to Metabolism by Dr. Ty C.M. Hoffman
... (NADH+H+ and FADH2) and passing those electrons from particle to particle along the chain. Thus, operation of an electron transport chain is a series of redox reactions. In each transfer of an electron ...
... (NADH+H+ and FADH2) and passing those electrons from particle to particle along the chain. Thus, operation of an electron transport chain is a series of redox reactions. In each transfer of an electron ...
Review Questions for Advanced Biochemistry Course
... decreasing the GTPase activity of Gαs-stimulatory subunit decreasing the cAMP phosphodiesterase activity increasing protein phosphatase activity in the cell ...
... decreasing the GTPase activity of Gαs-stimulatory subunit decreasing the cAMP phosphodiesterase activity increasing protein phosphatase activity in the cell ...
Chapter 9.5 and 9.6
... makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions › Example: our muscle cells › Pyruvate is a fork in the road… › pyruvate converts to acetyl CoA › pyruvate is diverted from the citric acid cycle ...
... makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions › Example: our muscle cells › Pyruvate is a fork in the road… › pyruvate converts to acetyl CoA › pyruvate is diverted from the citric acid cycle ...
Student Questions and Answers October 22, 2002
... produces GTP rather than ATP! Q 2. Why are there 2 currencies of energy, ATP and GTP? Answer: FK: If each of the 4 ribonucleoside triphosphates is specialised to certain fields of cellular tasks (which more or less is the case), there is more freedom to independently control and regulate these activ ...
... produces GTP rather than ATP! Q 2. Why are there 2 currencies of energy, ATP and GTP? Answer: FK: If each of the 4 ribonucleoside triphosphates is specialised to certain fields of cellular tasks (which more or less is the case), there is more freedom to independently control and regulate these activ ...
Introduction to Biotechnology
... •In this reaction, the ETS creates a gradient which is used to produce ATP •Electron Transport Phosphorylation typically produces 32 ATP's •ATP is generated as H+ moves down its concentration gradient through a special enzyme called ATP Synthetase ...
... •In this reaction, the ETS creates a gradient which is used to produce ATP •Electron Transport Phosphorylation typically produces 32 ATP's •ATP is generated as H+ moves down its concentration gradient through a special enzyme called ATP Synthetase ...
The Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
... Enzymes in the matrix of the mitochondria catalyze a cycle of reactions called the Krebs cycle. The common pathway to completely oxidize fuel molecules which mostly is acetyl CoA ,the product from the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate It enters the cycle and passes ten steps of reactions tha ...
... Enzymes in the matrix of the mitochondria catalyze a cycle of reactions called the Krebs cycle. The common pathway to completely oxidize fuel molecules which mostly is acetyl CoA ,the product from the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate It enters the cycle and passes ten steps of reactions tha ...
Cellular Respiration PPT
... Occurs in the MATRIX of the mitochondria Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis enters to form 1 ATP 3 NADH 1 FADH2 CO2 (which is released when we exhale!!) AKA….Citric Acid Cycle ...
... Occurs in the MATRIX of the mitochondria Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis enters to form 1 ATP 3 NADH 1 FADH2 CO2 (which is released when we exhale!!) AKA….Citric Acid Cycle ...
CH`s 8 - FacStaff Home Page for CBU
... These two electron carriers donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation. Electron Transport Chain The electron transport chain is in the inner membrane (cristae) of the mitochondrion. Most of the chain’s components are proteins, which ex ...
... These two electron carriers donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation. Electron Transport Chain The electron transport chain is in the inner membrane (cristae) of the mitochondrion. Most of the chain’s components are proteins, which ex ...
Chapter 5 - Ellis Benjamin
... • ATP produced through phosphorylation – donor molecule transfers P to ADP • Does not require oxygen (anaerobic) • Net gain of 2 ATPs • Results in 2 pyruvate and 2 NADH molecules per glucose that goes through glycolysis ...
... • ATP produced through phosphorylation – donor molecule transfers P to ADP • Does not require oxygen (anaerobic) • Net gain of 2 ATPs • Results in 2 pyruvate and 2 NADH molecules per glucose that goes through glycolysis ...
Grading Rubric: Photosynthesis and Cellular
... 8. What happens after glycolysis if oxygen is present? The products of glycolysis (pyruvic acid) continues on into the mitochondria for cellular respiration to continue making ATP ...
... 8. What happens after glycolysis if oxygen is present? The products of glycolysis (pyruvic acid) continues on into the mitochondria for cellular respiration to continue making ATP ...
Energy Metabolism and Mitochondria
... ATP Synthesis (Oxidative Phosphorylation/Chemiosmotic Theory): The process of glycolysis and citric acid cycle generates high-energy electrons that are carried by the NADH and FADH2 molecules. The NADH (and FADH2) molecules transfer their electrons via multiple electron carriers that are components ...
... ATP Synthesis (Oxidative Phosphorylation/Chemiosmotic Theory): The process of glycolysis and citric acid cycle generates high-energy electrons that are carried by the NADH and FADH2 molecules. The NADH (and FADH2) molecules transfer their electrons via multiple electron carriers that are components ...
products
... GLYCOLYSIS The 1st Step Starts with the break down of Glucose (or any organic compound) • Occurs in the CYTOPLASM of cells • 1. GLUCOSE is split into two 3 carbon carbons called PYRUVATE. • This requires energy from 2 ATP‘S, which have to be borrowed from the cell. • Also, the Hydrogen from glucose ...
... GLYCOLYSIS The 1st Step Starts with the break down of Glucose (or any organic compound) • Occurs in the CYTOPLASM of cells • 1. GLUCOSE is split into two 3 carbon carbons called PYRUVATE. • This requires energy from 2 ATP‘S, which have to be borrowed from the cell. • Also, the Hydrogen from glucose ...
Slide 1 - Montville.net
... State the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for Oxygen. Then draw an Oxygen ...
... State the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for Oxygen. Then draw an Oxygen ...
BIO 315 Exam I (F2014)
... to open its ion channel, allowing some Na+ to flow into the cell and bring about a depolarization to threshold to -50 mV. This stimulates voltage-gated Na+ channels, to open, allowing even more Na+ to rush into the cell until the membrane undergoes a full depolarization to +50 mV. This change in mem ...
... to open its ion channel, allowing some Na+ to flow into the cell and bring about a depolarization to threshold to -50 mV. This stimulates voltage-gated Na+ channels, to open, allowing even more Na+ to rush into the cell until the membrane undergoes a full depolarization to +50 mV. This change in mem ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.