farah el nazer corrected by dana al sharif
... -Cytochrome b-c1 is another name for complex 3 ( contains heme b & heme c1) -NADH dehydrogenase is another name for Complex 1( dehydrogenation of NADH to NAD+) Complex 1 :- (NADH –Q oxidorductase). -complex protein( more than 25 polypeptide chain ) -contains FMN .( falvin mononucleotide ) the first ...
... -Cytochrome b-c1 is another name for complex 3 ( contains heme b & heme c1) -NADH dehydrogenase is another name for Complex 1( dehydrogenation of NADH to NAD+) Complex 1 :- (NADH –Q oxidorductase). -complex protein( more than 25 polypeptide chain ) -contains FMN .( falvin mononucleotide ) the first ...
HOW CELLS HARVEST ENERGY (ch. 9 - Campbells)
... N.A.D. - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. An electron and hydrogen acceptor used during respiration and fermentation. Chemiosmosis - pumping of hydrogen ions (protons) out of the mitochondrial matrix to create a negative charge inside the matrix. Facilitated diffusion of protons occurs back into t ...
... N.A.D. - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. An electron and hydrogen acceptor used during respiration and fermentation. Chemiosmosis - pumping of hydrogen ions (protons) out of the mitochondrial matrix to create a negative charge inside the matrix. Facilitated diffusion of protons occurs back into t ...
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN, OXIDATIVE
... of ADP are tightly Coupled reactions, • Free Energy released is stored as ATP, • Damaged Mitochondria: • Electron transport may occur without Oxidative Phosphorylation, • Free Energy released as Electrons are transported will not be stored as ATP but will instead be lost as heat, ...
... of ADP are tightly Coupled reactions, • Free Energy released is stored as ATP, • Damaged Mitochondria: • Electron transport may occur without Oxidative Phosphorylation, • Free Energy released as Electrons are transported will not be stored as ATP but will instead be lost as heat, ...
Energetics and Catabolism
... Adenosine Triphosphate ATP can transfer energy to cell processes in three different ways: - Hydrolysis releasing phosphate (Pi) - Hydrolysis releasing pyrophosphate (PPi) - Phosphorylation of an organic molecule Note that besides ATP other nucleotides carry energy. - For example, guanosine triphosp ...
... Adenosine Triphosphate ATP can transfer energy to cell processes in three different ways: - Hydrolysis releasing phosphate (Pi) - Hydrolysis releasing pyrophosphate (PPi) - Phosphorylation of an organic molecule Note that besides ATP other nucleotides carry energy. - For example, guanosine triphosp ...
Document
... The citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) (Krebs cycle) accounts for about two-thirds of the total oxidation of carbon compounds in most cells. CO2 and high-energy electrons in NADH are the major products. These highenergy electrons are then passed to a membranebound electron-transport chain ...
... The citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) (Krebs cycle) accounts for about two-thirds of the total oxidation of carbon compounds in most cells. CO2 and high-energy electrons in NADH are the major products. These highenergy electrons are then passed to a membranebound electron-transport chain ...
Lorem Ipsum - Tri-County Technical College
... aerobe is organism that requires oxygen for cellular respiration and CAN”T live without it Obligate anaerobe is organism that cannot use oxygen and is poisoned by it Facultative anaerobe is organism that uses oxygen if available (in fact, prefers it) but can switch to alternate pathway if oxygen ...
... aerobe is organism that requires oxygen for cellular respiration and CAN”T live without it Obligate anaerobe is organism that cannot use oxygen and is poisoned by it Facultative anaerobe is organism that uses oxygen if available (in fact, prefers it) but can switch to alternate pathway if oxygen ...
Catabolic Pathways and Glycolysis
... Stages of Cellular Respiration • Glycolysis • Citric Acid Cycle • Oxidative Phosphorylation ...
... Stages of Cellular Respiration • Glycolysis • Citric Acid Cycle • Oxidative Phosphorylation ...
Respiration - Mayfield City Schools
... to the electron transport chain? NADH, FADH2, these are the electron carriers that allow for the production of much more ATP ...
... to the electron transport chain? NADH, FADH2, these are the electron carriers that allow for the production of much more ATP ...
PPT
... used for ATP synthesis. In aerobic respiration O2 is the electron acceptor. In anaerobic respiration another molecule is the electron acceptor. Type of ...
... used for ATP synthesis. In aerobic respiration O2 is the electron acceptor. In anaerobic respiration another molecule is the electron acceptor. Type of ...
Cell Respiration
... Entering the Krebs Cycle 75% of the original energy in glucose is still present in the 2 molecules of pyruvate With oxygen present the pyruvate enter the in the mitochondrion where enzymes of the Krebs cycle oxidize the organic fuel to carbon dioxide. Step 1: When pyruvate enters the mitochondria sv ...
... Entering the Krebs Cycle 75% of the original energy in glucose is still present in the 2 molecules of pyruvate With oxygen present the pyruvate enter the in the mitochondrion where enzymes of the Krebs cycle oxidize the organic fuel to carbon dioxide. Step 1: When pyruvate enters the mitochondria sv ...
Camp 1 - Evangel University
... • In ________, large molecules are broken down to smaller products, releasing energy and transferring electrons to acceptor molecules of various sorts. The overall process is one of oxidation. • In ________, small molecules react to give rise to larger ones; this process requires energy and involves ...
... • In ________, large molecules are broken down to smaller products, releasing energy and transferring electrons to acceptor molecules of various sorts. The overall process is one of oxidation. • In ________, small molecules react to give rise to larger ones; this process requires energy and involves ...
Chapter 7 Notes - MDC Faculty Home Pages
... enzyme in the membrane called ATP synthase, like a water wheel spinning; as the ions pass, energy is used to transfer phosphate onto ADP to make ATP. • Greatest amount of ATP is made in this stage (32 ATP per glucose). • At the end of the ETC , which carrier accepts the electron? – 1/2 O2 + 2 elect ...
... enzyme in the membrane called ATP synthase, like a water wheel spinning; as the ions pass, energy is used to transfer phosphate onto ADP to make ATP. • Greatest amount of ATP is made in this stage (32 ATP per glucose). • At the end of the ETC , which carrier accepts the electron? – 1/2 O2 + 2 elect ...
Sucrose is used for respiration, storage or construction. Plants
... Respiration - the process of mobilizing organic compounds and oxidizing them. The released energy is transiently stored as ATP. The reduced carbon compounds that are substrates for respiration in plants include glucose, sucrose, fructose-containing polymers, lipids, and organic acids. ...
... Respiration - the process of mobilizing organic compounds and oxidizing them. The released energy is transiently stored as ATP. The reduced carbon compounds that are substrates for respiration in plants include glucose, sucrose, fructose-containing polymers, lipids, and organic acids. ...
Content of phloem and xylem exudates
... Respiration - the process of mobilizing organic compounds and oxidizing them. The released energy is transiently stored as ATP. The reduced carbon compounds that are substrates for respiration in plants include glucose, sucrose, fructose-containing polymers, lipids, and organic acids. ...
... Respiration - the process of mobilizing organic compounds and oxidizing them. The released energy is transiently stored as ATP. The reduced carbon compounds that are substrates for respiration in plants include glucose, sucrose, fructose-containing polymers, lipids, and organic acids. ...
Cellular respiration
... 8. Chemical reactions of citric acid cycle produces CO2, ATP, and NADPH. 9. Kreb’s cycle is the reason for the carbon dioxide you exhale. 10. Kreb’s cycle is used to convert any molecule into another molecule. 11. Kreb’s cycle is involved in anabolizing and catabolizing proteins, fats, carbohydrates ...
... 8. Chemical reactions of citric acid cycle produces CO2, ATP, and NADPH. 9. Kreb’s cycle is the reason for the carbon dioxide you exhale. 10. Kreb’s cycle is used to convert any molecule into another molecule. 11. Kreb’s cycle is involved in anabolizing and catabolizing proteins, fats, carbohydrates ...
Chapter 5 Homework Part I. Name: Starts on page 83 What type of
... C4H6O5 + NAD+ C4H4O5 + NADH + H+ 27. During the fall of an electron _______________________ _______________ is released. 28. What molecule provides an intermediary step for electrons in the electron transport chain from glucose to oxygen? ...
... C4H6O5 + NAD+ C4H4O5 + NADH + H+ 27. During the fall of an electron _______________________ _______________ is released. 28. What molecule provides an intermediary step for electrons in the electron transport chain from glucose to oxygen? ...
LECTURE #1 STUDY GUIDE
... “For every reaction involving cellular oxidation, there is a reaction involving __________________”. ...
... “For every reaction involving cellular oxidation, there is a reaction involving __________________”. ...
Cell Standards
... Living organisms appear in many variations, yet there are basic similarities among their forms and functions. For example, all organisms require an outside source of energy to sustain life processes; all organisms demonstrate patterns of growth and, in many cases, senescence, the process of becoming ...
... Living organisms appear in many variations, yet there are basic similarities among their forms and functions. For example, all organisms require an outside source of energy to sustain life processes; all organisms demonstrate patterns of growth and, in many cases, senescence, the process of becoming ...
1) Which of the following is (are) true for anabolic
... 19) During glycolysis, when glucose is catabolized to pyruvate, most of the energy of glucose is A) retained in the pyruvate. B) transferred to ADP, forming ATP. C) transferred directly to ATP. D) used to phosphorylate fructose to form fructose-6-phosphate. E) stored in the NADH produced. 20) A mol ...
... 19) During glycolysis, when glucose is catabolized to pyruvate, most of the energy of glucose is A) retained in the pyruvate. B) transferred to ADP, forming ATP. C) transferred directly to ATP. D) used to phosphorylate fructose to form fructose-6-phosphate. E) stored in the NADH produced. 20) A mol ...
Chapter 13
... 3. Most metabolisms are carried out in specific organelles. For example, glycolysis takes place in cytosol, whereas the citric acid cycle and the oxidative phosphorylation processes occur in mitochondria. Important metabolic functions are listed in Table 15-2. 4. ATP is the most important cellular e ...
... 3. Most metabolisms are carried out in specific organelles. For example, glycolysis takes place in cytosol, whereas the citric acid cycle and the oxidative phosphorylation processes occur in mitochondria. Important metabolic functions are listed in Table 15-2. 4. ATP is the most important cellular e ...
Membrane-active antimicrobial drugs—a reappraisal of their mode
... It will be recalled that the proton-motive force (A~I, - ZApH) is said to be responsible for the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate as part of the process of oxidative phosphorylation. It has been known almost from the beginning of this century that nitrophenols, especially 2,4.dinitrophenol (DNP), ...
... It will be recalled that the proton-motive force (A~I, - ZApH) is said to be responsible for the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate as part of the process of oxidative phosphorylation. It has been known almost from the beginning of this century that nitrophenols, especially 2,4.dinitrophenol (DNP), ...
Cellular Respiration Chapter 9
... The electrons are passed down a chain of proteins until they reach the final electron acceptor…..oxygen! ...
... The electrons are passed down a chain of proteins until they reach the final electron acceptor…..oxygen! ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.