3rd Fall - rci.rutgers.edu
... Chylomicrons – triacylglycerols (TAGs) are incorporated into lipid core of chylomicrons (lipoprotein class consisting mostly of TAGs and apolipoprotiens) TAG-rich chylomicrons are transported via lymphatics ---> blood stream --->muscle and adipose tissue for oxidation and storage. Low density lipopr ...
... Chylomicrons – triacylglycerols (TAGs) are incorporated into lipid core of chylomicrons (lipoprotein class consisting mostly of TAGs and apolipoprotiens) TAG-rich chylomicrons are transported via lymphatics ---> blood stream --->muscle and adipose tissue for oxidation and storage. Low density lipopr ...
Cellular Respiration
... Steps of the ETC I- NADH reductase oxidizes NADH to NAD+ resulting in high energy electron II- high energy electron transfers through coenzyme Q to cytochrome reductase III- travels through the cytochrome c IV- travels into cytochrome oxidase where it is now low energy and binds to oxygen to ...
... Steps of the ETC I- NADH reductase oxidizes NADH to NAD+ resulting in high energy electron II- high energy electron transfers through coenzyme Q to cytochrome reductase III- travels through the cytochrome c IV- travels into cytochrome oxidase where it is now low energy and binds to oxygen to ...
Reading Guide for Week 4
... 7. What are cofactors? What are coenzymes? 8. Understand the factors that influence enzyme activity: temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and inhibitors. 9. Understand competitive and noncompetitive inhibition. Know an example of each. 10. Know that cytochromes are oxidases and are components o ...
... 7. What are cofactors? What are coenzymes? 8. Understand the factors that influence enzyme activity: temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and inhibitors. 9. Understand competitive and noncompetitive inhibition. Know an example of each. 10. Know that cytochromes are oxidases and are components o ...
Cell Respiration--The Kreb`s Cycle
... the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and the Citric Acid Cycle, and accounts for about two thirds of the total oxidation of carbon compounds in most cells. ...
... the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and the Citric Acid Cycle, and accounts for about two thirds of the total oxidation of carbon compounds in most cells. ...
to find the lecture notes for lecture 4 cellular physiology click here
... -folded extensively to form partitions = cristae -contains proteins that transport H+ out of the lumen of the mitochondria -> electrochemical gradient -contains enzymes that use this gradient for the synthesis of ATP -also contains pumps to move ATP into the cytosol •matrix - lumen of the mitochondr ...
... -folded extensively to form partitions = cristae -contains proteins that transport H+ out of the lumen of the mitochondria -> electrochemical gradient -contains enzymes that use this gradient for the synthesis of ATP -also contains pumps to move ATP into the cytosol •matrix - lumen of the mitochondr ...
cellular respiration - Aurora City Schools
... During the citric acid cycle, the carbon atoms from Acetyl – CoA form CO2 – released into the atmosphere Hydrogen ions and electrons bind to NAD+ and FAD and move to the oxidative phosphorylation 1 ATP per cycle is also produced. The cycle takes place twice per glucose ...
... During the citric acid cycle, the carbon atoms from Acetyl – CoA form CO2 – released into the atmosphere Hydrogen ions and electrons bind to NAD+ and FAD and move to the oxidative phosphorylation 1 ATP per cycle is also produced. The cycle takes place twice per glucose ...
Study Guide for Cellular Respiration Answers
... from Glycolysis and NADH. Lactic acid fermentation is used in industry to make cheese and yogurt, by bacteria and certain fungi. We experience this when we over exercise certain muscle groups and experience muscle pain, fatigue and cramping. Luckily it is gradually carried away by the blood to the l ...
... from Glycolysis and NADH. Lactic acid fermentation is used in industry to make cheese and yogurt, by bacteria and certain fungi. We experience this when we over exercise certain muscle groups and experience muscle pain, fatigue and cramping. Luckily it is gradually carried away by the blood to the l ...
• In the cell, nutrients and oxygen, have different electron affinities.
... In CELL: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + HEAT + 32 ATP ALL molecules are in moles: 6 O2 means 6 moles of O2; one mole of O2 has a volume of 22.4 liters 32 ATP means 32 moles of ATP; one mole of ATP = 507 grams In a person 134.4 liters of O2 are used to produce 16224 grams of ATP from the potential ...
... In CELL: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + HEAT + 32 ATP ALL molecules are in moles: 6 O2 means 6 moles of O2; one mole of O2 has a volume of 22.4 liters 32 ATP means 32 moles of ATP; one mole of ATP = 507 grams In a person 134.4 liters of O2 are used to produce 16224 grams of ATP from the potential ...
Chapter 5 Lecture Notes
... c. NADH is oxidized to NAD+ when it releases 2 electrons and a proton to FMN, the first carrier in the ETC. Another proton follows from the surrounding aqueous medium. [This step in Fig. 16 only shows a single electron entering FMN, when there should be two]. d. The protons enter the space between t ...
... c. NADH is oxidized to NAD+ when it releases 2 electrons and a proton to FMN, the first carrier in the ETC. Another proton follows from the surrounding aqueous medium. [This step in Fig. 16 only shows a single electron entering FMN, when there should be two]. d. The protons enter the space between t ...
ABSTRACT_ZLH_UTEP
... electrochemical gradients and preserving the viability of pH-dependent cellular compartments. The energy required for these processes is supplied by the hydrolysis of ATP within the soluble A3B3 complex driving the rotary mechanism that results in the translocation of protons across the membrane. AT ...
... electrochemical gradients and preserving the viability of pH-dependent cellular compartments. The energy required for these processes is supplied by the hydrolysis of ATP within the soluble A3B3 complex driving the rotary mechanism that results in the translocation of protons across the membrane. AT ...
幻灯片 1
... and occupy distinct zones where the environmental conditions favour their specific activities. ...
... and occupy distinct zones where the environmental conditions favour their specific activities. ...
How does ATP transfer energy?
... that occurs without oxygen. E.g. For bacteria, the final electron acceptors are sulphate and nitrate not oxygen. E.g. Fermentation in bacteria and yeast also breaks down glucose, but produces carbon dioxide and ethanol. ...
... that occurs without oxygen. E.g. For bacteria, the final electron acceptors are sulphate and nitrate not oxygen. E.g. Fermentation in bacteria and yeast also breaks down glucose, but produces carbon dioxide and ethanol. ...
Primary electrons make random elastic and inelastic collision either
... effect…. i.e. as to pass though the stronger electric filed, close to nuclei, it will suffer a “quantum jump” to a low energy state, which will make emission of X-ray photon, and it would be all possible energy up to E0… Secondary electron, (<50 eV, normally around 2-6 eV, larger than sample’s work ...
... effect…. i.e. as to pass though the stronger electric filed, close to nuclei, it will suffer a “quantum jump” to a low energy state, which will make emission of X-ray photon, and it would be all possible energy up to E0… Secondary electron, (<50 eV, normally around 2-6 eV, larger than sample’s work ...
3 Physio Enzymes and Glycolysis
... Redox reactions are coupled Usually involves the transfer of 2H+ rather than free Remember…. electrons Electrons have to come from somewhere and go somewhere! ...
... Redox reactions are coupled Usually involves the transfer of 2H+ rather than free Remember…. electrons Electrons have to come from somewhere and go somewhere! ...
word
... Describe other functions of the intermediates in the cycle – biosynthesis, breakdown of amino acids, fatty acids, etc; many fuels feed into Acetyl CoA (Fig. 19) Energetics of TCA cycle **Regulation of TCA cycle (figs. 12, 17); PDC Fig. 15 New terms: anaplerotic How do the mitochondrial enzymes get t ...
... Describe other functions of the intermediates in the cycle – biosynthesis, breakdown of amino acids, fatty acids, etc; many fuels feed into Acetyl CoA (Fig. 19) Energetics of TCA cycle **Regulation of TCA cycle (figs. 12, 17); PDC Fig. 15 New terms: anaplerotic How do the mitochondrial enzymes get t ...
Cellular respiration Review: 1. Why is ATP the “energy currency” of
... 5. True or False: The main idea of cellular respiration is that energy found in the electrons from the food we eat can be transferred through a series of “step- down” redox reactions to eventually be used to join ATP +Pi yielding ATP. 6. Complete the following table: Reaction Name Location Oxygen Go ...
... 5. True or False: The main idea of cellular respiration is that energy found in the electrons from the food we eat can be transferred through a series of “step- down” redox reactions to eventually be used to join ATP +Pi yielding ATP. 6. Complete the following table: Reaction Name Location Oxygen Go ...
Table S1. - BioMed Central
... Key enzyme of the glycolysis; PFK-1 is inhibited by ATP and citrate (from the citric acid cycle) [127]. Executes the final step of aerobic glycolysis, favors the conversion of pyruvate to lactate; target of new antineoplastic pharmacologic agents ...
... Key enzyme of the glycolysis; PFK-1 is inhibited by ATP and citrate (from the citric acid cycle) [127]. Executes the final step of aerobic glycolysis, favors the conversion of pyruvate to lactate; target of new antineoplastic pharmacologic agents ...
Chapter 9 from Mrs Chou
... Facultative anaerobes: make ATP by aerobic respiration (with O2 present) or switch to fermentation (no O2 available) ...
... Facultative anaerobes: make ATP by aerobic respiration (with O2 present) or switch to fermentation (no O2 available) ...
Warm-Up
... Facultative anaerobes: make ATP by aerobic respiration (with O2 present) or switch to fermentation (no O2 available) ...
... Facultative anaerobes: make ATP by aerobic respiration (with O2 present) or switch to fermentation (no O2 available) ...
Chapter 6 Cellular Energy
... Takes place within inner membrane of mitochondria Small amounts of energy released – produces ATP ...
... Takes place within inner membrane of mitochondria Small amounts of energy released – produces ATP ...
Ch 9 (primary ppt) - Phillips Scientific Methods
... Facultative anaerobes: make ATP by aerobic respiration (with O2 present) or switch to fermentation (no O2 available) ...
... Facultative anaerobes: make ATP by aerobic respiration (with O2 present) or switch to fermentation (no O2 available) ...
AP Biology Discussion Notes
... • Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat • Photosynthesis generates O2 and organic molecules, which are used in cellular respiration • Cells use chemical energy stored in organic molecules to regenerate ATP, which powers work ...
... • Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat • Photosynthesis generates O2 and organic molecules, which are used in cellular respiration • Cells use chemical energy stored in organic molecules to regenerate ATP, which powers work ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.